建筑性能模拟软件在绿色建筑设计不同阶段的应用效果比较

建筑性能模拟软件在绿色建筑设计中承担了重要的作用,在本研究中主要探讨模拟软件使用的不同时期如何影响建筑性能表现和设计策略的选择。基于不同工作方式(不同阶段引入模拟软件)的两个真实设计案例,通过采访建筑师和调研设计过程的文本和资料,分析了两种不同工作方式的设计效果差异。模拟软件在早期介入的方案可以考虑更多与当地气候相适应的被动式的设计策略,而模拟软件在晚期介入的方案更多地考虑用主动技术的方式来实现建筑性能的指标。本研究建议将被动式设计策略引入到绿色建筑评估体系中,以鼓励设计团队在早期设计阶段就采用模拟软件指导设计的工作方式。     

Developing a physical BIM library for building thermal energy simulation

Insufficient interoperability resulting from complex data exchange between architectural design and building energy simulation prevents the efficient use of energy performance analyses in the early design stage. This paper presents the development of a Modelica library for Building Information Modeling (BIM)-based building energy simulation (ModelicaBIM library) using an Object-Oriented Physical Modeling (OOPM) approach and Modelica, an equation-based OOPM language. By using the ModelicaBIM library, our project investigates system interfaces between BIM and energy simulation, which can perform semi-automatic translation from the building models in BIM to building energy modeling (BEM) using a BIM's authoring tool's Application Programming Interface (API).The ModelicaBIM library consists of OOPM-based BIM classes and OOPM-based BIM structure. OOPM-based BIM classes represent building component information. OOPM-based BIM structure consists of test case models that demonstrate (i) how building information in BIM can be transformed to OOPM and (ii) how design operations in BIM, such as changing a building geometry and editing building components, can be translated into BEM. A case study for simulation result comparisons has been conducted using (i) OOPM-based BIM models in the ModelicaBIM library and (ii) LBNL Modelica Buildings library (a Modelica-based building thermal simulation library developed by Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory). Our implementation shows that the ModelicaBIM library enables (i) objects in BIM to be translated into the OOPM-based energy models and (ii) existing OOPM library to be utilized as a simulation solver for BIM-based energy simulation.     

风机盘管空调系统夏季节能模拟与控制研究

运用建筑能耗模拟软件EnergyPlus对北京某高层写字楼进行了能耗及节能控制策略的模拟,并根据模拟结果对该大厦的楼宇控制系统进行了设计,实现了建筑能耗模拟和楼宇控制系统节能运行的人工连接。     

关于绿色建筑性能模拟优化流程的研究

建筑性能数值模拟计算分析近年来对建筑设计的影响逐渐增强,尤其当下发展日益凸出的绿色建筑,方案设计优化更离不开计算机的数值分析。而目前针对建筑性能模拟优化流程间的分析研究很少,所以在简要介绍建筑性能优化设计的概念基础上,详细分析了各建筑物理性能模拟流程间的关系,从而为建筑性能优化设计流程提供一些参考和指导。     

建筑节能计算机评估体系研究

介绍了国外的建筑能耗模拟软件和建筑节能规范一致性评估软件，指出建立符合我国国情的建筑节能计算机评估体系的必要性，构建了针对我国现状的建筑节能计算机评估体系的框架以及以此为基础的建筑节能设计和改造流程。     

A framework to integrate object-oriented physical modelling with building information modelling for building thermal simulation

This paper presents a framework for integrating building information modelling (BIM) and object-oriented physical modelling-based building energy modelling (BEM) focusing on thermal simulation to support decision-making in the design process. The framework is made of a system interface between BIM and Modelica-based BEM and the visualization of simulation results for building designers. The interface consists of the following two major features: (1) pre-processing BIM models to add required thermal parameters into BIM and generate the building topology and (2) translating BIM to Modelica-based building energy modelling automatically and running the thermal simulation. The visualization component presents the simulation results in BIM for designers to understand the relationship between design decisions and the building performance. For the framework implementation, we have created a ModelicaBIM library and utilized the Modelica Buildings library developed by the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. We conducted a case study to demonstrate and validate the framework simulation results.     

方案设计阶段建筑性能模拟方法综述

从模拟辅助设计的过程分析、建筑群性能模拟、建筑单体性能模拟和建筑性能评价方法四个方面回顾了建筑方案设计阶段节能设计的研究成果,分析了现有研究方法的不足,指出解决现有问题应首先研究方案设计阶段的特点,其次分析模拟输入参数的可获得性,并在模拟中引入不确定性分析。     

基于Vega的建筑火场与结构火灾反应同步模拟

建筑火场模拟方面的软件和结构火灾反应模拟方面的软件均可在各自领域实现很好的模拟,但是在建筑火场和结构火灾反应同步模拟上开发尚不到位。基于Vega的建筑火场与结构火灾反应同步模拟在本文开发的虚拟现实系统中得到实现。该系统是基于火场模拟软件FDS和有限元软件的后处理虚拟现实平台,一方面这两种软件的结果保证了模拟的科学性,另一方面这两种软件的结果又可以同步的在虚拟现实平台上得以展示。同步模拟的相关控制技术将被介绍,一个同步模拟的例子也将被展示。该系统提供了建筑火场与结构火灾反应之间的直观联系,相关技术可用作考虑结构危险程度的建筑火场逃生、扑救等虚拟训练。     

住宅建筑节能综合检测技术研究

分析了当前建筑节能检测与评价中的不足,提出建筑节能首先应对设计作出节能评价,介绍了几种建筑热环境模拟分析软件,探讨通过软件模拟与现场检测相结合的综合建筑节能检测技术,使其能较为真实、科学、全面的反映建筑的能耗状况.     

相变材料建筑节能应用效果的实验及数值模拟研究

相变材料具有高效的能量储存功能,与建筑材料复合制成有蓄热功能的新型节能建筑材料后,可应用在建筑结构中,发挥相变蓄热功能,控制建筑室内温度波动,增强建筑舒适度,更加有效地实现建筑节能。通过介绍相变蓄热建筑材料在建筑上的应用现状,对相变材料建筑节能效果进行实验模拟,阐述借助数值模拟软件和数学建模等手段进行数值模拟的研究方法和发展现状,提出相变材料建筑节能应用效果的研究方法和研究内容所存在的不足及发展潜力。     

An applied artificial intelligence approach towards assessing building performance simulation tools

With the development of modern computer technology, a large amount of building energy simulation tools is available in the market. When choosing which simulation tool to use in a project, the user must consider the tool's accuracy and reliability, considering the building information they have at hand, which will serve as input for the tool. This paper presents an approach towards assessing building performance simulation results to actual measurements, using artificial neural networks (ANN) for predicting building energy performance. Training and testing of the ANN were carried out with energy consumption data acquired for 1 week in the case building called the Solar House. The predicted results show a good fitness with the mathematical model with a mean absolute error of 0.9%. Moreover, four building simulation tools were selected in this study in order to compare their results with the ANN predicted energy consumption: Energy_10, Green Building Studio web tool, eQuest and EnergyPlus. The results showed that the more detailed simulation tools have the best simulation performance in terms of heating and cooling electricity consumption within 3% of mean absolute error.     

DeST — An integrated building simulation toolkit Part I: Fundamentals

Many building simulation programs have been developed all over the world since the computer-aided simulation technology was first applied in the 1960s. In early 1980s, Tsinghua University has started to develop a new building simulation tool DeST with the aims to benefit for practical and research use of building simulation related applications in China. DeST can be used to simulate and analyze both building energy consumption and HVAC (heating, ventilation and air-conditioning) system. It has been designed to aim improving the reliability of system design, to ensure the quality of the system performance, and to reduce energy consumption of buildings. This paper reviews the development history, state-of-the-art on the development of building simulation technology and introduces the main objective, structure, and core programs of DeST. The analytical verifications, inter-program comparisons, and empirical validations of DeST are also presented in this paper. The application of DeST will be introduced in part II of the companion paper.     

建筑环境设计模拟分析软件DeST第8讲自然通风与机械通风系统的联合模拟分析

建筑通风对建筑环境的影响是直接而迅速的,因此对建筑热环境的模拟必须解决建筑通风的模拟问题。建筑的通风包括自然通风和机械通风,二者本质相同并且经常是同时发生的,计算时应该一起考虑,而不是分离开来。详细介绍了建筑热环境模拟软件DeST中根据多区域网络模型和管道流体网络模型发展出来的建筑通风的统一的网络模型,介绍其求解方法,并给出了建筑中常见的通风支路阻力模型,实现了建筑热环境和自然通风真正的耦合模拟。通过介绍几个利用通风模拟来分析解决设计中问题的实例,指出了建筑通风模拟的应用范围和实际意义。     

概念设计阶段基于风环境模拟的设计研究——以青岛市延吉路112号商务区某地块为例

建筑的群体设计对建筑的整体自然通风起着决定性作用.风环境的预测模拟可指导群体布局和建筑单体的合理配置,从而有效改善建筑自身及区域风环境.以青岛市延吉路112号商务区某地块为例,利用风环境模拟软件Airpak探索建筑风环境预测模拟及分析的可行性方法及设计过程,意在为规划师、建筑师在设计过程中改善建筑风环境提供思路,从而创造出更加舒适安全的建筑环境.     

London 2012 Velodrome – integrating advanced simulation into the design process

The highly acclaimed London 2012 Velodrome indoor cycling arena, which has achieved BREEAM ‘excellent’, has been designed using a process which integrates considerable levels of complex building simulation across all design stages. This includes a wide range of airflow, thermal, daylight and energy models used to simultaneously support and drive the design as well as quantify the overall performance. Three building simulation competences associated with the integration of advanced simulation into the architectural design process have been identified: simulation competence, integration competence and holistic design competence. The Velodrome has been an exemplar in terms of the use of simulation to positively influence building orientation, form, detailing and performance.     

建筑环境设计模拟分析软件DeST--第一讲 建筑模拟技术与DeST发展简介

模拟技术自上世纪60年代应用于建筑业以来，取得了许多重要的成果，形成了若干建筑模拟软件。清华大学建筑技术科学系自80年代开始开发具有自己鲜明特点的建筑环境设计模拟分析软件-DeST(designer’s simulation toolkits)。DeST可用于建筑能耗模拟和环境控制系统的设计校核，起到提高设计质量、保证设计可靠性和降低系统能源消耗的作用。介绍了建筑模拟技术的发展历史，总结比较了各类模拟软件的特点，介绍了DeST的整体思想和构架，以及DeST可应用的领域。     

自然通风建筑能耗全年模拟研究

自然通风是降低建筑能耗的重要手段.现有的软件工具难以准确计算自然通风条件下的全年建筑能耗,限制了自然通风在建筑节能设计中的应用.本文从自然通风计算及耦合计箅两方面进行改进,提出了一套可靠、准确的自然通风与热环境耦合计算的模拟方法和对应的评价指标.而后,以建筑能耗模拟软件DeST为平台,开发出了自然通风风量及建筑能耗的全年逐时模拟软件DeST-Vent+.利用DeST-Vent+软件对北京地区3种自然通风类型下办公建筑的全年空调冷负荷进行了模拟计算,分析了不同通风形式的节能潜力.     

夏热冬暖地区别墅建筑重点部位节能效果研究

对位于夏热冬暖地区的一栋别墅建筑进行了夏季设计日动态能耗模拟和建筑整体全年能耗模拟,确定了该建筑重点节能部位的节能方案,并在完工后对这些重点部位进行了节能检测,以检验节能效果,实现了理论设计——实际应用——效果检验这一整体流程。     

楼宇设备自动化智能仿真系统分析

楼宇设备自动化智能仿真系统相对于楼宇自动化而言更为智能、科学，是一种新型的智能楼宇系统。本文选取楼宇中的冷站设备进行智能仿真系统的探讨，分析智能仿真系统的作用。