纳米碳材在传统耐火材料中的引入改性及应用

为了充分利用纳米碳材料的力学性、热稳定性等优异特性,根据耐火材料的概念和类型,将纳米碳材料科学的应用到多碳耐火材料、低碳耐火材料、碳化硅耐火材料等不同类型耐火材料中。介绍了耐火材料引入纳米碳材料的2种方法：直接添加法和原位生成法,并对比了2种引入方法的优点和缺点。研究结果表明：通过将碳纳米管、石墨烯纳米碳材料科学的应用到耐火材料中,可以最大限度提高抗热震性和抗侵蚀性等性能;纳米碳材料具有较高的应用价值和应用前景。还预测了纳米碳材料在耐火材料中的发展趋势。     

熔分深还原电炉炉衬侵蚀原因分析及提高炉龄措施

对熔分深还原电炉冶炼钒钛磁铁矿金属化球团过程中炉衬、出铁口及出渣口等部位耐火材料的侵蚀情况作了简要介绍,并对侵蚀原因进行了深入分析,认为高温、渣中氧化物对砖衬的化学侵蚀、渣铁的物理冲刷作用等是造成熔分深还原电炉耐火材料侵蚀严重的主要原因。针对熔分深还原电炉实际情况,提出了防止金属化球团氧化、控制冶炼温度、对炉衬进行热喷补是目前三种行之有效的提高熔分电炉炉龄的措施。     

高铁赤泥直接还原制备珠铁

以高铁赤泥、煤粉为主要原料制成含碳球团,通过高温直接还原熔分工艺制备珠铁,考察了温度、碳氧比、氟化钙含量对还原和熔分的影响,并对不同温度下的实验结果进行了动力学分析. 结果表明,温度和氟化钙含量为球团还原熔分的关键影响因素,在1400℃、碳氧比为1.2、氟化钙含量为2%时加热14 min渣铁实现较好分离,所得珠铁中碳、硫含量分别为2.72%(w)和0.48%(w). 动力学分析表明,高铁赤泥直接还原由碳的气化和气相扩散混合控速. 所得珠铁可作为一种炼钢原料,熔分渣是一种优质的提钪原料.     

氮化硅对烧成铝炭耐火材料的性能影响

通过在铝炭耐火材料中引入氮化硅及很细的铝粉,在埋碳烧成过程中氮化硅与碳或与铝反应生成少量赛隆相及碳化硅.适当引入氮化硅,降低了铝炭砖的氧化失重率,提高了其抗脱磷剂侵蚀的能力及砖的抗氧化性能.     

碳含量对反应熔渗法制备SiC晶须增强碳化硅陶瓷性能的影响研究

以SiC晶须作为增强体,通过酚醛树脂高温碳化裂解获得碳包覆的SiC晶须,与纳米碳化硅粉体、炭黑混合均匀形成复合陶瓷乙醇浆料.经过干燥、造粒、成型和排胶后获得SiCw-C-SiC素坯,利用反应熔渗法制备高体积分数的SiC晶须增强SiC陶瓷基复合材料.研究了碳黑含量对复合材料力学性能与显微结构的影响.通过扫描电镜照片显示,碳包覆的SiC晶须经高温反应熔渗后仍保持表面的竹节状形貌,且晶须与碳化硅基体间形成适中的界面结合强度,材料断口处有明显的晶须拔出;当炭黑含量为15wt％时,抗弯强度和断裂韧性达到最高值分别为315 MPa和4.85 MPa·m1/2,比未加晶须的SiC陶瓷抗弯强度提高了25％,断裂韧性提高了15％;当炭黑含量为20wt％时,复合材料中残留部分未反应的炭黑,制约其力学性能的提高.     

SiC质耐火材料的氧化机理

SiC材料是一种性能优良的耐火材料，具有高导热性，高抗热震性，良好的高温强度等优点，但是由于碳化硅在氧化性气体，如O2，CO2，水蒸汽中发生膨胀劣化，严重影响SiC耐火材料的使用湿度和应用范围，本文主要讨论不同结合剂类型的SiC耐火材料的氧化特征，并提出抗氧化的可能途径。     

石墨含量对Al2O3-C材料物理化学性能的影响

Al2O3-C材料具有较好的高温性能,广泛应用于连铸功能性耐火材料.为满足洁净钢技术的发展要求,本文研究了石墨含量对Al2O3-C材料物理化学性能的影响.以不同粒度的电熔白刚玉为主要原料,加入SiC微粉和金属Al抗氧化剂,以酚醛树酯为结合剂,研究了石墨含量对不同温度下Al2O3-C材料物理性能及抗渣侵蚀性的影响.结果显示,碳含量的降低,材料的显气孔率下降,体积密度增大,冷态和高温强度增加.不同碳含量的Al2O3-C材料都显示出良好的抗渣侵蚀性能.     

不定形耐火材料中碳和SiC的高温氧化性状

1.前言 在耐火材料中含碳和SiC等的材质很多。根据添加具有优良性能的碳和SiC,开发了只用氧化物无法实现的高热震稳定性和高耐渣性的碳砖和SiC-C质砖。最近,在不定形耐火材料中含有大量SiC和碳的浇注料也相继使用。不过,若添加大量的SiC和碳,虽然能改善热震稳定性等,但高温氧化气氛下的氧化损毁则     

氮化硅对烧成铝炭耐火材料的性能研究

通过在铝炭耐火材料中引入氮化硅及很细的铝粉,在埋碳烧成过程中氮化硅与碳或与铝反应生成少量赛隆相及碳化硅。适当引入氮化硅,降低了铝炭砖的氧化失重率,提高了其抗脱磷剂侵蚀的能力及砖的抗氧化性能。     

高炉用新型自结合碳化硅砖性能研究

借助XRD、SEM等技术,对新型自结合碳化硅砖的抗碱性、抗渣性和抗热震性等高炉耐火材料的关键使用性能进行了研究,并与Si3N4结合碳化硅高炉砖进行了对比。结果表明:这种新型自结合碳化硅砖热导率高,力学性能好,抗碱性、抗渣性和抗热震性优良,预计用作高炉内衬具有良好的应用前景。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。