炭/炭复合材料致密化工艺研究现状

综述了炭/炭复合材料制备过程中所采用致密化工艺的研究现状,详细分析了液相浸渍和化学气相渗积(CVI)的工艺原理。液相浸渍工艺需要进行多次反复浸渍,较为繁杂;等温CVI工艺简单、产品性能稳定,但制备周期长、效率较低。在此基础上发展了强制流动热梯度CVI、感应加热梯度快速致密化技术、等离子体增强CVI、直热式化学气相渗积法(HCVI)等工艺,本文同时对这些工艺的原理及优缺点进行了阐述。     

脉冲FCVI制备炭/炭复合材料的氧化行为

采用脉冲强制流动热梯度化学气相渗透工艺(IFCVI)制备了炭/炭复合材料(C/C复合材料),利用等温氧化实验对C/C复合材料在不同温度(673～1173 K)条件下的氧化行为进行了研究,并借助于扫描电子显微镜观察了C/C复合材料的氧化形貌.实验结果表明:C/C复合材料的基体在氧化反应中优先氧化,氧化反应速率随温度的升高而增大;在高于或低于临界温度973 K时,C/C复合材料的氧化反应分别受2种不同机制控制,其反应活化能分别为1.29×105 J/mol和2.94× 104 J/mol.     

CVI改性泡沫炭的研究

化学气相渗透技术是制备高性能C/C复合材料的一种重要方法。采用均热式CVI炉，对400℃不同压力下制备的泡沫炭进行化学气相渗透。分析了泡沫炭在CVI处理中的沉积过程，通过SEM观察了泡沫炭沉积形貌和热解炭的微观结构，测试了材料的力学性能。结果表明：利用CVI工艺能在较短的时间内对泡沫炭进行有效的致密，降低显气孔率。其中400℃，5MPa条件下制备的泡沫炭，CVI前后显气孔率下降最明显，由77.7%降到55.6%，降幅达到近30%；体积密度在CVI前后也显著增大，在400℃，5MPa条件下，由最初的0.434g/cm^3增大到0.825g/cm^3，增大0.9倍以上。泡沫炭基体中沉积一定量的热解炭，可以显著提高泡沫炭的抗压缩强度。400℃，4MPa制备条件下，CVI前后压缩强度增大将近6倍。     

CVI法制备先进陶瓷基复合材料

化学气相渗透(CVI)是最具潜力的先进陶瓷基复合材料(CMC)制备工艺。本文概要阐述了CVI技术的基本原理和工艺特点，对不同类型的CVI工艺进行了简单论述和评价，并提出了解决制件中大量残余气孔率的新思路、新方法，最后还对CVI技术的今后发展方向进行了展望。     

PyC/SiC界面改性C/C-SiC-ZrC复合材料的等离子烧蚀性能研究

以丙烯(C3H6),三氯甲基硅烷(MTS)为原料,利用化学气相渗透(CVI)技术在炭纤维预制体的纤维表面依次制备了热解炭(PyC)与碳化硅(SiC)界面层,随后结合CVI及前驱体浸渍裂解(PIP)工艺对材料进行增密,制得了密度为1.92 g/cm3的界面改性C/C-SiC-ZrC复合材料.利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)与扫...     

SiC陶瓷基体及抗氧化涂层

介绍了5种主要SiC基体的成型方法,分别是化学气相渗透(CVI)、聚合物先驱体浸渍-裂解法(PIP)、液相硅渗透法(LSI)、反应烧结法、化学气相反应法(CVR)。阐述了各种基体的组织结构、致密效率及陶瓷基复合材料的性能,其中CVI+PIP/LSI的复合成型技术可达到优化的制备过程,提高基体的组织结构和致密化效率;C/C及C/SiC复合材料表面化学气相转换法SiC涂层及多层涂层技术是提高CMC抗氧化性能的有效途径,并已得到工程实际验证。     

热梯度CVI制备炭/炭复合材料及其研究进展

按预制件内部的温度分布不同，可以认为，均热法及热梯度法是化学气相沉积制备炭／炭复合材料的两种基本工艺。对于圆筒或圆盘形工件，热梯度CVI具有增密快，炭的有效利用率高，可实现工业规模化生产的优点，是一种很有前景的CVI工艺。本文介绍了热梯度CVI制备炭／炭复合材料的工艺原理、工艺特点及其最新研究进展。     

先进陶瓷基复合材料制备技术-CVI法现状及进展

化学气相渗透法(CVI)是制备先进陶瓷基复合材料最赋潜力的技术.本文概要阐述了CVI法的原理与动力学机制,论述了CVI先进陶瓷基复合材料中纤维、基体、界面的研究现状,对不同类型的CVI工艺及目前的CVI模拟技术作了一定的评价,提出了CVI技术的发展方向和研究课题.     

化学气相沉积炭/炭复合材料研究进展

炭/炭复合材料被成功用于许多领域,主要用作抗烧蚀、热防护和刹车材料,如飞机的刹车盘、导弹的头锥等.化学气相沉积是制备炭/炭复合材料的关键技术,本文阐述了炭/炭复合材料化学气相沉积工艺原理,论述了化学气相沉积热解炭机理的研究现状,介绍了不同种类化学气相沉积工艺的特点,以及化学气相沉积工艺计算机数值模拟技术的研究进展.提出了炭/炭复合材料化学气相沉积技术的研究方向和发展趋势.     

生命周期评价法在炭/炭复合材料制备中的应用研究

生命周期评价法(LCA)是指用数学物理方法结合实验分析对某一过程、产品或事件的资源、能源消耗，以及废物排放、环境吸收和消化能力等环境负担性能进行评价，以定量确定该过程、产品或事件的环境合理性及环境负荷量大小的一种新型研究方法。输入／输出法是LCA中的一种重要方法，本研究利用该方法对炭／炭(C／C)复合材料两种制备工艺(等温和热梯度化学气相渗透)中的资源、能源消耗以及污染物排放进行了定量评估。结果表明，与热梯度工艺相比，等温化学气相渗透法消耗了更多的资源、能源，给环境造成了严重的负荷，等温化学气相渗透法需改进，热梯度化学气相渗透工艺有广阔的应用前景。     

高性能C/C复合材料制备工艺研究

对制备C/C复合材料的化学气相渗透工艺进行了系统的实验研究,着重分析了热解碳的沉积过程。研究表明,在化学气相渗透的初始阶段,热解碳主要在碳纤维表面沉积,并与碳纤维之间形成了界面结合;随后,热解碳的沉积继续填充碳纤维预制体内部的气孔。这一过程有助于缓解纤维与陶瓷基体之间的界面应力。研究表明,通过调节热解碳的沉积时间可以得到具有一定密度梯度的C/C复合材料。     

热梯度法化学气相渗温度控制

建立了热梯度法化学气相渗工艺（ＣＶＩ） 模型，计算了圆筒炭毡内的温度分布，给出热梯度法ＣＶＩ 工艺沉积温度的控制方法。利用这种方法，采用热梯度法ＣＶＩ 工艺，在１００ ｈ 之内成功地制备出内径１６０ ｍ ｍ 、高３９０ ｍ ｍ 、厚２０ｍ ｍ 的圆筒炭毡增强Ｃ／Ｃ 复合材料，密度达到１ ．６ ｇ／ｃｍ ３ 。     

Oxidation behavior of C/SiC-SiBCN composites at high temperature

In order to improve the anti-oxidation performance of C/SiC composites at high temperature, C/SiC composites should be modified by self-healing components. SiBCN ceramic is an ideal self-healing component because of excellent oxidation resistance and thermal stability. C/SiC composites were modified by PDC SiBCN ceramic (C/SiC-SiBCN) by using CVI combined with polymer infiltration and on-line pyrolysis (PI-OP). The oxidation behaviors of C/SiC composites fabricated by CVI method and C/SiC-SiBCN composites fabricated by CVI + PI-OP method and CVI + PIP method at different temperatures in air were compared. The results showed that the strength retention ratios of the composites fabricated by the three methods decreased with the increase of temperature. Compared with the samples fabricated by the other two methods, the weight loss of the samples fabricated by CVI + PI-OP method was greater, but the strength retention ratio was higher.     

The influence of thermal gradient on pyrocarbon deposition in carbon/carbon composites during the CVI process

A thermal gradient CVI process was investigated. A graphite heater in the center of a carbon felt disk preform was heated by Joule heating to a temperature of 900 °C, the carbon felt had a low thermal conductivity, and the rapid natural gas flow cooled the exterior surface of the preform. The rate constant of the chemical vapor deposition reaction increased exponentially with increasing temperatures with pyrocarbon being formed only in the designated deposition zone. Plugging of surface pores in the preforms, which often occurs in the isothermal CVI technology was unusual in this thermal gradient CVI process. As the deposition process went on, the deposited zone moved progressively towards the outside surface of the preform. The electrical resistance between two electrodes decreased gradually while the power of the thermal gradient CVI furnace increased non-linearly with the progressive densification. The temperature distribution in the thermal gradient furnace changed non-linearly with time and position. The relationship between temperature and position in the deposition zone followed the classical Fourier law. The microstructure of pyrocarbon at different positions was discussed.     

Effect of initial density on thermal conductivity of new micro-pipeline heat conduction C/SiC composites

C/SiC composites prepared by chemical vapor infiltration technique (CVI) have been regarded as thermal structural materials widely. However, these composites still suffer from poor functional properties like low thermal conductivity, especially in thickness direction of the composites, limiting their large-scale applications. Herein, mesophase pitch based carbon fiber (MPCF) and continuous wave laser machining were utilized to construct highly effective heat conductive micro-pipelines within CVI C/SiC composite. The effect of initial density on the final density and thermal conductivity of the as-obtained MPCF-C/SiC composites were investigated. The results revealed that higher initial density would directly enhance the thermal conductivity and reduce the negative impact of the bottle-neck effect. At temperatures between 100°C and 500°C, MPCF-C/SiC composites preserved more than threefold of the thermal conductivity (340%) when compared to reference C/SiC composites. This work provides a highly effective route for enhancing the thermal conductivity of C/SiC, which would broaden their future applications.     

C／C SiC复合材料制备方法及应用现状

介绍了C／C-SiC复合材料的制备方法,分析了各种制备方法的优缺点,尤其对常用的PIP法和新发展起来的“CVI＋PIP”混合工艺进行了重点介绍。描述了当前C／C-SiC复合材料作为高温热结构材料和摩擦材料的应用发展状况。对当前C／C-SiC复合材料的制备及应用存在的问题及以后的研究重点进行了分析。     

C/C复合材料CVI致密化过程及影响因素研究进展

综述了C/C复合材料CvI致密化过程中,气相反应、表面反应和扩散共同作用控制热解炭沉积的特点;讨论了沉积温度、气体压力、碳源气体种类、滞留时间、预制体等因素的影响.     

3D C/SiC复合材料的孔隙率与性能的关系

用浸债裂解法（PIP）和均效化学气相渗透法（ICVI）混合工艺制备了3DC／SiC复合材料,研究了3DC／SiC复合材料中基体含量。孔隙分布特征与复合材料性能的关系。结果表明,基体中CVI－SiC相对含量增加,开孔率增加,闭孔率减少,复合材料的弯曲强度和抗氧化性能提高。孔隙对复合材料性能的影响关系是由两种基体的特点、结构、致密化工艺及氧化机理决定的。     

Microstructure and elastic properties of individual components of C/C composites

Carbon fiber reinforced carbon matrix (C/C) composites are often used for structural and frictional applications at a wide range of temperatures due to their excellent mechanical and thermal properties. Tailoring of mechanical properties through optimization of microstructure is critical for achieving maximum composite performance. This article addresses the evolution of the fiber and matrix microstructure and related nano-mechanical properties in two different C/C composites after being subjected to heat treatment at temperatures between 1800 and 2400 °C. Microstructure and corresponding nano-mechanical properties of C/C composites were studied using Polarized Light Microscopy (PLM), High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM) and nanoindentation techniques. Increased heat treatment temperature (HTT) led to formation of a better-organized microstructure of fiber and matrix and also to formation of thermal cracks. The elastic modulus of rough laminar CVI pyrocarbon decreased from 18 to 12 GPa with increased HTT. In contrast, the isotropic CVI pyrocarbon and charred resin matrix displayed only a slight change of elastic modulus. The elastic modulus of PAN fiber increased from 18 to 34 GPa, indicating the development of a better-organized microstructure in the fiber-axial direction.