加筋土坡地震稳定性的拟动力分析

研究加筋土坡在地震惯性力影响下的稳定问题。采用拟动力的方法表示作用在土坡滑动体上的水平与竖直地震惯性力。由于研究对象为加筋的土坡,所以引入水平条分法来研究加筋土坡的筋材拉力,并通过公式推导,设置算例研究土坡坡角、土体内摩擦角、地震加速度系数等因素对加筋效果的影响。结果表明:加筋拉力随地震加速度系数(k_h =0.0、0.15、0.3)的增大而增大,随土坡坡角(60°~90°)增大而增大,随土体内摩擦角增大而减小。       

考虑张裂缝的地震边坡屈服加速度计算方法研究

传统边坡地震稳定性分析方法鲜有考虑土体拉裂破坏引起的张裂缝。基于极限平衡-拟静力法建立了水平地震力和竖向地震力作用下的力与力矩平衡方程,运用变分理论获得其临界破坏面及其对应的正应力分布,考虑土体没有抗拉强度建立考虑张裂缝的地震边坡屈服加速度的闭合解答。张裂缝的出现会显著降低地震边坡的稳定性,对于垂直边坡将达到50%。当边坡坡度较大时,竖向地震力向下作用获得的屈服加速度更小,当边坡坡度较小时,竖向地震力向上作用获得的屈服加速度更小。     

含锯齿状结构面的岩质边坡稳定性拟动力分析

为了研究含有锯齿状结构面的岩质边坡稳定性，结合锯齿状结构面的剪切强度经验公式，综合考虑结构面参数、锚固效应、地震作用以及地下水位深度等因素的影响，基于改进的拟动力法推导了加锚结构面边坡抗滑稳定性安全系数计算式，并分析了岩石边坡稳定性的影响因素，结果表明：锯齿状结构面的抗剪强度与起伏角呈线性关系，随着起伏角的增大而增大；随着地震系数、滑动面倾角、水位深度、边坡倾角以及土体重度的增加，边坡稳定性降低，随着内摩擦角的增大而提高；锚固力越大，岩体的抗剪强度增大，边坡抗滑稳定性提高，但是锚固角的增大对边坡的稳定性起着负面效应。     

Multi-factor sensitivity analysis of shallow unsaturated clay slope stability

An unsaturated clay slope, with various sloping angles and a thickness of 14 m, consists of backfill, slope soil and residual soil. Slide interfaces were determined by geophysical approaches and the original slope was reconstructed. Sub-slope masses were classified based on the varieties of sloping angle. A force recursive principle was proposed to calculate the stability coefficient of the sub-slope masses. The influencing factors such as sloping angle, water content, hydrostatic pressure, seismic force as well as train load were analyzed. The range and correlation of the above-mentioned factors were discussed and coupled wave equations were established to reflect the relationships between unit weight, cohesion, internal frictional angle, and water content, as well as between internal frictional angle and cohesion. The sensitivity analysis of slope stability was carried out and susceptive factors were determined when the factors were taken as independent and dependent variables respectively. The results show that sloping angle, water content and earthquake are the principal susceptive factors influencing slope stability. The impact of hydrostatic pressure on slope stability is similar to the seismic force in quantity. Train load plays a small role in slope stability and its influencing only reaches the roadbed and its neighboring slope segment. If the factors are taken as independent variables, the influencing extent of water content and cohesion on slope stability can be weakened and train load can be magnified.     

基于振动台试验的含软弱夹层堆积体边坡动力响应规律与失稳破坏现象研究

针对川藏铁路沿线典型潜在滑坡灾害点,设计完成了几何相似比为1:10的含软弱夹层堆积体高陡边坡振动台试验,从堆积体边坡失稳破坏现象与动力响应规律等方面开展了系统研究,得出以下结论:边坡滑塌是一个均衡渐进的过程,地震初期,在重力和地震力耦合作用下,滑体表面出现土体剥落;随着地震动持续,滑体顶部开裂,滑体表面裂缝增多并向前缘...     

Limit analysis on seismic stability of anisotropic and nonhomogeneous slopes with anti-slide piles

This study employs the limit analysis method to evaluate the seismic stability of anisotropic and nonhomogeneous slopes stabilized with anti-slide piles. The pseudo-static approach is used to simplify the earthquake load. The yield seismic acceleration factor is obtained from the optimization procedure and the results are verified with the published data. Then, the seismically-unstable slope is reinforced with anti-slide piles, and the seismic stability of the reinforced slope is explored. The results show that the anisotropy and nonhomogeneity of soils have significant effects on the stabilizing force required from the anti-slide piles and the optimal location of the pile is near the toe of the slope.     

地震力作用下的黄土边坡稳定性分析

地震过程中,最大峰值加速度是一个随机量,不宜作为地震动特性的标志,因此,利用均方根加速度,计算相应的地震力,然后根据正弦函数曲线把地震力加载在不同土层的黄土边坡中.对黄土边坡在地震力作用下的安全性进行比较研究,为黄土边坡抗震设计提供参考依据.     

Influences of nonassociated flow rules on three-dimensional seismic stability of loaded slopes

The influences of soil dilatancy angle on three-dimensional (3D) seismic stability of locally-loaded slopes in nonassociated flow rule materials were investigated using a new rotational collapse mechanism and quasi-static coefficient concept. Extended Bishop method and Boussinesq theorem were employed to establish the stress distribution along the rupture surfaces that are required to obtain the rate of internal energy dissipation for the nonassociated flow rule materials in rotational collapse mechanisms. Good agreement was observed by comparing the current results with those obtained using the translational or rotational mechanisms and numerical finite difference method. The results indicate that the seismic stability of slopes reduces by decreasing the dilatancy angle for nonassociated flow rule materials. The amount of the mentioned decrease is more significant in the case of mild slopes in frictional soils. A nearly infinite slope under local loading, whether its critical failure surface is 2D or 3D, not only depends on the magnitude of the external load, but also depends on the dilatancy angle of soil and the coefficient of seismic load.     

动力作用下锚杆格构支护土质边坡动态响应分析

地震边坡稳定性是岩土工程和地震工程中研究的重点问题之一。针对锚杆格构支护的均质土坡在地震荷载作用下的动力响应,通过振动台模型试验,分析了不同坡高地震加速度和速度响应规律、边坡位移特征及支护结构破坏特征,揭示了均质土坡及其支护结构在地震作用下的变形破坏机理。结果表明:随着振动次数的增加,边坡模型自振频率逐渐降低;低频动荷载作用下坡体上部加速度响应最大,但随着振动频率的增加,放大作用降低,即边坡对低频振动波有放大作用,而对高频振动波却有滤波作用;振动频率较小时,坡体整体速度较大,但不同高度差异较小,破坏并不明显;振动频率接近模型边坡自振频率时,坡体上部速度最大,下部速度最小,且变化明显,破坏性最大;动荷载作用过程中,滑坡体的变形模式表现为旋转位移和水平位移,滑体和基体间相对位移上部较大;支护结构破坏时,上层锚杆和中层锚杆被拔出,上部格构发生严重隆起;虽然边坡做往复运动,但最终仍有一定相对位移;在设计支护结构时,要适当加长上部锚杆的长度,并且对中、上部格构进行补强。     

临河岩质边坡地震抗倾覆稳定性拟动力分析

基于拟动力法推导出不同工况条件下临河岩质边坡地震抗倾覆稳定安全系数计算公式。通过参数分析,研究不同岩体放大系数下,水平和垂直地震力、张裂缝积水深度、边坡超载、锚固效应、流水淘蚀等对岩质边坡地震抗倾覆稳定性的影响,研究表明,不同工况下,张裂缝积水深度、水平地震力、流水淘蚀不利于岩质边坡地震抗倾覆稳定,但竖向地震力、锚固力、锚固高度、坡顶超载等有利于岩质边坡地震抗倾覆稳定;随着岩体放大系数的增加,水平地震力、竖向地震力对岩质边坡抗倾覆稳定性的影响增大,坡顶超载、张裂缝积水深度、锚固应力、锚固高度、临河水位对岩质边坡抗倾覆稳定性的影响减小,而锚固倾角、坡脚淘蚀高度对边坡抗倾覆稳定性的影响基本不变。     

木本植物根系对边坡稳定性影响分析

根据木本植物根系对边坡提供轴向力和抗剪力的原理,采用不同根系长度下的抗拔力的取值,建立根系固坡模型并进行数值模拟分析。在模拟过程中,针对根系长度、密度和降雨条件等主要影响因素,研究其对边坡稳定性的影响。结果表明:木本植物根系的存在能够提高土体的抗剪强度,增加边坡的稳定性,使边坡更加趋于稳定;木本植物根系长度的增加和密度的变大,都会增大边坡的安全系数;在降雨条件下,植物根系仍能增大边坡的安全系数,对边坡有一定的加固效果。     

Study of Slope Reinforcement Force Based on FLAC

A slope will slide if the unbalanced force does not tend to zero when the stability of the slope is analyzed with the help of FLAC. Thus the ultimate reason of slope sliding is the unbalanced force determined by FLAC. The slope will remain stable if the unbalanced force is counterbalanced by a reinforcement force which is produced by a suitable reinforcement method. In this paper, the stability of the slope was analyzed by using FLAC, and the unbalanced force of the slope was obtained through the FISH function in FLAC. According to the equilibrium conditions, the relationship between the reinforcement force and unbalanced force was derived and accordingly the reinforcement force was determined. The reinforcement design was adopted by using pre-stressed anchor bars on the basis of the reinforcement force. An example is used to show that the effect of slope reinforcement based on the reinforcement force is safe and economical. The method doesn＇t need to suppose a sliding surface to obtain the reinforcement force, and it is also clear in physical meaning. So this method realized the organic unification of the stability analysis and the slope reinforcement.     

不同影响因子对落石运动距离影响的试验研究

通过振动台试验研究了在不同地震波峰值加速度、正弦波频率及坡形下不同形状与尺寸落石的运动距离,明确了地震作用下边坡落石对坡脚建（构）筑物的影响。研究表明：随着地震波峰值加速度增加,落石运动距离呈现增大趋势,且球形落石运动距离最大,圆柱体形和方形次之,长方体形最小。随着边坡坡角的增加,不同形状落石运动距离先增大后减小,当边坡角度为50°时达到最大值;随着边坡坡高增加,不同形状落石运动距离不断增大。随着地震波频率增大,落石运动距离先减小后增大,且不同形状落石对其最大运动距离的影响从大到小依次为：球形、圆柱体形、方形、长方体形,通过概率统计得出落石在距离坡脚1.6H区间内分布最多,为坡脚建（构）筑物的防护设计提供参考。     

Seismic failure mechanisms for loaded slopes with associated and nonassociated flow rules

Seismic failure mechanisms were investigated for soil slopes subjected to strip load with upper bound method of limit analysis and finite difference method of numerical simulation, considering the influence of associated and nonassociated flow rules. Quasi-static representation of soil inertia effects using a seismic coefficient concept was adopted for seismic failure analysis. Numerical study was conducted to investigate the influences of dilative angle and earthquake on the seismic failure mechanisms for the loaded slope, and the failure mechanisms for different dilation angles were compared. The results show that dilation angle has influences on the seismic failure surfaces, that seismic maximum displacement vector decreases as the dilation angle increases, and that seismic maximum shear strain rate decreases as the dilation angle increases.     

Shaking table test and numerical simulation on the effect of reinforcement on the seismic safety of dam slopes

The seismic safety of the reinforcement dam slope is studied through shaking table test and numerical simulation.The dynamic characteristics of dam slopes,failure mechanism,seismic stability,as well as the effect of reinforcement during earthquakes are discussed.An elasto-plastic analysis method (FLAC) is used to simulate the dynamic failure process of the reinforcement dam slope.The change law of permanent displacement of dam slope is studied.The effect of the length and the space of reinforcement on the depth of slip surface and the slope stability are investigated.Good agreement is obtained between the numerical results and those from shaking table tests.The results show that the dynamic failure is a gradual process not at a particular time.With the increase of the reinforcement length or the decreasing reinforcement spacing,the slip surface becomes deeper and thus the slope stability is improved.The reinforcement can obviously enhance the overall stability of slope dam.It can also effectively control the shallow sliding of slope.These researches provide basic data for reinforcement measures design of earth-rockfill dam.     

大理西站支护边坡振动台试验及数值模拟

以云南省大理西站支护边坡工程为依托,开展边坡振动台试验和数值分析,得到双排抗滑桩的弯矩、锚杆轴力、坡面加速度响应规律及边坡的最终破坏情况. 试验表明：坡面加速度响应规律与测点相对位置有关,测点相对位置越高,加速度响应越明显;坡体裂缝影响岩土体动力特性,在裂缝出现后坡体加速度响应规律会发生显著变化;在地震下抗滑桩弯矩分布接近抛物线形状,弯矩的最大值靠近岩土分界线的下方,抗滑桩弯矩随输入地震波幅值增大成非线性增长;锚杆在4 m/s²地震峰值时刻的动轴向力大于静轴向力的3倍,地震作用是锚杆受力大小的决定因素;由于锚杆的作用,边坡的最终破坏面位于边坡2#的深部,此破裂面位置由边坡2#的中上部土体的滑移破坏与下部土体的越顶破坏组成.     

基于M-P水平条分法的加筋土坡稳定性计算方法

土坡水平加筋是一种使用广泛的加筋方式,但常用的垂直条分法无法有效地分析水平筋材的效果。研究采用Morgenstern-Price水平条分法分析新型加筋土坡的稳定性,根据条块力与力矩平衡,分别推导出安全系数Fs和比例系数λ的表达式,迭代得到计算结果。通过与水平条分简布法和水平瑞典法的算例对比分析,证明方法具有可行性,为边坡工程加筋技术提供理论参考。     

强震下抗滑桩加固边坡土体的稳定机制及动力响应探讨

运用ABAQUS有限元软件,建立有桩和无桩2种均质土质边坡模型,采用Newmark-β方法对在强震下的有桩和无桩2种情况的边坡进行时程分析,得到了2种情况下边坡速度、加速度和位移等方面的响应,经过对比分析,得出抗滑桩提高边坡稳定性的机理。结果表明,边坡在某一方向地震波作用下,有无抗滑桩的边坡动力响应有一定差别：速度和加速度方面,2者结果相差不大;位移方面,无抗滑桩的边坡位移明显大于有抗滑桩的边坡位移。由此可见抗滑桩在提高边坡位移稳定性方面起到了很大的作用。本文可为实际工程中边坡的加固设计提供一定的理论依据．     

地震荷载作用下双层填土的主动土压力计算

针对挡土墙后为成层黏性填土的情况,提出一种地震土压力计算方法.在Mononobe-Okabe理论的基本假定下,考虑了填土黏聚力及墙土接触面上的黏着力,推导出双层填土的地震主动土压力计算表达式.在单层无黏性填土条件下,该公式可以退化为Mononobe-Okabe公式.参数分析结果表明:地震主动土压力随水平地震加速度的增大而增大,随竖向地震加速度的增大而减小;水平向和竖向地震荷载对土压力值的影响显著.算例分析结果表明原有的分层法计算得到的地震土压力值是偏大的.     

Experimental study on performance of multidirectional geogrid and its application in engineering of high slope

By analyzing the grille mechanical property, tensile strength and creep tests, and the fi eld tests, we investigated the characteristics and the reinforcement principle of multidirectional geogrid, and obtained the effect factors of grid characteristics, load and time curve and the shear stress of grille and sand interface. The reinforcement effect of geogrid in combination of typical project cases was illustrated and the following conclusions were presented. Firstly, multidirectional geogrid has ability to resist structural deformation, node distortion or soil slippage under stress, and can effectively disperse load. Secondly, with the increase of tensile rate, grille intensity increases and the creep value also increases with the increase of load. Thirdly, the frictional resistance balance between horizontal thrust of damaged zone and reinforced soil in stable region can avoid slope failure due to excessive lateral deformation. Fourthly, the multidirectional geogrid is able to withstand the vertical, horizontal and diagonal forces by combing them well with three-dimensional orientation, realizing the purpose of preventing soil erosion and slope reinforcement, which has a wide range of application and development in engineering fi eld.