在线电解修整砂轮磨轴承钢外圆表面

圆柱面精加工在不同领域的用途越来越广泛，与此相关的高效、高水平的制造技术对当代工业有着十分重要的意义。为实现工件外表面高效磨削，本文介绍了使用金属结合荆立方氮化硼（CBN）砂轮在线电解修整（ELID）技术的磨削试验。试验中使用静压砂轮轴外圆磨床和多种不同粒度的砂轮，分析了往复式和切入式磨削方式中磨粒尺寸对表面粗糙度、波纹度、圆度和表面应力的影响，同时将ELID修整方法与其它方法进行了比较，采用4000号CIB—CBN砂轮进行了不同材料的镜面磨削，得出了ELID在小批量生产中，工件产生压应力，并且磨削成本较普通磨削低的结论。     

电镀CBN砂轮磨削内孔的研究

本文就国内现状研究了CBN电镀砂轮磨削GCr15钢的磨削力、金属切除率、砂轮磨损及表面粗糙度的变化规律。探讨了这些规律产生的机理,并对实际应用提出了相应的意见和解决的对策。     

GCr15钢平面磨削力仿真分析与实验研究

目的 对不同磨削工艺参数下的平面磨削力进行预测,对磨削机理进行研究,进而控制磨削加工质量。方法 考虑CBN砂轮表面磨粒形状的多样性、姿态的多样性和空间分布的随机性,建立CBN砂轮模型,对GCr15材料模型进行有限元砂轮磨削仿真。同时使用CBN砂轮,采用不同的工件进给速度对GCr15进行单因素平面磨削实验,使用三坐标测力仪测量不同磨削参数下的磨削力。结果 建立的仿真砂轮模型的表面形貌与真实砂轮接近,仿真砂轮上的磨粒出刃高度均服从正态分布,与实际砂轮一致。对比随机多面体磨粒模型和真实CBN磨粒照片,两者形貌相似。磨削力实验和仿真结果表明,工件进给速度由3 m/min增大到18 m/min时,磨削力逐渐增大,仿真所得法向磨削力最大误差远小于切向磨削力。结论 实验结果与仿真结果具有一致性,证明了砂轮磨削有限元仿真模型可用于磨削力预测。因为仿真中无法考虑实际砂轮尺寸和砂轮表面结合剂对磨削的影响,结果具有一定误差,仿真的准确性有待进一步提高。研究结果为使用有限元方法研究磨削机理和控制磨削加工质量提供了思路。     

氧化铝陶瓷ELID高效磨削技术的研究

陶瓷材料具有优异的机械性能，其应用越来越广泛。然而由于陶瓷的高硬度及其易碎性使其难于加工。在线电解修整磨削技术已经被应用于硬脆材料的超精密加工，由于可以实现砂轮的在线修整，尤其被广泛应用于细粒度砂轮的磨削中。本文在平面磨床上应用铸铁结合剂金刚石砂轮与ELID磨削技术进行高效磨削研究。实验结果表明，在同样的磨削条件下，采用ELID磨削时的磨削力约为使用树脂结合剂砂轮磨削力的2／5～3／5。实验结果说明采用ELID磨削技术加工效率可以得到极大提高。而且，在线电解修整作用可以保持砂轮的锋锐性，有利于保持硬脆材料高效磨削的连续性。     

细纱机锭杆CBN砂轮成形磨削及修整方法研究

本研究采用CBN砂轮代替传统的棕刚玉砂轮,进行了细纱机锭杆表面成形磨削实验研究.锭杆材料选用热轧轴承钢GCr15.磨削在无锡产M11100专用磨床上进行,CBN砂轮为CBN-850磨料、粒度160#、浓度100%、硬度为J-K.砂轮主轴转速提高到2000 r/min,采用英国产泰勒索夫5对加工表面进行测量,结果表明锭杆表面粗糙度由Ra 0.8降低到Ra0.4 μm.精度由IT8提高到IT6.用酸蚀法检测锭杆表面,结果显示完全克服了磨削烧伤现象;采用金相显微镜测定表面变质层达到0.035 mm以下.由于CBN砂轮磨粒耐磨、锋利,使得砂轮修整次数大大减少,生产效率提高20倍以上.文中还阐述了采用计算机数控系统修整砂轮成形面的原理.     

钎焊CBN砂轮与陶瓷CBN砂轮磨削粉末冶金高温合金的加工性能对比研究

采用钎焊CBN砂轮和陶瓷CBN砂轮进行FGH96粉末冶金高温合金磨削对比试验,从磨削力与温度、表面粗糙度以及砂轮磨损等方面对CBN砂轮磨削性能进行评价.结果表明:钎焊CBN砂轮磨削力接近或低于陶瓷CBN砂轮的;在较低进给速度下(≤360 mm/min),钎焊CBN砂轮磨削温度与陶瓷CBN砂轮的相近,在较高进给速度下(≥...     

不同CBN砂轮高速加工PTMCs的磨削性能对比

为分析CBN砂轮高速磨削颗粒增强钛基复合材料(particulate reinforced titanium matrix composites,PTMCs)的磨削性能,采用3种CBN砂轮开展PTMCs的高速磨削试验,对比研究其磨削力、温度、表面粗糙度及表面形貌。结果表明:相对陶瓷砂轮,钎焊砂轮的法向磨削力减小16.2%～40.4%、切向力减小25.2%～44.4%,磨削温度降低了26.0%～74.3%;相对电镀砂轮,钎焊砂轮的法向磨削力减小7.1%～31.1%、切向力减小23.3%～31.1%,磨削温度降低了14.5%～58.9%;钎焊砂轮在加工中表现出了最低的磨削力和温度,获得了最低的表面粗糙度和最好的表面质量,表面粗糙度可以达到0.60～0.77 μm。因此,在高速磨削PTMCs时,钎焊砂轮更具优势。      

单层钎焊CBN砂轮磨削CSS-42L钢的试验研究

采用单层钎焊CBN砂轮开展了切入式磨削CSS-42L钢的试验,测试了磨削过程中的磨削力和磨削温度,研究了磨削用量(切深和工件进给速度)对磨削力、工件表面温度和磨削比能的影响规律,并和白刚玉砂轮进行了对比。研究结果表明:磨削深度对磨削力和磨削温度的影响最为明显,而工件速度的影响不明显;相同情况下,采用单层钎焊CBN砂轮磨削CSS-42L时的磨削力、温度、比能都低于白刚玉砂轮,亦即在切入式磨削CSS-42L钢时,单层钎焊CBN砂轮的磨削加工性能优于白刚玉砂轮。     

石榴石铁氧体的ELID高效磨削

铁氧体、光学玻璃、陶瓷等硬脆材料已经在许多领域获得了广泛的应用。因此有必要研究这类材料的高效磨削方法。本文在平面磨床上采用铸铁结合剂金刚石砂轮在线电解修整方法（ELID）进行了高效磨削实验。分别采用铸铁结合剂金刚石砂轮ELID磨削技术与树脂结合剂金刚石砂轮对石榴石铁氧体工件进行了加工。实验结果表明在同样的磨削条件下，采用ELID磨削技术时的磨削力约为使用树脂结合剂砂轮磨削力的2/5-3/5。实验结果说明采用ELID磨削技术可以提高加工效率，同时保证加工后的表面质量。     

CBN砂轮磨肖IjSKH模具钢纳米缀表面的研究

本研究以不同系列SKH模具钢材作前置加工,再用精密砂轮磨削达Ra=10～15μm预留为微细加工部分,然后又以CBN砂轮精密研磨模具钢表面。探讨不同主轴转速、进给率及工件硬度之一些加工机制,包括CBN砂轮特性,磨削力、工件表面粗糙度及磨痕显微相片等变化。结果显示在较低硬度SKH51模具钢磨削时提高转速时明显改善表面粗糙度,但是对较高硬度SKH59模具钢磨削时转速的影响较不显著。此外,当较低磨削速度时,磨削力变化很大,造成工件表面粗糙质量变化相当显著。但当较高磨削速度时,磨削力变化几乎维持原水平,导致工件表面粗糙度质量改善趋于缓和,无法再进一步得到较精致表面粗糙度。     

在线电解修整(ELID)超精密磨削中的金刚石磨具特性研究

ELID(Electrolytic In-process Dressing)磨削技术是在电化学加工、电解磨削原理基础上发展起来的一项磨削新技术,主要用于硬脆材料超精密磨削过程中金属基结合剂超硬微细磨粒砂轮的在线修整.本文以金刚石微粉砂轮在线电解修整(ELID)磨削氮化硅陶瓷为例,着重研究了磨具特性对硬脆材料超精密磨削过程的影响.研究表明,磨具组织沿砂轮圆周的不均匀性将会导致砂轮表面钝化膜状态的不一致,这将直接影响砂轮局部参与切削的磨粒数量,影响单个磨料的实际磨削厚度.这首先将对工件表面的磨削质量,特别是对表面粗糙度产生直接影响,同时也非常不利于实现材料的高效去除.     

A fundamental study on the mechanism of electrolytic in-process dressing (ELID) grinding

Demands for high quality surface finish, dimensional and form accuracy are required for optical surfaces and it is very difficult to achieve these using conventional grinding methods. Electrolytic in-process dressing (ELID) grinding is one new and efficient method that uses a metal-bonded diamond grinding wheel in order to achieve a mirror surface finish especially on hard and brittle materials. However, studies reported so for have not explained the fundamental mechanism of ELID grinding and so it has been studied here by conducting experiments to establish optimal grinding parameters to obtain better surface finish under various in-process dressing conditions. In this research the results show that the cutting forces are unstable throughout the grinding process due to the breakage of an insulating layer formed on the surface of the grinding wheel; however, a smoother surface can be obtained using a high dressing current duty ratio at the cost of high tool wear. ELID grinding is efficient for feed rates of less than 400 mm/min, and surface cracks are observed when it exceeds this limit.     

应用ELID技术进行微晶玻璃超精密磨削

由于微晶玻璃具有优良的物理、机械性能，在光学等领域得到了越来越多的应用。ELID磨削利用在线．电解的方法修整超细粒度的金刚石砂轮，可以有效地实现硬脆材料的超精密加工。本文将ELID磨削技术应用于微晶玻璃的超精密加工，通过改进ELID磨削的关键技术，包括砂轮电火花整形、电解修整电源和ELID磨削液的改进，实现了微晶玻璃的超精密磨削加工，同时通过采用原子力显微镜对不同磨削参数下的工件表面进行分析，以保证在塑性状态下对微晶玻璃进行磨削。因此提高了ELID磨削的质量。获得了Ra2．308nm的较好表面质量。     

ELID grinding and tribological characteristics of TiAlN film

This paper presents the results of electrolytic in-process dressing (ELID) grinding experiments performed on TiAlN film and characterization of the tribological characteristics of the produced films. In advanced films coated by physical vapor deposition, such as CrN and TiAlN, the low surface roughness required for attaining superior tribological characteristics is difficult to attain by use of only a coating process. ELID of grinding wheels improves wheel performance, enabling the attainment of specular finishes on brittle materials, with surface roughness on the nanometer scale (4 to 6 nm). In the present study, high-quality TiAlN film surfaces were fabricated by the ELID technique, typically achieving a surface roughness of around Ra 0.0024 μm by employment of a SD#30,000 wheel. Scanning electron microscopy reveals that ELID improved the finish, as indicated by the shape of grinding marks. Chemical element analysis by an energy-dispersed x-ray diffraction system suggests that ELID grinding formed an oxide layer in the machined surface of TiAlN film. Therefore, in addition to the highly smooth surface, an oxide layer formed by ELID grinding imparts superior tribological properties to ELID-ground TiAlN film.     

Mirror surface grinding for brittle materials with in-process electrolytic dressing

Use of a diamond wheel with superabrasive is required for mirror-like surface grinding of brittle materials. However, conventional dressing methods cannot apply to the diamond wheel with superabrasive. Recently, an electrolytic dressing method was developed for use with a cast iron-bonded diamond wheel and superabrasive. This technique can replace lapping and polishing. Using electrolytic dressing, surface roughness of the workpiece was improved significantly, and the grinding force was very low and the continuity of the grinding force was also improved. The purpose of this study was to achieve mirror-like surface grinding of ferrite with electrolytic dressing of a metal-bonded diamond wheel. For application of ultraprecision grinding for brittle material, superabrasive, air spindle, and in-process electrolytic dressings were used. Additionally, the effects of pick current and pulse width on ground surface were investigated, and suitable dressing conditions for ferrite were determined.     

A study on ELID ultra precision grinding of optical glass with acoustic emission

ELID grinding of BK7 glass and Zerodur was investigated using acoustic emission. Experiments showed that the contacting area between the wheel and workpiece in a grinding process was critical to influence wheel loading for a fine grit size resin-bonded cup wheel. ELID can be used for efficient material removal when the wheel/workpiece contacting area is large. Correlations were observed between the dressing intensity on the ELID wheel and the detected AE signals. Aggressive ELID dressing parameters for grinding with finer grit size wheels corresponded to a lower AE level. With an increase in the processing time of an ELID wheel, low and stable AE amplitudes became large with fluctuations due to the deterioration of the grinding wheel. Results indicate that the AE sensing technique has the potential to be adopted as an effective method for monitoring an ultra precision grinding process, identifying the condition of the grinding wheel and investigating the mechanism of ELID grinding.     

冷轧钢渗碳处理后的ELID磨削效果及加工表面硬度实验研究

本文采用在线电解修整磨削技术,对经渗碳处理后的冷轧钢进行超精密镜面磨削试验,获得表面粗糙度达Ra6～8 nm的加工表面.实验结果表明:采用微细粒度、高硬度铸铁基金刚石砂轮、提高砂轮线速度和减小磨削深度可有效地提高表面质量,降低表面粗糙度;磨削过程中,砂轮线速度、磨削深度、磨削液是影响加工表面质量的主要因素.     

W-Mo合金精密镜面加工工艺的实验研究

为了研究W-Mo合金材料精密加工的新途径,采用在线电解修整(ELID)精密磨削和超精密研抛技术,对其进行了精密镜面加工实验,分析了此材料超精密镜面表面的形成机理。通过ELID磨削加工得到了表面粗糙度Ra0.020μm加工表面,再以研抛压力为0.1~0.3 N/cm2,转速为60~100 r/min等优化研抛参数进行研抛加工,获得了表面粗糙度为Ra0.012μm精密镜面加工表面。实验表明:ELID精密磨削加工是保证工件表面质量的基础,超精密机械研抛时研抛压力及转速等参数对工件表面质量起主要影响作用。