合束方式提高准分子激光输出脉冲能量稳定性

为了获得稳定性更好、能量更大的准分子激光输出脉冲,对合束方式提高输出脉冲能量稳定性的可行性进行了理论推导、模拟实验以及合束实验研究。从理论推导得知,当激光输出脉冲能量符合正态分布时,多台激光器合束可以降低输出能量相对标准差。对三台输出脉冲能量分布特性符合正态分布的准分子激光器进行合束模拟实验研究,每台输出脉冲能量平均值约为153 mJ,脉冲能量相对标准差约为1%。两台准分子激光器合束时得到输出脉冲能量平均值为305 mJ、能量相对标准差为0.7%的准分子激光脉冲。三台准分子激光器合束时可以得到输出能量平均值为458 mJ、能量相对标准差为0.6%的准分子激光脉冲。使用两台准分子激光器进行三次实际合束实验,其中两台准分子激光器三次合束分别输出能量平均值约为355、350、330 mJ,相对标准差为1.3%、1.2%、1.4%的激光脉冲;三次合束后分别得到能量平均值为687、694、646 mJ,相对标准差为0.86%、0.79%、0.83%的激光脉冲。模拟实验以及合束实验都表明,合束后的能量相对标准差均小于单台能量相对标准差,即合束提高准分子输出脉冲的稳定性。因此,当单台准分子激光输出脉...     

脉冲TEA CO2 激光器温度特性的理论分析

利用六温度模型速率方程计算了当激光工作气体温度从-30℃～+60℃变化时TEA CO2激光器输出脉冲能量的变化规律。结果表明,激光器输出脉冲能量随着工作温度的升高而近似线性下降;线性下降的快慢和激光工作气体组成、气压、输出耦合镜反射率、注入能量、工作气体组成等均有关系;工作气体气压越高、输出耦合镜反射率越大或注入能量越高,激光输出脉冲能量随温度升高而下降的速度越快。     

脉冲TEA CO_2激光器温度特性的理论分析

利用六温度模型速率方程计算了当激光工作气体温度从-30℃~ 60℃变化时TEACO2激光器输出脉冲能量的变化规律。结果表明,激光器输出脉冲能量随着工作温度的升高而近似线性下降;线性下降的快慢和激光工作气体组成、气压、输出耦合镜反射率、注入能量、工作气体组成等均有关系;工作气体气压越高、输出耦合镜反射率越大或注入能量越高,激光输出脉冲能量随温度升高而下降的速度越快。     

红宝石激光器的被动式隐花菁染料调Q

一、隐花菁染料调Q器件的动态输出特性 隐花菁调Q器件具有阶梯状的动态输出(如图1-所示),即从动态阈值W_0起,逐渐增加输入能量,输出能量基本不变,直到输入能量达到W_1器件输出两个能量大致相等的脉冲为止,这时输出能量跃增一倍。原则上说,若光泵能量继续增加,则输出能量将随脉冲个数的增多而成倍增长。W_0到W_1称单脉冲区。在其他条件不变时,若光泵效率下降,动态输出曲线仅仅向右平移(如图1中虚线所示),输出能量并不发生变化。因此若在单脉冲区的固定输入能量W下工作,则在相当     

四倍频Nd：YAG激光在高压氢气中的喇曼频移研究

利用Nd:YAG固体激光器四倍频输出(266nm)在高压H₂中的受激喇曼散射获得多波长的激光输出。当泵浦能量一定时,通过改变H₂压力得到了最佳的能量输出,299nm波长的激光能量为3mJ,341nm波长的激光能量输出为6.1mJ,398nm波长的激光能量输出为2.8mJ,239nm波长的激光能量输出为0.8mJ,同时在477nm,595nm,218nm,200nm波段也有能量输出。     

四倍频Nd∶YAG激光在高压氢气中的喇曼频移研究

利用Nd∶YAG固体激光器四倍频输出 (2 6 6nm)在高压H2 中的受激喇曼散射获得多波长的激光输出。当泵浦能量一定时 ,通过改变H2 压力得到了最佳的能量输出 ,2 99nm波长的激光能量为 3mJ,341nm波长的激光能量输出为 6 .1mJ ,398nm波长的激光能量输出为 2 .8mJ ,2 39nm波长的激光能量输出为 0 .8mJ,同时在 4 77nm ,5 95nm ,2 18nm ,2 0 0nm波段也有能量输出     

放电激励重复频率HF激光器稳定输出实验研究

在放电激励重复频率气体激光研究中,激光器重复频率运行能量稳定输出是提高其输出平均功率及其实用化的基础。利用实验室已建立的单脉冲输出能量焦耳级的放电激励重复频率脉冲HF激光装置,通过调节气体介质循环速率及优化实验条件,开展激光器重复频率运行稳定输出实验研究,获得激光器重复频率运行时能量稳定输出的最佳工作条件。研究结果表明,随着运行频率的上升,激光输出能量衰减较快;增大气体介质循环速率有利于改善放电稳定性,提高激光器重复频率运行时输出能量稳定性。当混合气体工作介质以3.5m/s的流速循环时,激光器可实现1～50Hz重复频率激光输出,在重复频率50Hz运行时稳定输出能量约130mJ,能量波动约5%。     

直管谐振式低频压电声能量回收系统

为了高效回收环境中的声能,基于阵列式压电换能器、直管谐振腔以及能量回收电路提出了一种声能量回收系统.当声波进入直管谐振腔,管中产生谐振驻波作用于压电换能器,将声能转换为电能.本文设计了能量回收电路并且进行理论、仿真分析实验研究了压电振子数量、声波频率、声压级对输出电压的影响,分析了负载电阻对输出电压及功率的影响.实验结果表明,该装置可回收不同频率的声能量,在声波频率为96Hz时发电效果最优.当入射声压级为110dB时,不使用能量回收电路,输出交流电压有效值最高达12.9V,输出交流功率最高达到799μW;使用设计的能量回收电路,最高输出直流电压为64.2V,最高输出直流功率为473μW.该声能量回收系统不仅可以作为声能量采集器,还能对无线传感节点等独立工作的微型电子系统供能.     

大能量长脉宽 N_2激光器的某些输出参数的实验研究

本文报导一个大能量长脉宽 N_2激光器及其输出脉宽、输出脉冲能量和脉冲波形的某些实验结果。     

针对SMS4轮输出的选择明文能量分析攻击

提出了针对SMS4轮输出的选择明文能量分析攻击,攻击时以一定约束条件选择明文,先攻击出轮迭代函数的输出,再由轮迭代函数的输出反推出对应的轮子密钥,从而实现了以轮输出作为中间数据对SMS4的能量分析攻击,并利用该方法对无防护SMS4算法的能量曲线进行了能量分析攻击,实验表明该攻击方法是行之有效的。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Development of the readout system for waveguide multilayer optical card

Waveguide multilayer optical card （WMOC） is a novel storage device of three-dimensional optical information. An advanced readout system fitting for the WMOC is introduced in this paper. The hardware mainly consists of the light source for reading, WMOC, motorized stages addressing unit, microscope imaging unit, CCD detecting unit and PC controlling ＆ processing unit. The movement of the precision motorized stage is controlled by the computer through Visual Basic （VB） language in software. A control panel is also designed to get the layer address and the page address through which the position of the motorized stages can be changed. The WMOC readout system is easy to manage and the readout result is directly displayed on computer monitor.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Collinear phase-matching study of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and Inp

The collinearly phase-matching condition of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and InP is theoretically studied. In collinear phase-matching, the optimum phase-matching wave hands of these two crystals are calculated. The optimum phase-matching wave bands in GaAs and lnP are 0.95-1.38μm and 0.7-0.96μm respectively. The influence of the wavelength choice of the pump wave on the coherent length in THz-wave tuning is also discussed. The influence of the temperature alteration on the phase-matching and the temperature tuning properties in GaAs crystal are calculated and analyzed. It can serve for the following experiments as a theoretical evidence and a reference as well.     

Effects of the alloy compositions on the phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals

Composition dependence of bulk and surface phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals are studied in the framework of the modified random-element-isodisplacement model and the Bom-Huang approximation. The numerical results for Several Ⅱ - Ⅵ and Ⅲ- Ⅴ compound systems are performed, and the polariton frequencies as functions of the compositions for ternary mixed crystals AlxGa1-xAs, GaPxAS1-x, ZnSxSe1-x, GaAsxSb1-x, GaxIn1-xP, and ZnxCd1-xS as examples are given and discussed. The results show that the dependence of the energies of two branches of bulk phonon-polaritons which have phonon-like characteristics, and surface phonon-polaritons on the compositions of ternary mixed crystals are nonlinear and different from those of the corresponding binary systems.     

New insert layer structure OLEDs

An insert layer structure organic electroluminescent device（OLED） based on a new luminescent material （Zn（salen）） is fabricated. The configuration of the device is ITO/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1. Effective insert electrode layers comprising LiF（1nm）/Al（5 nm） are used as a single semitransparent mirror, and bilayer cathode LiF（1 nm）/A1（100 nm） is used as a reflecting mirror. The two mirrors form a Fabry-Perot microcavity and two emissive units. The maximum brightness and luminous efficiency reach 674 cd/m^2 and 2.652 cd/A, respectively, which are 2.1 and 3.7 times higher than the conventional device, respectively. The superior brightness and luminous efficiency over conventional single-unit devices are attributed to microcavity effect.