正己烷在Zn/HZSM-5上芳构化反应机理的探讨

比较了正己烷在HZSM-5、Al₂O₃和ZnO/Al₂O₃催化剂上的反应性能，探讨了锌含量和水热处理对Zn/HZSM-5芳构化性能的影响。发现B酸是芳构化反应不可缺少的活性中心，Zn-L因其氢解作用促进烃类的活化和脱氢，Al-L酸只是对正己烷有较弱的活化作用。提出了正己烷在Zn/HZSM-5上的芳构化反应机理。     

HZSM-5择形催化剂上乙苯烷基化反应生产对二乙苯的研究

针对乙苯与乙烯烷基化法生产对二乙苯的工艺过程,利用1 500 t/a对二乙苯的工业装置,对装有镁改性HZSM-5分子筛的固定床反应器中的乙苯烷基化反应工艺条件进行了研究。考察了反应温度、空速和原料质量比对反应的影响,并进行了分析和讨论。结果表明,在不同的工艺条件下,产物中邻、间二乙苯的质量分数均随对二乙苯的质量分数升高而升高,但间、邻二乙苯质量分数过高,增加了产品分离的难度,很难得到高纯度的对二乙苯产品。乙苯的转化率及反应产物中邻、间、对二乙苯的质量分数均随着反应温度的升高,在保证产品质量的前提下,375℃为适宜的反应温度。在乙苯循环反应过程中,乙苯质量空速应在3 h-1左右,同时乙苯与乙烯的原料质量比不宜过大,在17左右适宜。     

HZSM-5分子筛催化甲醇制低碳烯烃性能的研究进展

综述了改性HZSM-5用于甲醇制取低碳烯烃的研究进展。主要从硅铝比、化学改性、品粒尺寸、引入介孔和高温水热处理五个改性手段对HZSM-5用于MTP反应的影响进行了调研。适量的B酸量是改性HZSM-5用于甲醇制烯烃反应时烯烃选择性的最关键影响因素,适当的孔道修饰能够提高HZSM-5的烯烃选择性。     

甲烷芳构化反应催化剂Ｍｏ-Ｍ／ＨＺＳＭ-５表面性质的研究

对甲烷芳构化催化剂Ｍｏ-Ｍ／ＨＺＳＭ-５进行了异丙醇分解、ＮＨ３-ＴＰＤ-ＭＳ、积炭量测定表征,其结果均与芳构化性能有关。芳烃收率高,稳定性好,积炭量较少,而且具有相当量的酸量和一定量强酸量及较强的脱氢中心。     

SAPO分子筛上氯甲烷催化转化制氯乙烯单体

采用水热合成法制备了SAPO分子筛,考察磷与铝物质的量比对SAPO分子筛催化转化氯甲烷制氯乙烯单体反应催化性能的影响.结果表明,SAPO-34在氯甲烷催化转化制备氯乙烯单体反应中,表现出较好的催化性能及稳定性.     

Study of operating variables in the transformation of aqueous ethanol into hydrocarbons on an HZSM‐5 zeolite

With the aim of determining the possibilities of directly upgrading the liquid obtained from carbohydrate fermentation, the effect of operating conditions (temperature, space time, water content in the feed) has been studied in the catalytic transformation of aqueous ethanol into hydrocarbons on an HZSM‐5 zeolite in an isothermal fixed bed reactor. Special attention has been paid to the effect of water content on the yield, product distribution and catalyst deactivation. Although deactivation by coke decreases as the water content is increased, this content must be limited at 450 °C and higher temperatures in order to avoid irreversible deactivation of the catalyst by dealumination. © 2002 Society of Chemical Industry     

纳米HZSM-5催化剂上3,5,6-三氯水杨酸正戊酯(PTCSA)的合成

对纳米HZSM-5催化剂上3,5,6-三氯水杨酸正戊酯（PTCSA）的合成进行了研究。3,5,6-三氯水杨酸和正戊醇在纳米催化剂的作用下,在甲苯溶剂里发生酯化反应生成3,5,6-三氯水杨酸正戊酯。考察了影响酯化反应的因素。结果表明：纳米级HZSM-5分子筛催化剂有催化活性高、性能稳定、与产品易分离、后处理简单、无腐蚀、易回收等优点。最佳反应条件为：催化剂活化温度450℃,活化时间4h,醇酸比1：5。     

Undesired components in the transformation of biomass pyrolysis oil into hydrocarbons on an HZSM‐5 zeolite catalyst

The results of the catalytic transformation on HZSM‐5 zeolite of mixtures of components of biomass pyrolysis oil in the 673–723 K temperature range are evidence of the need for previously separating certain components (aldehydes, oxyphenols and furfural) that undergo severe thermal degradation by forming carbonaceous deposits at the reactor inlet ducts and on the catalyst itself. The deactivation of the catalyst is a consequence of the deposition of two different types of coke: one of catalytic origin (similar to that generated in the transformation of methanol and bioethanol) and the other of thermal origin, which is produced by the aforementioned degradation. The remaining oxygenate components react to each other with synergistic effect, which means that their reactivity is higher than that of the pure components. The results show that the aqueous fraction of biomass pyrolysis oil may be transformed into hydrocarbons on acid catalysts similarly to the more familiar transformation of methanol and bioethanol. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry     

Metal salts interaction with acrylic acid–maleic acid copolymer: An infrared spectroscopic study

A study was carried out in which aqueous solutions of acrylic acid–maleic acid copolymer (mole ratio of monomers: 3:2) were diluted with solutions of various salts [NaCl, MgCl₂, CaCl₂, SrCl₂, ZnCl₂, Al(NO₃)₃ and Fe(NO₃)₃]. This copolymer was found to interact with all these salts to make solutions of enhanced acidity that infrared spectroscopy suggested was a result of charge stabilization of the polyanion by counterions occupying atmospheric or site‐bound locations. The cations of the salts NaCl, MgCl₂, CaCl₂ and SrCl₂ appeared to occupy atmospheric positions only; in contrast, with poly(acrylic acid) they showed some site binding. Zinc ions, on the other hand, gave identical bridging bidentate interactions with both polymers. The cations from the trivalent salts Al(NO₃)₃ and Fe(NO₃)₃ were atmospheric and site bound (bridging bidentate), respectively, and these were also different from their interactions with poly(acrylic acid). The addition of Fe(NO₃)₃ to the copolymer caused gelation, as with poly(acrylic acid), but formation of the gel was slower and did not result in phase separation. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 78: 1680–1684, 2000     

硅含量对氯甲烷制取低碳烯烃的SAPO-34分子筛酸性的影响

以三乙胺-四乙基氢氧化铵为复合模板剂,合成了不同硅含量的SAPO-34分子筛,并采用XRD、NH₃-TPD、以及²⁹Si MASNMR等方法对其进行了表征,最后考察了不同硅含量SAPO-34分子筛催化转化氯甲烷制取乙烯、丙烯的反应性能。结果表明:硅铝比在0.10~0.80时,均能合成规整的SAPO-34立方晶粒;硅铝比低于0.05或高于1.00时,易伴随形成片状和无定形晶相。当硅铝比为0.6时,SAPO-34的结晶度最大,微孔比表面积为588m²/g,微孔体积为0.267cm³/g。硅铝比从0.05到0.60逐渐增大时,SAPO-34酸强度和酸数目明显增多,继续增大硅铝比,酸强度增强,弱酸数目减少。在T=425℃、氯甲烷WHSV=2.73h^-1时,对所合成SAPO-34分子筛催化氯甲烷的反应性能进行了评价,随硅铝比增大,SAPO-34的酸性增强,氯甲烷的初始转化率逐渐升高,然而二次反应加剧致使乙烯丙烯选择性略有下降。     

金属改性对M/HZSM分子筛性能的影响

以HZSM分子筛为载体,采用浸渍法制备系列改性分子筛M/ZSM-5(M=Fe、Cu、Mn和Ce)。采用XRD、BET、NH_3-TPD、H_2-TPR和NO-TPD等手段对改性分子筛的基础特性进行了研究。研究表明,M/HZSM的物相结构与HZSM一致,比表面积出现不同程度的减小,孔径轻微变大,总体酸量下降;NO吸脱附试验中,除Fe/HZSM外,其余改性分子筛对NO的吸附均比HZSM强;H_2-TPR试验表明,通过金属改性可有效调控分子筛的氧化还原特性。     

近红外光谱技术在烟草行业的应用进展

介绍了近红外光谱技术在烟草化学成分分析、烟气分析、烟叶类型与产地判别及物理指标测定、卷烟辅料分析、卷烟真伪识别、卷烟配方识别及设计、在线检测等方面的应用。近红外光谱技术是一种简便、快捷的分析方法,在烟草行业中正扮演着越来越重要的角色,而且具有十分广阔的应用前景。     

轻烃低温芳构化制取高辛烷值汽油

考察了反应温度、空速和高径比条件对轻烃在分子筛催化剂上低温芳构化制取高辛烷值汽油性能的影响。结果表明,反应温度和空速对催化剂的催化性能有明显影响,提高反应温度有利于提高芳烃收率,增加进料空速,催化剂芳构化性能下降,芳烃二次反应也减少。在450 ℃、1.0 h^-1和高径比为6.0的条件下,此轻烃在ZSM-5催化剂作用下,可得到高辛烷值汽油,其初馏点为49 ℃,干点为203 ℃,烯烃质量分数为13.42%,芳烃质量分数为84.24%,辛烷值为101,可作汽油调和组分,也可直接作汽油使用。     

Deactivation kinetics of a HZSM‐5 zeolite catalyst treated with alkali for the transformation of bio‐ethanol into hydrocarbons

The kinetics of deactivation by coke of a HZSM‐5 zeolite catalyst in the transformation of bioethanol into hydrocarbons has been studied. To attenuate deactivation, the following treatments have been carried out: (i) the zeolite has been subjected to a treatment with alkali to reduce the acid strength of the sites and (ii) it has subsequently been agglomerated into a macro and meso‐porous matrix of bentonite and alumina. The experimental study has been conducted in a fixed bed reactor under the following conditions: temperature, between 300 and 400°C; pressure, 1 atm; space‐time, up to 1.53 (g of catalyst) h (g of ethanol)^?1; particle size of the catalyst, between 0.3 and 0.6 mm; feed flowrate, 0.16 cm³ min^?1 of ethanol+water and 30 cm³ (NC) min^?1 of N₂; water content in the feed, up to 75 wt %; time on stream, up to 31 h. The expression for deactivation kinetics is dependent on the concentration of hydrocarbons and water in the reaction medium (which attenuates the deactivation) and, together with the kinetics at zero time on stream, allows the calculation of the evolution with time on stream of the yields and distribution of products (ethylene, propylene and butenes, C₁‐C₃ paraffins, and C₄‐C₁₂). By increasing the temperature in the 300–400°C range the role of ethylene on coke deposition is more significant than that of the other hydrocarbons (propylene, butenes and C₄‐C₁₂), which contribute to a greater extent to the formation of coke at 300°C. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 58: 526–537, 2012.     

A Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopic study of the adsorbed species from perdeuteroethene on a deuterium-exchanged Pt-on-silica catalyst

Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy has been applied to study the adsorption and deuteration of perdeuteroethene (C₂D₄) at 298 K on a deuterium-exchanged Pt/SiO₂ catalyst. The spectra show absorptions associated with- and di--bonded (C₂D₄) and with (CCD₃), and a trace of (CCD₂H), ethylidyne surface species. These were identified by comparison with the closely-corresponding pattern of absorptions from the adsorption of C₂H₄. They are also correlated with previous spectroscopic results from C₂D₄ adsorption on Pt single-crystals and from analogous ligands in organometallic compounds. Deuteration of the initially-adsorbed species gives only gas-phase C₂D₆ and a trace of C₂D₅H.     

On the formation of C3 hydrocarbons during the conversion of ethanol using H-ZSM-5 catalyst

The formation of predominating C₃ species during the conversion of ethanol on H-ZSM-5 catalyst was examined as a function of temperature, time on stream and space velocity. The trends observed indicated that propene was formed from the cracking of larger olefins, possibly 4-methylpentene, and not as an intermediate between C₂ and C₄ production. The parallel formation of propene with naphthenes and aromatics resulted in significant hydrogen-transfer activity leading to propane, while ethylene and butenes played a much less significant role in the process.     

甲醇制烃催化剂及其反应机理研究进展

综述了改性和非改性ZSM-5、β和SAPO-34等多种催化剂在甲醇制烃类物质中的应用。ZSM-5主要用于甲醇制汽油过程以及甲醇芳构化反应,甲醇在β沸石上主要转化成乙烯、丙烯、丙烷、异丁烷、六甲基苯和少量五甲基苯,而SAPO-34对乙烯和丙烯等低碳烯烃具有较高的选择性（90%）。总结了甲醇制烃机理的研究进展,主要包括初始C—C的形成以及烃池物种的研究,讨论了甲醇制烃催化剂及其研究方向。     

Catalytic Activity of Copper Oxide Impregnated HZSM‐5 in Methanol Conversion to Liquid Hydrocarbons

A number of CuO/HZSM‐5 catalysts have been studied in a small scale fixed bed reactor for the conversion of methanol to gasoline range hydrocarbons at 673 K and at one atmospheric pressure. All the catalysts were prepared by wet impregnation technique. The copper oxide loading over HZSM‐5 (Si/Al=45) catalyst was studied in the range of 0 to 9 wt%. XRD, surface area analyzer, metal trace analyzer, SEM techniques and TGA were used to characterize the catalysts. Incorporation of CuO onto HZSM‐5 zeolite significantly increased conversion and liquid hydrocarbon product yields. The major liquid products of the reactions were ethyl benzene, toluene, xylene, isopropyl benzene, ethyl toluene, trimethyl benzene and tetramethyl benzene. The maximum methanol conversion and hydrocarbon product yield was obtained at a copper oxide loading of 7 wt%. Effect of run time on conversion and product distribution was also investigated to compare the performance of these catalysts and coke on the catalyst was determined. Effect of space‐time and temperature on methanol conversion and products yield with 7 wt% CuO/HZSM‐5 has also been investigated and analyzed qualitatively.