从高浓度钼酸钠溶液中萃取除钨的研究

采用伯胺类萃取剂HBDW-201从高浓度钼酸钠溶液中选择性萃取钨,考察了有机相组成、萃取温度、接触时间、料液pH值、相比等对钨钼萃取分离的影响,探索了从负载有机相中洗脱Mo及反萃W的条件。结果表明,在有机相组成为20%HBDW-201+磺化煤油、料液含WO_330g/L左右、Mo 100g/L左右,pH值为7.55,萃取相比O/A=1.5∶1、温度25℃、接触时间10min的条件下,经过4级逆流萃取,W萃取率接近100%,Mo萃取率为13.31%,最终得到含Mo 80g/L以上的钼酸钠溶液,溶液中WO_3浓度小于5×10~(-6) g/L,实现了从高浓度钼酸钠溶液中深度除钨;采用0.6mol/L的NaOH溶液为洗涤剂,在相比O/A=5∶1,温度30℃的条件下洗涤负载有机相,Mo洗脱率为61.86%,W洗脱率为11.38%,洗水中Mo与W质量比为2.30;采用2mol/L的NaOH为反萃剂,在相比O/A=5∶1,温度30℃,接触时间10min的条件下进行反萃,W的单级反萃率达99%以上,Mo反萃率为97.39%,得到反萃液中含WO_379.67g/L,Mo 16.30g/L,可用现有的钨钼分离工艺进行进一步处理。     

P204从硫酸体系萃取镓性能研究

研究了P204从硫酸体系萃取镓的性能,分别考察了料液酸度、萃取剂浓度、时间、浓度等对镓萃取与反萃的影响并绘制等温线,确定并模拟逆流试验过程。结果表明:料液含0.3g/L Ga^3+,pH=1.2,有机相采用20%P204(体积分数)+磺化煤油,按相比O/A=1∶3,25℃萃取8min,经过3级逆流萃取,镓萃取率可达到99.33%,负载有机相用1.0mol/L H2SO4溶液反萃,按相比O/A=10∶1,反萃温度25℃,反萃时间10min,经过3级逆流反萃,镓反萃率达98.99%,镓浓度富集近30倍。反萃液中的镓经氨水中和沉淀、焙烧后,可得到氧化镓产品。     

季铵盐N263萃取分离钨酸钠中的钒

采用溶剂萃取法从含钒钨酸钠溶液中选择性萃取分离V。考察了萃取体系组成、料液初始pH值、萃取相比、振荡时间、温度等因素对萃取效果的影响,并确定了萃取级数和反萃体系,考察了萃取剂循环使用效果。实验结果表明,采用组成(体积分数)为20%N263+40%仲辛醇+40%磺化煤油的有机相体系,对初始pH值为8.70、WO3浓度为66.21g/L、V2O5浓度为11.46g/L的料液进行萃取分离V,在相比O/A为1/2.5及室温条件下,经过6级逆流萃取,V2O5萃取率达到99.90%以上,WO3的共萃率仅8.00%左右,萃余液中V2O5浓度可降至10 mg/L以下;负载有机相用1.5mol/L NaCl+2mol/L NaOH溶液反萃,在相比O/A为3/1及室温条件下,V2O5单级反萃率可达95.24%,WO3单级反萃率为100%。萃取剂在循环使用过程中对钒钨的萃取效果基本不变。     

环烷酸萃取脱除废旧稀土荧光粉酸浸液中铁铝

研究了废旧稀土荧光粉酸浸液在环烷酸萃取过程中关于铁、铝杂质的除杂效果,考察环烷酸对于铁、铝、稀土的选择性;有机相组成、氨水浓度、温度对分离效果的影响;水洗温度、水洗相比对水洗效果的影响;盐酸浓度、相比、反萃时间对反萃效果的影响.结果表明:选择环烷酸:异辛醇:磺化煤油体积比为20:20:60、氨水浓度为2 mol/L、温度为20 ℃、氨水滴加速度为3 mL/min时,分离效果较优;水洗温度为40 ℃、相比（A/O）为2时,铁铝稀土的洗脱率分别为1.5%、4.2%和26.4%;反萃剂盐酸浓度为3 mol/L、反萃相比（A/O）为1、反萃时间为20 min时,铁、铝、稀土萃取率分别高达99.5%、99.8%和99.8%.      

碱性萃取分离钨铝过程的热力学分析

针对碱性萃取分离钨、铝过程,根据同时平衡和物质守恒定律,应用现有的热力学数据绘制了25℃时W/Al-H_2O系的溶解组分浓度-pH图,Na_2CO_3-NaHCO_3-H_2O系R-pH图(R为萃取剂中(R4N)2CO_3与(R4N)2CO_3+R4NHCO_3物质量比例),利用热力学平衡图对碱性萃取钨铝分离过程进行研究。结果表明:[W]T,[Al]T分别为0.5,0.1 mol·L-1,溶液pH为11.5~14.0时钨、铝分别以WO_4~(2-),Al(OH)-4存在;pH为4.0~11.5时铝部分以Al(OH)3(am)沉淀析出,钨以阴离子形态存在溶液中;Na_2CO_3-NaHCO_3-H_2O系中,NaHCO_3含量增加,溶液pH值降低。试验表明,Al(OH)-4能与季铵盐形成萃合物存在有机相中,不会出现沉淀或影响萃取;季铵盐对WO_4~(2-)的结合能力强于Al(OH)-4;碳酸氢型萃取剂参与钨萃取反应降低萃余液溶液pH值,萃余液pH值低于11.46时铝水解产生氢氧化铝沉淀。串级试验表明,控制萃余液pH为11.59,通过12级逆流萃取,钨、铝的萃取率分别为99.17%,1.20%,说明碱性萃取工艺能够高效地分离钨铝。     

LIX54/Cyanex923从含锂硫酸钠溶液中协同萃取分离锂钠的研究

针对目前废旧电池正极材料湿法回收工艺中锂回收率低和锂钠分离困难等问题，提出了一种可从含锂硫酸钠溶液中选择性提取锂的协同萃取体系LIX54/Cyanex923。实验结果表明，对于含锂0.5 g/L、钠50 g/L的模拟料液，采用0.4 mol/L LIX54+0.2 mol/L Cyanex923+磺化煤油的有机相，在O/A相比1∶1、平衡pH值12.5、温度30℃和时间10 min的条件下锂的单级萃取率达98.72%,β_Li/Na可达1 578。在相比O/A=1∶5、平衡pH值12.5条件下经三级模拟逆流萃取，99%以上的锂被萃取，萃余液中锂的含量小于0.01 g/L。采用1 mol/L HCl在O/A相比8∶1条件下经过两级逆流洗涤，近98%的钠被洗脱，有机相中仅留下0.05 g/L钠。洗后负载有机相用3 mol/L HCl在相比O/A=6∶1下进行两级逆流反萃，锂的反萃率达99%以上，反萃液中锂的浓度被富集到16.93 g/L。LIX54/Cyanex923协同萃取体系能有效地从含锂硫酸钠溶液中选择性回收锂，实现锂与钠的深度分离及锂的高倍富集回收。     

从铜闪速炉烟灰酸浸液中用P204萃取回收铟的研究

研究了萃取剂浓度、料液酸度、萃取时间等因素对铟萃取率的影响;反萃液酸度与反萃时间对反萃铟的影响.结果表明,料液酸度为0.8 mol/L、有机相组成为30％ P204+70％磺化煤油、油水相比O/A=1:5、混合5 min时,In3+的单级萃取率为96.8％;用4.0 mol/L的HC1反萃10 min,铟的反萃率为94.9％.     

TBP与N1923协同萃取铜电解液中的砷锑铋

采用TBP和N1923协同萃取铜电解液中的砷、锑、铋,考察TBP和N1923的浓度、电解液酸度、相比、时间、反萃取相比等因素对萃取过程的影响。结果表明,当有机相组成为60%TBP+25%N1923+5%异辛醇+10%磺化煤油,萃取相比O/A=3时,砷、锑、铋的单级萃取率分别为58.01%、53.49%和68.97%。在反萃相比O/A=2时,用水反萃砷的单级反萃率为53.61%。在反萃液组成为反萃剂50g/L、硫酸1mol/L,在反萃相比O/A=2时,锑、铋的单级反萃率分别为58.63%和79.46%。     

硫酸钴浸出液中用N902萃取铜生产试验研究

采用N902对硫酸钴浸出液中铜的萃取进行了研究,考察了萃取相比（O∶A）、萃原液中铜含量、萃取时间对铜萃取率的影响,以及反萃相比（O∶A）、反萃时间、酸度、反萃液铜浓度对铜反萃率的影响,确定了适宜的铜萃取生产条件,当铜离子浓度为6～7g/L时,用15%的N902萃取硫酸介质中的铜,1级铜萃取率可达95%;用新配制的200 g/L的硫酸对负载铜有机相进行循环反萃,1级铜反萃率可达95%。     

TBP对有机胺协萃体系萃镍性能的影响

选取一种自制有机胺和协萃剂的复配萃取体系从红土镍矿模拟硫酸浸出液中回收镍,考察了各组分比例、改性剂TBP加入量、萃取剂总浓度、萃取时间、萃取温度等对镍的萃取率、除杂率、萃取分相时间及反萃分相时间的影响。结果表明,TBP的加入能极大缩短反萃分相时间,同时对除杂率与萃取分相时间没有太大影响,镍饱和萃取容量略有降低。当萃取剂各组分摩尔浓度为有机胺∶协萃剂∶改性剂=0.9mol/L∶0.45mol/L∶0.9mol/L时,镍饱和萃取容量达6.9g/L。萃取温度的升高有利于缩短萃取分相时间,但是镍的萃取率略有下降。在萃取相比O/A=1/2、30℃萃取20min时,镍的5级逆流萃取率可达98%以上。     

转炉炉壳热应力分析

根据实际转炉建立实体模型。以有限元为手段,考虑了炉衬和炉壳材料的物性参数随温度变化的特点和炉衬与炉壳之间膨胀间隙,计算了转炉炉壳在温度载荷和炉衬膨胀压力同时作用下的热应力。所得结果可为转炉炉壳设计提供依据。     

焦炭热性能指标意义浅析

通过对焦炭在高炉内的历程及其变化规律的剖析,阐述焦炭热性能指标的意义,形象地把焦炭在高炉内的损耗分为三部分(M1,M2,M3)。指出M2对焦比及焦炭价格有一定的指导作用。     

Results of treatment of cancer of the cardia

Cancer of the cardia is traditionally discussed with cardiac cancer of the lower portion of the esophagus and upper gastric cancer invading the esophagus, and the specific characteristics of cancer of the cardia have never been clearly defined. We reviewed the outcome of 172 patients with adenocarcinoma of the cardia who had undergone radical surgery between 1949 and 1994 in the Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery of the Cancer Institute Hospital. The centers of the tumors were located within 2 cm above and below the boundary between the esophagus and the stomach, and their longitudinal diameter was less than 8 cm. We divided the patients into an early period (1949-1979; n = 79) and a late period (1980-1994; n = 93), and focused on the historical transition. There were no differences in patient gender or histology between the two periods. However, the late period was associated with fewer cases of esophageal invasion and shorter longitudinal diameter, as the age of the population advanced. The number of advanced cancers such as the localized and infiltrative type had decreased, and early cancer and early clinical stage had become more common, but despite the fact that the number of early cancers had increased, extended dissection, such as thoracic and paraaortic lymph node dissection, was performed more frequently. By clinical stage, the long-term outcome markedly improved in Stage I patient in the late period, and tended to improve in Stage II and III patients. This appears to have been attributable to the prevention of micrometastasis by extended dissection, although the number of early cancers is another major potential cause. There were no differences in the outcome of Stage IV patients between the two periods, and further advances in multimodality therapy must be awaited. The range of resection is basically proximal gastrectomy, and if there are adequate indications, the prognosis is favorable. In view of the status of lymphatic flow and lymph node metastasis, and long-term results, lateroaortic lymph node dissection is important. Since the number of early cancer patients has been increasing, if intraabdominal recurrence is prevented, intrathoracic lymph node dissection will contribute greatly to the outcome of such patients.     

The effect of amount of possession of the trait of hostility on accuracy of perception of hostility in others.

Some theories of personality hold that an individual's perception of others is influenced by his own personality characteristics; more specifically, that a trait of low social value will be projected more into others, and that insight into the possession of these characteristics reduces this distortion. These 2 hypotheses were tested by having a group of college students rate each other (including themselves) on degree of friendliness or hostility. Agreement with group rating about self yielded the insight score. In general, the hypotheses were supported; the "friendly" Ss were most accurate in their perception of others, and insight was positively associated with accurate perception. From Psyc Abstracts 36:04:4HL16M. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Comparison of rates of infection of two methods of emergency ventricular drainage

The rates of infection of two methods of external ventricular drainage in use at Atkinson Morley's Hospital--namely, (a) percutaneous drainage with Rickham reservoirs and (b) tunnelled ventriculostomies--were compared in this retrospective review. Percutaneous drainage of CSF with Rickham reservoirs was associated with a 27% rate of infection as identified by positive microbiological cultures; tunnelled ventriculostomy catheters had a 10% infection rate. The difference in the infection rate between the two methods was statistically significant (P < 0.015). Other variables examined, including the age and sex of the patients and the reasons for ventricular drainage, were not associated with an increased rate of infection. Most infections from either method were caused by a coagulase negative staphylococcus. The average duration of ventricular drainage before identification of positive cultures was 5.7 days for Rickham reservoirs and 6.0 days for ventriculostomies.     

浅析《野草》的版画特征

鲁迅先生一生热爱美术作品,对版画中木刻兴趣尤甚.<野草>作为其"写心之作",亦呈现出一些与木刻版画一致的审美特征:一是具有木刻版画的色彩特征,多对比、多冷色,有阴郁的美感;二是具有木刻版画的力度特征,环境描写、人物刻画处处刀锋毕现,遒劲有力,有一种"力之美".     

四辊破碎机车刀架的改造

针对四辊破碎机车刀架车削中存在的几个问题,详细介绍了电动车刀架的结构和工作原理,建立主要设计参数的数学表达式,并进行适当的分析。改造后,这种电动车刀架运行平稳、可靠、方便、省力,取得了预期的效果。     

Effect of antibiotics of chemotaxis of human leukocytes

The effect of 20 different antibiotics on chemotaxis by human neutrophils was studied. Human leukocytes incubated with chloramphenicol, rifampin, sodium fusidate, and tetracyclines in vitro showed markedly depressed migration. The mechanisms by which these antibiotics affect leukotaxis are discussed.