La~（3＋）/Ce~（4＋）掺杂对TiO_2光催化活性的影响

以钛酸四丁酯为前驱体,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备纯的及掺杂稀土的TiO2,重点考察了退火温度对纳米颗粒晶相转变的影响。通过光催化降解实验,探讨了退火温度、退火时间、稀土离子掺杂浓度等因素对TiO2光催化活性的影响。结果表明,TiO2粉末在400℃下为锐钛矿型,具有很高的光催化活性;掺杂的TiO2纳米样品在短时间内降解均较未掺杂TiO2纳米样品的催化活性高;掺La3＋最佳摩尔分数为0.05,掺Ce4＋最佳摩尔分数为0.20,最佳退火温度为400℃,退火时间为9 h。掺La3＋量相对较少时催化活性高,而掺Ce4＋的纳米粉体在相对较高的浓度下可达到完全降解。     

熔炼掺杂对AB5型贮氢合金的结构和性能影响

为了探索一种新的掺杂方式对AB5型贮氢合金性能的影响,采用熔炼掺杂方法,研究了掺杂适量TiMn1.5合金(掺杂量为4％、8％的TiMn1.5)对成分为La0.7Ni2.65Co0.75Mn0.1的AB5型贮氢合金的结构及性能影响.XRD测试结果证实:掺杂后合金的主相仍为LaNi5相,生成了少量(NiCo)3 Ti相.(...     

共沉淀法合成YAl3（BO3）4:Ce,Tb绿色荧光粉及其性能研究

采用化学共沉淀法合成YAl3(BO3)4:Ce,Tb绿色硼铝酸盐发光材料,通过X射线衍射(XRD)和光致发光(PL)光谱对其晶体结构和荧光光谱进行研究.测试结果表明:YAl3(BO3)4:Ce,Tb发光材料属于三方晶系、空间群R32,掺入Ce3+,Tb3+离子后晶格结构没有变化;发光材料的发射光谱主峰位于541 nm处的Tb3+的5D4→7F5跃迁峰,Ce3+离子对Tb3+有敏化作用;掺杂的稀土离子配比为Ce:Tb=0.3:0.1,B的掺杂量为25%,在1 100℃下、高温烧结2h的样品的荧光强度最好.     

LaNi_（3.8）Co_（1.1）Mn_（0.1）/TiMn_（1.5）贮氢合金的结构和性能

为了探索一种新的掺杂方式对AB5型贮氢合金贮氢性能的影响,采用熔炼掺杂方法制备La-Ni3.8Co1.1Mn0.1/TiMn1.5（TiMn1.5质量分数为4%、8%）贮氢合金,利用PCTPro-2000气体吸附测量仪研究了合金的气态储氢性能。XRD和SEM分析显示,熔炼掺杂后合金主相为LaNi5相,出现少量（NiCo）3Ti相。P-C-T测试结果表明,（NiCo）3Ti相的出现对合金气态贮氢性能有较大影响,熔炼掺杂后合金吸放氢平台压和滞后效应降低,贮氢容量减少。掺杂TiMn1.5使得合金的氢化物的生成焓由原始合金的-27.35kJ/mol降至-29.14kJ/mol（掺杂质量分数8%的TiMn1.5）,较高温度有利于合金中氢的释放,同时掺杂形成的（NiCo）3Ti相改善了合金吸/放氢动力学性能。     

Direct hydrothermal synthesis and magnetic property of titanate nanotubes doped magnetic metal ions

Pure titanate nanotubes and titanate nanotubes doped with Fe3 /Ni2 /Mn2 ions were synthesized by the hydrothermal method. In this process, titanate nanotubes were first prepared synchronously with doping Fe3 /Ni2 /Mn2 ions. The morphology,structure, thermal stability and magnetic property of titanate nanotubes were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscope (TEM), and magnetic measurement. The titanate nanotubes transformed into the anatase titania nanocrystals,and further the mixture of anatase and rutile titania along with increasing temperature. The results indicate that the titanate nanotubes doped with Fe3 /Ni2 /Mn2 ions are paramagnetic behaviors.     

Electronic structures of nickel metal with hydrogen impurity

By using a first-principles numerical method, the electronic structures of face-centered cubic Ni doped with H, H+ and H- are investigated. In two adopted cluster models, H occupies the centers of octahedron and tetrahedron as interstitial. It was found that the former is preferentially occupied. The constructed Ni-H, Ni-H+ and Ni-H- bonds are only slightly different due to electron flowing. The residual (doping H-) or insufficient (doping H+) electrons are basically absorbed or supplied by the further matrix atoms. The additions induce a strong reduction of the interactions between their first neighbor atoms, but a weaker alteration of those between their first and second neighbors, which is the expression of hydrogen local effect and can be regarded as an explanation of hydrogen embrittlement.     

Effects of Si and Ce on the microstructure and hydrogen storage property of Ti_(26.5)Cr_(20)V_(45)Fe_(8.5)Ce_(0.5) alloy

In this paper, the effects of Si and Ce on the microstructure and hydrogen storage property of Ti26.5 Cr20V45Fe8.5Ce0.5 alloy were studied, respectively. First of all, effects of Si on the microstructure and hydrogen storage properties of Ti26.5Cr20(V45Fe8.5)1?xSixCe0.5 (x = 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 at%) alloys were studied by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and P-C isotherm measurements. As the Si addition increases, the hydrogen absorption capacities of alloys decrease but the equilibrium pressure increases, due to the formation of Laves phase. Secondly, the effect of Ce on Ti26.5Cr20 (V45Fe8.5)0.98Si2 alloy was studied. It was found that Ce addition is an effective way to eliminate the effect of Si on the hydrogen storage properties of the alloy.     

熔炼掺杂对AB5型贮氢合金的结构和性能影响

为了探索一种新的掺杂方式对AB5型贮氢合金性能的影响,采用熔炼掺杂方法,研究了掺杂适量TiMn1.5合金（掺杂量为4％、8％的TiMn1.5）对成分为‰．La0.7Ni2.65Co0.75Mn0.1的AB5型贮氢合金的结构及性能影响。XRD测试结果证实：掺杂后合金的主相仍为LaNi5相,生成了少量（NiCo）2Ti相。（NiCo）3Ti相的出现对贮氢合金的气态和电化学贮氢性能都有不同程度的降低。合金电极的动力学测试结果表明（线性扫描法和交流阻抗法）：在0．5～2．5C的放电电流密度,掺杂前后的合金电极的反应速率均由电极表面电荷转移速率决定,掺杂4％TiMn1.5的合金样品电极的高倍率放电性能有一定的改善。在3C放电电流密度以上,电极反应速率均由氢扩散速率来控制,随着TiMn1.5的掺杂的增加,其合金电极的高倍率性能降低。     

纳米限域LiBH4/Mg（AlH4）2复合体系的脱氢特性

配位氢化物LiBH4的低温脱氢是制约其实际应用的技术瓶颈之一。采用纳米限域来进一步改善LiBH4/Mg(AlH4)2失稳体系的热解脱氢性能,用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)和能谱(EDX)分别对其晶体结构、微观形貌和元素面分布进行表征,并采用差热分析(DSC)及热重分析(TG)研究样品的脱氢过程。结果表明,纳米限域下LiBH4/Mg(AlH4)2复合体系的脱氢性能得到了显著改善,与纯LiBH4/Mg(AlH4)2体系相比,纳米限域作用不仅使复合体系的初始脱氢温度降低了70℃,而且还将脱氢反应动力学性能提高了近7倍。     

加硼多晶Ni3Al中氢的扩散系数

使用加硼Ｎｉ３Ａｌ的板材拉伸试样，经电解渗氢后在纯氧中拉断，测定表面沿晶深度的方法。系统研究了Ｎｉ－２１％Ａｌ合金中硼含量对氢扩散系数的影响。结果表明，Ｎｉ３Ａｌ中硼的加入，强烈降低氢的扩散系数，从而证明了加入足够量硼能有效地抑制Ｎｉ３Ａｌ的环境氢脆的原因。     

铜掺杂TiO2的制备、表征及光催化产氢性能

研究制备了高活性的铜掺杂二氧化钛光催化剂,并采用X射线衍射（XRD）和紫外-可见漫反射光谱（UV-Vis DRS）对其进行了表征。以葡萄糖为电子供体,系统地研究了铜掺杂量、煅烧温度、葡萄糖初始浓度对二氧化钛光催化产氢性能的影响。结果表明：少量铜离子掺杂对二氧化钛的晶相无影响,但能显著地改善其光吸收性能。最佳的铜掺杂量为3%,该催化剂4 h的产氢量达25 mL,是纯二氧化钛产氢量的近2倍。     

Growth and characterization of doped CeO2 buffers on Ni-W substrates for coated conductors using metal organic deposition method

CeO2 and Ce0.8M0.2O2-d films (M = Mn, Y, Gd, Sm, Nd and La) with (00l) preferred orientation have been prepared on biaxially textured Ni-W substrates by metal organic decomposition (MOD) method. The factors influencing the formation of cracks on the surface of these CeO2 and doped CeO2 films on Ni-W substrates were explored by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis, atomic force microscopy (AFM) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The results indicate that many factors, such as the change of the ionic radii of doping cations, the transformation of crystal structure and the formation of oxygen vacancies in lattices at high annealing temperature, may be related to the formation of cracks on the surface of these films. However, the crack formation shows no dependence on the crystal lattice mismatch degree of the films with Ni-W substrates. Moreover, the suppression of surface cracks is related to the change of intrinsic elasticity of CeO2 film with doping of cations with a larger radius. SEM and AFM investigations of Ce0.8M0.2O2-d (M = Y, Gd, Sm, Nd and La) films reveal the dense, smooth and crack-free microstructure, and their lattice parameters match well with that of YBCO, illuminating that they are potentially suitable to be as buffer layer, especially as cap layer in multi-layer architecture of buffer layer for coated conductors.     

掺杂聚苯胺吸波材料的研究

用不同化学合成方法分别制备了HCl-PAn、H2SO4-PAn、H2SO4-PAn-FeCl3和DBSA-PAn粉末，采用3cm波导式测量线在8～14GHz频率范围内，用多点拟合的实验和计算方法对掺杂聚苯胺的微波吸收特性及参量进行了研究。并将HCl-PAn和DBSA-PAn粉末与石蜡共混复合，制备了聚苯胺复合材料，着重研究了这2种聚苯胺用量对复合材料电导率的影响。结果表明，DBSA-PAn复合材料的电导率突变较HCl-PAn复合材料早，同时，令人注意的是，将HCl-PAn与浓H2SO4-PAn-FeCl3按一定的比例混合，可以合成出平均衰减为13．37dB、最大衰减为26．7dB、密度为0．7g／cm^3、频宽为10．34～14GHz的有利于吸收微波的材料。     

Influence of Temperature on Electrochemical Performances of Rare Earth Based Hydrogen Storage Material

1 IntroductionRare earth-based hydrogenstorage alloys ofAB5typehave beenthe most major electrode material for small-sizeNi/MHbatteries because of their high discharge capacity,superior highrate capability andfavorable ratio of pricetoperformance. But their electrochemical performances be-come worse when the alloys are applied to large-size Ni/MHbatteries of electric vehicles .Thisfact may be due tothe rising of temperature inside the large batteries causedbythe high electric current of char…     

稀土修饰TiO2光催化降解甲基橙反应机理

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备纯的及掺杂不同量Ce的TiO2纳米粒子,利用UV-Vis漫反射光谱及XRD等对所制备样品进行表征,以紫外灯为光源,甲基橙水溶液的脱色为模型反应,研究了CeO2/TiO2的光催化降解反应活性.实验发现:掺杂Ce的TiO2纳米粒子反射光谱特性向可见光方向红移到了500nm;掺杂Ce的TiO2纳米粒子比纯的TiO2纳米粒子对光的吸收率高、吸收能力强;掺杂的Ce4+仅有少量进入TiO2晶格中,而大部分的Ce4+没有进入TiO2晶格中,而是以小团簇的CeO2形态均匀地分散在TiO2纳米粒子中或者是覆盖在其表面上,说明了掺杂Ce能提高TiO2光催化反应活性,且掺杂Ce最佳浓度是2.0mol%.光催化降解反应机理可能有两种途径,一种途径是掺杂离子协同光催化降解甲基橙反应机理,另一种途径是光敏剂与掺杂离子协同光催化降解甲基橙反应机理.     

多元掺杂负载型TiO_2光催化剂的制备与性能

为了提高TiO2光催化剂日光催化性能及解决催化剂回收问题,采用微乳液法制备了La3＋、Fe3＋、Co2＋、Ce4＋共掺杂TiO2/粉煤灰微珠光催化剂,用紫外-可见分光光度计测定了光催化剂的可见光吸收性能,用能谱仪（EDS）分析了催化剂的元素含量,以甲基橙为模型污染物考察了催化剂的光催化性能。实验结果表明：掺杂复合粒子在可见光区吸光性能均高于TiO2/漂珠;且多元素掺杂有协同作用,催化剂的吸收边带红移更多,对可见光的吸收也更强。日光照射下（Co2＋,Fe3＋,Ce4＋）三元共掺杂催化剂的活性≈（La3＋,Ce4＋）二元共掺杂催化剂的活性〉Fe3＋、La3＋单掺杂催化剂的活性。     

中温固体电解质Ce_(0.8)Gd_(0.2-x)Y_xO_(2-δ)(x=0,0.05,0.10)的制备与性能研究

用溶胶-凝胶法合成了固体电解质Ce0.8Gd0.2-xYxO2-δ(x=0,0.05,0.10).用X射线衍射谱、拉曼光谱分析了样品的微观结构,用交流复阻抗谱研究了样品的电学性能.结果表明:800℃焙烧的所有样品均为具有氧缺位的单相立方萤石结构,晶胞参数随钇(Y)掺杂量增加而减小.钇掺杂量x=0.05的样品Ce0.8Gd0.15Y0.05O2-δ的电导率最高,导电活化能最小,(σ700℃=5.58×10-3S·cm-1,Eα=0.92 eV),高于未掺杂Y的Ce0.8Gd0.2O2-δ样品的电导率(σ700℃=5.38×10-3S·cm-1Eα=1.09 eV).说明适量双掺杂Y提高了Ce0.8Gd0.2-xYxO2-δ的电导率并且降低了其活化能.     

Pr~(3+)掺杂的YAG:Ce~(3+)荧光粉的发光性能

以A1(NO3)3.9H2O、Y(NO3)3.6H2O和Ce(NO3)3.6H2O为氧化剂,尿素为还原剂,采用低温燃烧法合成了Pr3+掺杂的YAG:Ce3+光致发光超细荧光粉,研究了镨离子和尿素的掺杂量对YAG:Ce3+粉体发光性能的影响。结果表明,在450℃的低温条件下,利用低温燃烧法可以制备较纯的Pr3+掺杂的YAG:Ce3+荧光粉;掺杂Pr3+增加红光区的发射峰有利于提高YAG:Ce3+荧光粉的显色性;当Pr3+的掺杂量为0.005 0、尿素的添加量按化合价计算的剂量比为1.2倍时用低温燃烧法所制备的YAG:Ce3+超细荧光粉的发光强度最高。     

氧化镍掺杂酚醛树脂热解炭的结构及抗氧化性研究

在酚醛树脂中直接掺杂三氧化镍粉末,研究氧化镍掺杂量、炭化温度对氧化镍改性树脂热解炭结构和氧化温度的影响。用X射线衍射、拉曼光谱、扫描电镜和综合热分析等手段对氧化镍改性树脂热解炭的石墨化度、显微结构及氧化温度进行表征。结果表明,埋炭条件下掺杂三氧化二镍,450～750℃温度下被逐级还原成一氧化镍和单质镍,其催化热解炭形成晶须、片状或块状结构;氧化镍改性树脂热解炭石墨化度随炭化温度升高和氧化镍掺杂量增加而增高,其氧化温度高于酚醛树脂氧化温度;氧化镍的最佳掺杂量为3%～5%。     

LYSO∶Ce纳米粉体的溶胶-共沉淀法制备及其发光性能

采用溶胶-共沉淀法,分别以NH_3·H_2O和NH_4HCO_3为沉淀剂,制备了Lu2(1-x-y)Y2xSiO5∶yCe~(3+)(LYSO∶Ce)纳米粉体。采用XRD、SEM和荧光光谱测试手段对样品进行分析,讨论了沉淀剂、煅烧温度、Y~(3+)掺杂比例对粉体晶相的影响,分析了Ce~(3+)含量和Y~(3+)含量对样品发光性能的影响。结果表明,以NH_4HCO_3为沉淀剂,在煅烧温度为1300℃下,Ce~(3+)含量为0.01,Y~(3+)含量为0.05时LYSO∶Ce样品发光性能最好,并且样品的发光强度高于Lu_2SiO_5∶Ce样品,粉体粒度分布均匀、纯度高、分散性好,粒径在100nm~200nm范围。