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Copolymers of methyl methacrylate (MMA) and fluoroacrylate (FA), with different FA content (0–100 wt %), were prepared by bulk polymerization. The chemical structure was identified by 1H‐NMR and other physical properties were measured by DSC, Abbé refractometer, X‐ray diffractometry, polarized optical microscopy, and DMA. The copolymers were confirmed as random copolymers by Fineman–Ross analysis and first‐order Markov statistics. Increasing the FA content from 0 to 100 wt % decreased the refractive index from 1.492 to 1.368. Copolymers with FA content higher than 70 wt % crystallized and led to low transparency and poor thermal properties. On the other hand, copolymers with FA content lower than 70 wt % was thermally stable (Tg was as high as 60°C) and transparent. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 93: 2082–2089, 2004 相似文献
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A population balance approach is described to follow the time evolution of molecular properties in free-radical copolymerization. The model formulation is based on the two dimensional orthogonal collocation on finite difference (2-OCFD) and method of generating functions (GF) which was properly adopted to calculate time-conversion behavior of styrene-methyl methacrylate copolymerization. A comprehensive model which uses the free volume theory to account for diffusion controlled termination and propagation reactions as well as the variation of the initiator efficiency with respect to the monomer conversion was developed. The model is capable of predicting the conversion, composition and molecular weight development up to limiting conversions. The plasticizing effect of a blowing agent on the rate of copolymerization has been investigated. The phenomenological aspect of rate data is analyzed for the copolymerization of styrene with methyl methacrylate over a full range of conversion and the gel effect index is used to systematize the observations. 相似文献
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A luminescent solar concentrator was prepared that was based on a bulk sheet of poly(methyl methacrylate) doped with different luminescent dyes (K1, K27, and Lpero) during the polymerization process. Photo‐ and thermal‐stability studies revealed that the Lpero dye system is the most stable one. The electronic transition mechanism for the concentrator systems was obtained by the darktrap and phototrap spectroscopy technique. The results were correlated with the outdoor test measurements over 1 year. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 74: 3316–3323, 1999 相似文献
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Siti Hajjar Che Man Azanam S. Hashim Hazizan Md. Akil 《Journal of Polymer Research》2008,15(5):357-364
The graft copolymerization of styrene/methyl methacrylate (MMA) onto deproteinized natural rubber (DPNR) latex was carried
out using ammonium peroxy disulfate (N2H8O8S2) as the initiator. The presence of the grafted polystyrene (PS) and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) on the rubber backbone
was confirmed by FTIR spectroscopy. The effects of monomer concentrations on curing characteristics and mechanical properties
were studied. It was found that the cure time and scorch time were increased with increasing monomer concentration whereas
the torquemax–min value was slightly decreased. It was also noted that the increase in the monomer concentration resulted in stiffer rubber
with increased modulus and reduced elongation at break. 相似文献
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Shuichi Sato Masato Ichikawa Takamasa Ose Sou Miyata Yoichi Takahashi Shinji Kanehashi Hironaga Matsumoto Kazukiyo Nagai 《Polymer International》2013,62(9):1377-1385
4,4'‐(Hexafluoroisopropylidene) diphthalic anhydride 2,3,5,6‐tetramethyl‐1,4‐phenylenediamine (6FDA‐TeMPD) polyimide macroinitiator was synthesized and reacted with poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) to form an ABA‐type triblock copolymer by atom transfer radical polymerization. The effect of the ABA‐type triblock copolymer structure on solid, thermal, optical and gas transport properties was systematically investigated and compared with the physical blend polymer. The blend polymer was cloudy, whereas the triblock copolymer was colorless and transparent. The PMMA component decomposition temperature for the triblock copolymer slightly shifted to higher temperature, while its gas barrier property was higher than the blend polymer. The refractive index and the gas permeability decreased while maintaining the heat resistance by a high nanoscale distribution of both polymer components. The 6FDA‐TeMPD/PMMA ABA‐type triblock copolymer can be described as a polymer material with high heat resistance, high gas barrier property and low refractive index amongst existing polymers. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
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Jemy James Rosemary Johnson Anjali R. Nair Nitin George Eapen Blessy Joseph Guillaume Vignaud Yves Grohens David Laroze Sana Kabdrakhmanova Nandakumar Kalarikkal Sabu Thomas 《应用聚合物科学杂志》2024,141(8):e54977
The objective of this study was to investigate the fundamental aspects of acrylic resin and zirconia nanoparticle interaction to analyze the optical properties and subsequent changes in refractive index with incremental loading of nanoparticles. Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) reinforced with zirconia nanoparticles were prepared by dip coating, spin coating and solvent casting techniques. An overall understanding of the polymer nanocomposite film has been achieved using the spectroscopic and morphological studies. The vital aspect of this whole study is to derive a simple yet an efficient nanocomposite film capable of imparting extraordinary optical properties. Within the limitations of this research a very crucial property of the material has been revealed. The RI as well as the optical transparency of the nanocomposite film has been steadily maintained with a significant increase of RI by the magnitude of 0.06 and ~100% light transmittance on incorporation of pure zirconia nanoparticles into PMMA matrix has been achieved. The best technique found was spin coating as it could yield thin films and better transparency and higher refractive index. 相似文献
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Jun Shen Wei Jiang Ying Liu Rongqing Wei Xiaoning Liu Yu Zhong Jie Xu Linling Li Gi Xue 《应用聚合物科学杂志》2012,124(5):3905-3911
Poly(methyl methacrylate)‐poly(L ‐lactic acid)‐poly(methyl methacrylate) tri‐block copolymer was prepared using atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). The structure and properties of the copolymer were analyzed using infrared spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatography, nuclear magnetic resonance (1H‐NMR, 13C‐NMR), thermogravimetry, and differential scanning calorimetry. The kinetic plot for the ATRP of methyl methacrylate using poly(L ‐lactic acid) (PLLA) as the initiator shows that the reaction time increases linearly with ln[M]0/[M]. The results indicate that it is possible to achieve grafted chains with well‐defined molecular weights, and block copolymers with narrowed molecular weight distributions. The thermal stability of PLLA is improved by copolymerization. A new wash‐extraction method for removing copper from the ATRP has also exhibits satisfactory results. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012 相似文献
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Blends of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) with different composition viz., 5, 10, 15, and 20 wt % of ethylene‐vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymer were prepared by extrusion in a corotating twin screw extruder. These prepared PMMA/EVA blends have been characterized for physicomechanical properties such as density, surface hardness, izod impact strength, tensile strength, tensile elongation, and tensile modulus. The chemical aging and heat aging tests were performed on the blends by exposing them to different chemical environments and to 80°C for 168 h respectively. The influence of chemical aging and heat ageing on the mechanical performance of PMMA/EVA blends has been studied. The PMMA/EVA blends were also characterized for thermal properties such as vicat softening point (VSP) and melt flow index (MFI). That means significant improvement in impact strength of PMMA was noticed after incorporation of EVA into PMMA matrix and it lies in the range 19.1–31.96 J/m. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007 相似文献
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Reactivity ratios and copolymer properties of 2‐(diisopropylamino)ethyl methacrylate with methyl methacrylate and styrene
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Free radical copolymerization kinetics of 2‐(diisopropylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DPA) with styrene (ST) or methyl methacrylate (MMA) was investigated and the corresponding copolymers obtained were characterized. Polymerization was performed using tert‐butylperoxy‐2‐ethylhexanoate (0.01 mol dm?3) as initiator, isothermally (70 °C) to low conversions (<10 wt%) in a wide range of copolymer compositions (10 mol% steps). The reactivity ratios of the monomers were calculated using linear Kelen–Tüd?s (KT) and nonlinear Tidwell–Mortimer (TM) methods. The reactivity ratios for MMA/DPA were found to be r1 = 0.99 and r2 = 1.00 (KT), r1 = 0.99 and r2 = 1.03 (TM); for the ST/DPA system r1 = 2.74, r2 = 0.54 (KT) and r1 = 2.48, r2 = 0.49 (TM). It can be concluded that copolymerization of MMA with DPA is ideal while copolymerization of ST with DPA has a small but noticeable tendency for block copolymer building. The probabilities for formations of dyad and triad monomer sequences dependent on monomer compositions were calculated from the obtained reactivity ratios. The molar mass distribution, thermal stability and glass transition temperatures of synthesized copolymers were determined. Hydrophobicity of copolymers depending on the composition was determined using contact angle measurements, decreasing from hydrophobic polystyrene and poly(methyl methacrylate) to hydrophilic DPA. Copolymerization reactivity ratios are crucial for the control of copolymer structural properties and conversion heterogeneity that greatly influence the applications of copolymers as rheology modifiers of lubricating oils or in drug delivery systems. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
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A series of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) blends have been prepared with different compositions viz., 5, 10, 15, and 20 wt % ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymer by melt blending method in Haake Rheocord. The effect of different compositions of EVA on the physico‐mechanical and thermal properties of PMMA and EVA copolymer blends have been studied. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) has been employed to investigate the phase behavior of PMMA/EVA blends from the point of view of component specific interactions, molecular motions and morphology. The resulting morphologies of the various blends also studied by optical microscope. The DSC analysis indicates the phase separation between the PMMA matrix and EVA domains. The impact strength analysis revealed a substantial increase in impact strength from 19 to 32 J/m. The TGA analysis reveals the reduction in onset of thermal degradation temperature of PMMA with increase in EVA component of the blend. The optical microscope photographs have demonstrated the PMMA/EVA system had a microphase separated structure consisting of dispersed EVA domains within a continuous PMMA matrix. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007 相似文献
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In the first step of this study, 2-[(methoxy-1,3-benzothiazole-2-yl)amino]-2-oxoethyl methacrylate (MBAOM) monomer was synthesized and characterized. Then, a series copolymers were obtained by free-radical copolymerization method of MBAOM and glycidyl methacrylate, which is a commercial monomer at 65°C in 1,4-dioxane solvent. Structural characterizations of synthesized monomer and copolymers were carried out using Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H and 13C-NMR) instruments. The composition of the copolymers was estimated by elemental analysis. The thermal behaviors of all the polymers have been investigated using the differential scanning calorimetry and the thermogravimetric analysis. A kinetic study of the thermal decomposition of copolymers was investigated using thermogravimetric analyzer with non-isothermal methods selected for analyzing solid-state kinetics data. The activation energy (Ea) values were calculated via Kissinger and Ozawa models in a period of α = 0.10–0.80. Photostability of the copolymers was investigated. Also, the biological activity of the copolymers against different bacterial and fungal species has been investigated. 相似文献
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Masaya Okamoto 《应用聚合物科学杂志》2001,80(14):2670-2675
Polycarbonates (PCs) having poly(methyl methacrylate)s (PMMAs) as graft chains were prepared by the polycondensation of PC oligomers bearing chloroformate groups as the end groups with dicarboxyl‐terminated PMMA macromonomers, which were prepared by the radical polymerization of methyl methacrylate in the presence of thiomalic acid as a chain transfer. The resulting PC‐PMMA graft copolymers were transparent in comparison with PC/PMMA blend polymers, and had higher Vickers hardness than blend polymers when both of them had the same PMMA content. According to the results of multiple regression analysis, the improvement of Vickers hardness was conducive to length (46%) and number (37%) of PMMA branches. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 80: 2670–2675, 2001 相似文献
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Liucheng Zhang Guodong Liu Rongqin Ji Yanmei Yao Xiongwei Qu Liting Yang Jungang Gao 《Polymer International》2003,52(1):74-80
Poly(MMA‐ran‐St) samples were synthesized under monomer‐starved conditions (drop feeding method) by emulsion copolymerization. Their thermostability was determined by thermogravimetric analysis. The glass transition temperature (Tg) of the copolymers was determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and torsional braid analysis (TBA). The results showed that the MMA–St copolymers exhibit an asymmetric Tg versus composition curve, which could not be interpreted by Johnston's equation, taking the different contributions of the diads to the Tg of the copolymer into consideration. A new sequence distribution equation taking into account the different contributions of the triads was proposed to predict the copolymer Tg. The new equation fitted the experimental data exactly. The Tg determined by torsional braid analysis (TBA) is higher than the one determined by DSC, but the difference is not constant. The rheological behaviour of the copolymers was also studied and TgTBA‐TgDSC increased with the increasing flow index of the copolymer. © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
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The free‐radical‐initiated copolymerization of 2‐(4‐acetylphenoxy)‐2‐oxoethyl‐2‐methylacrylate (AOEMA) and 2‐(4‐benzoylphenoxy)‐2‐oxoethyl‐2‐methylacrylate (BOEMA) with 2‐[(4‐fluorophenyoxy]‐2‐oxoethyl‐2‐methylacrylate (FPEMA) were carried out in 1,4‐dioxane solution at 65°C using 2,2′‐azobisisobutyronitrile as an initiator with different monomer‐to‐monomer ratios in the feed. The monomers and copolymers were characterized by FTIR and 1H‐ and 13C‐NMR spectral studies. 1H‐NMR analysis was used to determine the molar fractions of AOEMA, BOEMA, and FPEMA in the copolymers. The reactivity ratios of the monomers were determined by the application of Fineman‐Ross and Kelen‐Tudos methods. The analysis of reactivity ratios revealed that BOEMA and AOEMA are less reactive than FPEMA, and copolymers formed are statistically in nature. The molecular weights (M w and M n) and polydispersity index of the polymers were determined using gel permeation chromatography. Thermogravimetric analysis of the polymers reveals that the thermal stability of the copolymers increases with an increase in the mole fraction of FPEMA in the copolymers. Glass transition temperatures of the copolymers were found to decrease with an increase in the mole fraction of FPEMA in the copolymers. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009 相似文献
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The copolymers of p‐phenylene di{4‐[2‐(allyloxy) ethoxy]benzoate} (p‐PAEB) with n‐propyl methacrylate (PMA) were synthesized. The liquid crystalline behavior and thermal properties of copolymers were studied by polarizing optical microscopy (POM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X‐ray diffractometer (XRD), and torsional braid analysis (TBA). The results of XRD, POM, and DSC demonstrate that the phase texture of copolymers is affected by the composition of liquid crystal units in copolymers. The POM and XRD reveal that liquid crystal monomer (p‐PAEB) and copolymers of p‐PAEB with PMA are all smectic phase texture. The dynamic mechanical properties of copolymers are investigated with TBA. The results indicate that the phase transition temperatures and dynamic mechanical loss peak temperature Tp of copolymers are affected by the composition of copolymers and liquid crystal cross networks. The maximal mechanical loss Tp is 114°C and is decreased with added PMA. The behaviors of phase transition are affected by the crosslinking density, and it is revisable for lightly crosslinking LC polymer networks, but it is nonreversible for the densely crosslinking of LC polymer networks. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008 相似文献
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A novel acrylic monomer, 4-cyanophenyl acrylate (CPA) was synthesized by reacting 4-cyanophenol dissolved in methyl ethyl
ketone with acryloyl chloride in the presence of triethylamine as a catalyst. Copolymers of CPA with methyl methacrylate (MMA)
at different composition was prepared by free radical solution polymerization at 70 ± 1 °C using benzoyl peroxide as an initiator.
The copolymers were characterized by FT-IR, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR spectroscopic techniques. The solubility tests were checked in various polar and non polar solvents. The molecular weight
and polydispersity indices of the copolymers were estimated by using gel permeation chromatography. The glass transition temperature
of the copolymers increases with increases MMA content. The thermal stability of the copolymer increases with increases in
mole fraction of CPA content in the copolymer. The copolymer composition was determined by using 1H-NMR spectra. The monomer reactivity ratios determined by the application of linearization methods such Fineman–Ross (r
1 = 0.535, r
2 = 0. 0.632), Kelen–Tudos (r
1 = 0.422, r
2 = 0.665) and extended Kelen–Tudos methods (r
1 = 0.506, r
2 = 0. 0.695). 相似文献
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Transparency is a key material property of polycarbonate (PC), polystyrene (PS), and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). To study the optical properties of particle‐filled PC, PS, and PMMA, composites containing inorganic particles in different sizes and concentrations were produced by direct melt mixing in this work. The optical properties characterized by total light transmittance, haze, and clarity were studied. The results show that the optical properties of polymer composites are strongly affected by particle content, particle size, and especially by difference in refractive indices between polymer matrix and particles. It is also revealed that the light transmittance and haze of composites are mainly affected by difference in refractive indices, whereas the clarity is more affected by particle size. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010 相似文献
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The synthesis, characterization, and thermal properties of copolymers of methyl methacrylate (MMA) and N‐(p‐carboxyphenyl) methacrylamide/acrylamide (CPMA/CPA) are described. The copolymerization was carried out in solution by taking different mole fractions (0.1–0.5) of CPMA/CPA in the initial feed using azobisisobutyronitrile as an initiator and dimethylformamide as a solvent at 60°C. The copolymer composition was determined from 1H‐NMR spectra by taking the ratio of the proton resonance signal due to the OCH3 of MMA (δ = 3.59 ppm) and the aromatic protons (δ = 7.6–7.8 ppm) of CPMA/CPA. The monomer reactivity ratios of MMA:CPMA and MMA:CPA were determined using the Fineman Ross and Kelen Tudos methods and were found to be 1.32 ± 0.01 [MMA], 1.11 ± 0.02 [CPMA], 2.60 ± 0.01 [MMA], and 0.20 ± 0.01 [CPA]. Incorporation of these comonomers in the MMA backbone resulted in an improvement in the glass‐transition temperature and thermal stability. The percent char also increased with the increase of CPMA/CPA content in the copolymers. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 78: 259–267, 2000 相似文献