几种除草剂防除直播稻田稗草和千金子的效果

试验结果表明，直播早稻芽期每亩用１０％吡嘧黄隆可湿性粉剂１０克、立针期每亩用３０％丙草胺乳油１００毫升、１７．２％哌草丹－苄嘧黄隆可湿性粉剂２００克、一叶一心期亩用３４％二氯喹啉酸－苄嘧黄隆可湿性粉剂２８克、二叶一心期每亩用５０％二氯喹啉酸丁湿性粉剂２５克加１０％吡嘧黄隆可湿性粉剂１０克，对稗草和千金子均有理想的防除效果，鲜重防效分别为８８．３￣９９．１％和９２．３％￣１００％，且对水稻安全。     

三氯喹啉酸防除不同叶龄稗草效果

２５％二氯喹啉酸可湿性粉剂的不同用量对不同叶龄的稗草都有较好的防效，而且对水稻安全。每亩用４０克对２－３叶龄稗草的株防效达８５－９５％；５０克对４－５叶龄稗草株防效达６５－８５％；６０克对６－７叶龄、８０克对７叶龄以上稗草株防效达６０％左右，以上各处理的鲜重防效均有８５％以上。亩用１００克孕穗至抽穗期稗草的抑制率达１００％，中毒稗草叶片枯黄，植株矮小，不能正常抽穗，结实。     

土壤湿度对二氯喹啉酸药效及玉米安全性的影响

二氯喹啉酸(quinclorac)是优秀的稻田除稗剂。本试验通过研究土壤湿度对二氯喹啉酸除稗效果及对玉米安全性的影响。探讨二氯喹啉酸作为茎叶处理剂在玉米田施用的可行性。稗草和玉米作为生物材料，室内模拟不同的土壤湿度条件，运用二次正交旋转组合设计，以稗草鲜重及玉米生长率为目标函数，建立数学模型。模型解析结果表明。当土壤湿度相同时，二氯喹啉酸用量是除草效果及玉米安全性的关键，土壤湿度对二氯喹啉酸药效及玉米安全性有不同程度的影响。对稗草的防效及对玉米的抑制作用都随土壤湿度的增加而增加；在各土壤湿度条件下达到较好防效的二氯喹啉酸施药剂量对玉米安全性较好。从本试验来看，二氯喹啉酸有被开发为玉米田茎叶处理防除禾本科杂草除草剂的可能性。     

几种三氮苯类除草剂的除草效果比较及对作物的安全性评价

通过室内生物测定，研究了几种三氮苯类除草剂对几种杂草防治效果和对作物的安全性。结果表明，40％莠去津悬浮剂O．04ga．i．／hm^2对牵牛防治效果最好；50％赛克津可湿性粉剂O．04ga．i．／hm^2对稗草和茼麻防治效果最好：50％氰草津可湿性粉剂200g／667m。对玉米和棉花安全性较高．在土壤处理时50％阿灭净可湿性粉剂200g/亩对花生、大豆有较高安全性。     

二氯喹啉酸防除水稻秧田稗草试验

二氯喹啉酸是新型的稻田除稗用除草剂,我地水稻秧田杂草优势种以稗草为主,因此,非常适合水稻秧田的应用推广。为明确和掌握二氯喹啉酸的除稗效果和使用方法,1991年我们引进试验示范。现将结果整理如下。一、材料和方法供试药剂:50%二氯喹啉酸可湿性粉剂(沈阳化工研究院研制)、10%吡嘧黄隆可湿     

早稻抛秧田一次性化学除草效果试验

本文介绍了应用３５％丁苄可湿性粉剂、５０％二氯喹啉酸加１０％苄嘧黄隆超微可湿性粉剂与泥土混和措施施对早稻抛秧田要草的防除效果，安全性和增产作用，试验结果表明，在水稻抛载后５天施丁苄１２０克１５０克以及抛栽后７天施二氯喹啉酸３０克加苄嘧共隆１５克对划稻抛秧田的主要杂草如稗草、异型莎草、鸭香草、节节苯和矮慈姑等均有显著的防效，其总体防治效果可分别达到９６．１％、９７．１％和９８．７％，且对水稻生长无不     

二氯喹啉酸防除不同叶龄稗草效果

２５％二氯喹啉酸可湿性粉剂的不同用量对不同叶龄的稗草都有较好的防效，而且对水稻安全。每亩用４０克对２～３叶龄稗草的株防效达８５～９５％；５０克对４～５叶龄稗草株防效达６５～８５％；６０克对６～７叶龄、８０克对７叶龄以上稗草株防效达６０％左右，以上各处理的鲜重防效均在８５％以上。亩用１００克对孕穗至抽穗期稗草的抑制率达１００％，中毒稗草叶片枯黄，植株矮小，不能正常抽穗、结实。     

二氯喹啉酸防除稻田杂草试验示范总结

1990－1993年田间试验结果表明，二氯喹啉酸对4－6叶期稗草具有特效，在稗草1－3叶期施用剂量30－40克／亩，4－6叶期施用剂量40－60克／亩，均对水稻安全，施药时，以排干稻田中的水，喷雾处理药效最佳，宜与灭草松，2甲4氯，苄嘧黄隆混用，扩大杀草谱 ，可防除整个水稻生育期杂草，持效期为30－35天。     

农化

▲山东招远市第一化工厂研制成功新杀虫剂25％蚜铃光(甲丙)乳油,形成1000吨/年能力。 ▲江苏昆化集团公司与沈阳化工研究院共同开发的水田化学除草剂神锄(50％二氯喹啉酸可湿性粉剂),形成1000吨/年能力,可同时生产二氯喹啉酸-苯达松、二氯喹啉酸-吡嘧黄隆等可湿性粉剂。     

高效液相色谱法测定快·扑可湿性粉剂中二氯喹啉酸和扑草净

采用高效液相色谱法测定快·扑可湿性粉剂中的二氯喹啉酸（快杀稗）和扑草净。建立了二氯喹啉酸和扑草净的高效液相色谱测定方法,色谱条件为以ＹＷＧ－Ｃ１８国固定相,甲醇－水（８０：２０）为流动相,紫外检测波长２５４ｎｍ,流速为１ｍｌ／ｍｉｎ。二氯喹啉酸和扑草净的变异系数为１．４７８０％和２．８１６１％,平均回收率分别为９７．０７％和９８．１７％,工作曲线的相关系数分别为：ｒ二＝０．９８７４、ｒ扑＝０．９７     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。