铜缓蚀剂的研究现状与进展

介绍了铜缓蚀剂的最新研究成果,分别论述了铜缓蚀剂在酸性介质、氯离子介质、海水介质和近中性水溶液中缓蚀剂间的协同效应、缓蚀剂的研究方法及预处理等方面的研究现状及发展动态.     

海水介质中缓蚀剂研究的回顾和展望

介绍了国内外海水介质中缓蚀剂的发展过程，阐述了海水介质中缓蚀剂的研究开发情况，展望了该领域的研究方向。     

海水缓蚀剂的研究现状与展望

概述了海水及模拟海水中无机、有机、复配、其他缓蚀剂的种类、作用及国内外研究现状,重点介绍了有机和复配缓蚀剂对碳钢和铜的缓蚀效果,展望了海水缓蚀剂的研究和发展方向.     

天然海水中钼酸盐复合缓蚀剂对A3钢的缓蚀效果

已有的海水缓蚀剂多局限于模拟环境,在天然海水中的适应性较差.将A3钢浸于添加了钼酸盐复合缓蚀剂的海水中,研究了浸泡时间、缓蚀剂组分投加顺序、海水温度、氯离子浓度、pH值、杀菌剂类型对缓蚀剂缓蚀效果的影响.结果表明:试片在含有钼酸盐复合缓蚀剂的海水中浸泡40 min的阻抗谱直径比浸泡24 h的稍大,在空白海水中浸泡40 min和24 h的阻抗谱直径相差较大,即复合缓蚀剂对浸泡时间有一定的适应性;缓蚀剂组分投加时先加入钼酸盐,试片自腐蚀电位最大,阳极极化曲线斜率变化较明显,该缓蚀剂是以钼酸盐为主剂的复合型缓蚀剂;复合钼酸盐缓蚀剂在海水温度为30～60℃、pH值为6～10内使用,缓蚀率变化较小,对冷却水系统常用的杀菌剂也有良好的适应性,并适用于NaCl质量分数小于8%的海水循环冷却系统.     

动态热海水中碳钢材料缓蚀剂的研究

为提高碳钢材料在动态热海水中的耐腐蚀性能,优选了葡萄糖酸钠等3种成分组成的复合缓蚀剂考察其缓蚀效果和作用机理.采用模拟海水成分及动态试验条件下测试缓蚀剂对碳钢的缓蚀率,利用阳极极化曲线和扫描电镜研究复合缓蚀剂对钢铁材料在模拟海水中腐蚀过程的影响规律.实验结果表明,复合缓蚀剂各组分之间具有协同效应,在80℃动态海水中对碳钢的缓蚀率为85.8%,在25℃静态海水中对碳钢的缓蚀率可达94.5%.复合缓蚀剂提高动态热海水环境中钢铁耐腐蚀性能的主要原因是可在其表面形成一层致密的缓蚀钝化膜.     

海水介质中碳钢"绿色"缓蚀剂缓蚀过程的研究

采用电化学方法研究了自制的高效、绿色复合缓蚀剂（葡萄糖酸钙、硫酸锌和具有多个配位基团的酯类物质——OCTA）在海水介质中对碳钢的缓蚀作用过程．结果表明,单一的硫酸锌是阴极型缓蚀剂,葡萄糖酸钙和OCTA是阳极型缓蚀剂,复配的缓蚀剂是混合型缓蚀剂．复合缓蚀剂在碳钢表面的成膜过程初步认为是OCTA与葡萄糖酸根离子协同与溶液中金属阳离子发生络合反应,生成三维吸附膜,锌离子在阴极形成氢氧化锌沉淀膜,使得两种缓蚀剂膜优势互补,提高了膜的保护性能．     

海水介质中复配型水杨醛类席夫碱对碳钢的缓蚀作用

为了研究复配型水杨醛类席夫碱在碳钢表面的缓蚀机理和缓蚀行为,利用电化学方法和表面分析技术测试了碳钢在加入缓蚀剂前后的海水介质中的极化曲线、交流阻抗谱和微观形貌,计算了缓蚀率。结果表明:复配型水杨醛类席夫碱具有明显的缓蚀效果;碳钢表面形成了缓蚀膜,其原子与碳钢表面铁原子相互结合。     

海水中钨酸盐复合缓蚀剂对碳钢的缓蚀性能

将海水用于工业可大量节省淡水资源,但海水会对金属设备产生严重腐蚀.采用失重法、极化曲线和表面分析技术就海水中钨酸盐复合缓蚀剂对碳钢(A3)的缓蚀性能及缓蚀机理进行了研究,确定了与钨酸盐具有较好协同效应的缓蚀剂配方.结果表明:单一的钨酸盐对海水中碳钢的缓蚀率随其浓度的增加而增加,浓度低缓蚀率低,40 mg/L以下会加速碳钢腐蚀;四元复合缓蚀剂中钨酸盐、柠檬酸、HEDP和锌盐浓度分别为30,40,10,3 mg/L时,对A3钢的缓蚀率超过93%;单一钨酸盐及其复合缓蚀剂均为阳极型缓蚀剂;添加缓蚀剂后A3钢表面以氧化铁为主要成分,钨与磷也参与了不溶性沉淀膜的形成,有效地抑制了海水对碳钢的腐蚀.     

国内期刊纵览

２００００２０１化学镀镍加速剂的研究──王红艳．腐蚀与防护（月刊），１９９９，２０（１１）：４８８ 研究了酸性化学镀镍溶液中加速剂对沉积速度、氢的析出量、镀层含磷量和镀层耐腐蚀性能的影响。并用电化学方法测定了化学镀镍过程的阴极、阳极极化曲线，找到了一种较理想的加速剂。２００００２０２ ＹＫＩ－５海水介质缓蚀剂对９０７Ａ钢的缓蚀行为及其机理研究──赵永韬．腐蚀与防护（月刊），１９９９，２０（１１）：４９０ ＹＫＩ－５海水介质缓蚀剂主要成分为多元醇磷酸酯、多元醇聚磷酸酯、聚磷酸盐、正磷酸盐等。本工作运…     

杀生缓蚀剂EGD在LNG接收站中的应用分析

针对LNG接收站工艺海水系统中存在的海生物附着问题,对新一代杀生缓蚀剂EGD的作用机理和已有的工程运行经验分析.比较EGD加药装置与传统电解海水制氯的优点,推荐EGD作为杀生缓蚀剂在LNG海水系统应用.     

铜及其合金缓蚀剂的研究进展

使用缓蚀剂是解决铜及其合金腐蚀问题的有效方法之一。本文综述了无机、有机、天然高分子等缓蚀剂及自组装技术在提高铜及其合金耐蚀性能方面的研究现状,并对其发展趋势进行了展望。     

Present state of corrosion inhibitors in Japan

In this report, the utilization, research and development of corrosion inhibitors in Japan and the action mechanism of corrosion inhibitors are explained, and their effects and future utilization are also described. In Japan, corrosion inhibitor was commercialized in the 1970s, and the use of these showed the rapid elongation as a countermeasure of the use of sea sand as an aggregate for the period 1975–1977 and the use of corrosion inhibitors decreased after 1979 because of the regulation for the total amounts of chloride in concrete in the standards. Then, amounts of concretes with corrosion inhibitors decreased in 1990s. However, in the civil engineering and construction industry fields, they seem to have to deal with the problem of increase of chloride content in concrete by the deregulation and the utilization of various industrial waste materials. We should consider the utilization of corrosion inhibitor from the new viewpoint.     

Effectiveness of corrosion inhibitors in contaminated concrete

Four types of corrosion inhibitors (calcium nitrite at two dosages, calcium nitrate at three dosages and two organic inhibitors at their recommended dosages) were evaluated at five different levels of contamination, i.e., 0.8% chloride; 0.8% chloride plus 1.5% SO₃; seawater; brackish water; and unwashed aggregates. Concrete specimens were used to assess the effect of corrosion inhibitors on the compressive strength of concrete and reinforcement corrosion. The results indicated that the corrosion inhibitors investigated in this study did not adversely affect the compressive strength of concrete. Furthermore, calcium nitrite was efficient in delaying the initiation of reinforcement corrosion in the concrete specimens contaminated with chloride, while both calcium nitrite and calcium nitrate mitigated the corrosive effects of chloride plus sulfate salts or sea water. In the concrete specimens prepared with brackish water or unwashed aggregates, all the inhibitors were effective in reducing the rate of reinforcement corrosion. The type and dosage of corrosion inhibitor were observed to be dependent on the nature and level of contamination.     

天然气外输管材腐蚀适应性分析

针对我国西部某油田的一气田地面天然气处理及外输系统存在的腐蚀问题,重点对管道内外腐蚀环境进行调查,对系统内腐蚀性物质的来源和性质进行分析化验,以明确系统的腐蚀的原因和机理。在此基础上,对该气田地面天然气处理及外输系统腐蚀缓解措施进行分析和研究。结果表明:无残酸返排的天然气外输管线属于中度腐蚀程度,需加以关注;而有残酸返排的管线属于严重或极严重腐蚀程度,应采取防腐蚀措施。     

炼油厂环烷酸腐蚀缓蚀剂的研究进展

综合介绍了国外关于原油炼制过程中控制环烷酸腐蚀的研究现状及最新近展,着重介绍了加注缓蚀剂方法及相关缓蚀剂种类的缓蚀效果的室内和评价方法,指出在200－400℃环境下抑制环烷酸的腐蚀效果,磷系缓蚀剂比非磷系缓蚀剂更好,但应注意它对后续深加工过程中所用催化剂的损害。     

Natural products as corrosion inhibitor for metals in corrosive media — A review

The use of inhibitors for the control of corrosion of metals and alloys which are in contact with aggressive environment is an accepted practice. Large numbers of organic compounds were studied and are being studied to investigate their corrosion inhibition potential. All these studies reveal that organic compounds especially those with N, S and O showed significant inhibition efficiency. But, unfortunately most of these compounds are not only expensive but also toxic to living beings. It is needless to point out the importance of cheap, safe inhibitors of corrosion. Plant extracts have become important as an environmentally acceptable, readily available and renewable source for wide range of inhibitors. They are the rich sources of ingredients which have very high inhibition efficiency. This article gives a vivid account of natural products which are used as corrosion inhibitors for various metal and alloys in aggressive media.     

Natural marine exposure results for reinforced concrete slabs with corrosion inhibitors

Reinforced concrete slabs were cast with a concrete cover of 20 mm. The water-to-cement ratio was 0.40, and the concrete slabs were either uncracked or precracked. A simulated crack 0.2 or 0.4 mm wide was formed transverse to the axis of the reinforcing bar during the casting. Two types of commercial corrosion inhibitors were added to concrete mixtures for corrosion protection. Slabs were placed about 1 m below high tide at the Treat Island, Maine, USA, natural marine exposure site. The specimens were visually inspected and the corrosion rates were measured annually using the linear polarization technique. Some of the concrete slabs were broken open after 12 months of exposure and corrosion damage was evaluated. Water-soluble chloride content analysis was performed at this time. After three years of exposure, it was found, that both corrosion inhibitors were effective in reducing the corrosion rate for uncracked concrete slabs, but relatively ineffective in preventing localised corrosion of reinforcing steel in the crack area for precracked concrete slabs.     

二氧化碳腐蚀防护对策及发展趋势

本文针对石油天然气管道设备ＣＯ２腐蚀问题，详细介绍了防护对策，包括管道设备用材的选择、缓蚀剂的使用、涂层保护、腐蚀监测及维修保养等，并对国际上ＣＯ２腐蚀防护技术的发展趋势进行了展望。     

含盐体系中有机铜缓蚀剂的研究进展

叙述了含盐体系中各种有机类铜缓蚀剂的国内外研究进展,阐述了有机类铜缓蚀剂的缓蚀机理和协同作用机理,并展望了铜缓蚀剂新的研究和发展方向。认为应利用现代先进的分析测试技术从分子和原子的水平上研究缓蚀剂在铜表面的行为和作用机理,加强现有缓蚀剂品种的复配技术和绿色环保型缓蚀剂研究。     

Effects of migrating inhibitors on corrosion of reinforcing steel covered with repair mortar

The present study concerns the investigation of the protective effect of migrating corrosion inhibitors, against rebar corrosion, in specimens of repair fiber reinforcement mortars, in relation to these containing corrosion inhibitors. The strain gauge (SG) measurement technique was used for fast corrosion measurements, under anodic potential application in corrosive environment of 3.5% wt NaCl solution. The corrosion protection effectiveness was also tested by galvanic current measurements between different categories of specimens in order to estimate the galvanic corrosion between repaired and non-repaired areas. According to these investigations the positive effect of the migrating corrosion inhibitors in fiber-reinforced mortars against corrosion of the rebars is evident, providing a prevention of steel rebars' corrosion in the cases of repairing concrete structures. The presence of fiber reinforcement in repair mortar specimens prevents the microcracking effects, resulting in decrease of concrete cracking due to reinforcement corrosion.