ZE10镁合金板拉胀复合成形与扩孔成形性能研究

为研究ZE10镁合金的成形性能,在20～300℃条件下对ZE10镁合金板进行拉伸力学性能、锥杯及扩孔试验.结果表明:随着变形温度的升高,ZE10镁合金板的抗拉强度逐渐下降而伸长率、“拉深 胀形“复合成形性能、扩孔成形性能显著提高.200℃、250℃锥杯实验时,ZE10镁合金试样可顺利拉深进入锥杯凹模底部直圆孔而不出现开裂,具有较小的锥杯值;而300℃时反而增加,说明在200℃、250℃时ZE10镁合金具有最佳的拉胀复合成形性能.150℃、200℃扩孔试验时,试样中心φ10 mm预制孔可胀大到凸模直径φ25 mm大小,成功实现翻边(翻边系数为0.37),显示ZE10镁合金具有很好的扩孔成形性能.     

AZ31镁合金板的热拉深性能

通过热轧工艺制备了厚度为0.8 mm的AZ31镁合金薄板. 在不同温度和应变速率条件下进行了单向拉伸试验. 在50～240 ℃的温度范围内, 采用平底杯形冲头拉深试验研究了成形温度、拉深速度以及冲头温度对AZ31镁合金板热拉深工艺的影响. 结果表明 AZ31镁合金热轧薄板的RLD随温度的升高而明显增大; 在成形温度为200 ℃, 拉深速度为30 mm/min的条件下, 最大RLD可达2.65, 相应的高径比为1.4, 证明AZ31镁合金板具有良好的热拉深性能; 此外, 拉深速度和冲头温度对AZ31镁合金的拉深成形也有重要影响.     

镁合金AZ31B板材热拉深成形工艺参数优化

在不同温度、不同压边力和不同拉深速度下，针对厚度为0．8mm的AZ31B镁合金板材的成形性能用有限元分析软件进行模拟与分析。在25～220℃的温度范围内，采用直径为140mm的坯料进行冲压成形，研究成形温度、拉深速度以及压边力对AZ31B镁合金板成形性能的影响。结果表明：成形温度为200℃时的极限拉深比达到了2.8；成形温度在200℃以下时，随着成形温度的升高。镁合金板材的成形性能越来越好。这证明AZ31B镁合金具有良好的热拉深性能；此外，拉深速度和压边力对AZ31B镁合金的拉深成形也有重要影响。     

AZ31与ME20M镁合金板料热拉深性能实验研究

在不同成形温度、拉深速度、润滑条件下对1．2mm厚的AZ31镁合金板料与3mm厚的ME20M镁合金板料进行热拉深性能实验研究。实验表明：AZ31镁板的最佳成形温度为215℃，而ME20M镁板在250℃以上成形性能才随温度的升高明显改善，说明稀土元素对镁合金的室温拉深性能影响很小，但却显著提高镁合金的高温拉深性能，同时也说明镁合金板料具有较佳的轻薄结构成形性；两种镁合金板料热拉深成形性能都对拉深速度敏感．有润滑条件比无润滑条件成形性能要好。通过对成形件传力区部位金相实验分析得知，合理控制热拉深实验参数，能改善成形件微观组织，进而保证成形件质量。     

RE,Ca低合金化AZ31镁合金板材拉胀复合成形性能的研究

研究了稀土、钙元素低合金化对AZ31镁合金板材力学性能、弯曲及拉胀复合成形性能的影响.结果表明：加入0.3%RE,0.3Ca%（质量分数,下同）后,AZ31镁合金板材的晶粒较细、力学性能明显提高,300℃,4 h退火后室温抗拉强度为284 MPa、延伸率为23.2%：同时,该合金板材具有最好的弯曲及拉胀复合成形性能,随着温度的提高其成形性能进一步提高.     

AZ31B镁合金板液压-机械拉深试验研究

对AZ31B镁合金板进行液压-机械拉深试验,分析其变形特点和液压力对其成形性能的影响规律,并对液压拉深件的破裂现象进行了分析.试验结果表明,AZ31B镁合金板在液压-机械拉深时的成形性能比普通拉深时的差,主要原因是AZ31B镁合金板本身的塑性变形能力差,液压力未能及时发挥作用.     

5052/AZ31/5052合金叠层板拉深成形性能研究及工艺优化

镁合金作为密度量小的金属结构材料,因其轻质,比强度高而被应用于各个工业领域。但镁合金室温塑性及抗腐蚀性能差,限制其广泛应用。为利用其优势并克服其劣势,以5052铝合金为面板,AZ31镁合金为中间板,制成5052/AZ31/5052合金叠层板结构,使获得的零件既轻质又耐蚀。基于正交试验设计方法,考虑成形温度、压边力、润滑剂、拉深速度等工艺参数对5052/AZ31/5052合金叠层板拉深成形性能的影响,以筒形件拉深高度作为主要成形性能评价指标,最大拉深力作为次要评价指标,探讨最优工艺。结果表明,最优工艺组合:成形温度230℃、压边力13. 9 k N、PTFE润滑脂、拉深速度1 mm/min。在保证对成形性能影响较小的情况下,为提高生产效率,最优组合将拉深速度提高到10 mm/min。     

AZ31镁合金铸轧板材热拉深工艺研究

用拉伸试验机测试了AZ31镁合金铸轧板材的高温力学性能和直角弯曲性能,并对镁合金铸轧板材进行了热拉深试验,研究了拉深温度、拉深速率、压边间隙、润滑方式等工艺参数对板材成形性能的影响。试验结果表明,AZ31镁合金铸轧板材适合于200℃以上拉深,且最小弯曲半径小于4mm,最佳拉深工艺条件为,拉深温度225℃～275℃,拉深速率50mm/min～100mm/min,压边间隙1.125t～1.15t,采用固体润滑剂PTFE,可以得到最大极限拉深比为2.95。     

镁合金板材的固体颗粒介质拉深工艺参数

提出基于固体颗粒介质成形(SGMF)工艺的镁合金板材差温拉深工艺,并展开试验研究。通过对AZ31B镁合金薄板进行差温拉深成形试验,研究了成形温度、拉深速度、压边力、压边间隙、凹模圆角和润滑条件对拉深性能的影响,确定AZ31B镁合金板料最佳成形工艺参数。结果表明:该工艺可显著提高镁合金板材的成形性能,成形温度及拉深速度对板料拉深性能影响较大,板料最佳成形温度区间为290～310℃,颗粒介质与板料理想温差为110～150℃;压边力和压边间隙对拉深性能产生联合影响;此外,凹模圆角和润滑条件也对拉深性能有一定的影响。当上述工艺参数达到最佳值时成功拉深出极限拉深比(LDR)为2.41的工件。     

镁合金板拉深及拉胀复合成形性能实验研究

通过实验，研究了镁合金板的拉深以及拉深 胀形复合性能，对这一新材料的冲压变形规律有了一定认识，得到了一些有实用价值的数据：极限拉深系数、壁厚变化、锥杯值以及一些塑性变形现象。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.