AN OBJECT-ORIENTED EXPERT SYSTEM FOR TROUBLESHOOTING REFINERY DISTILLATION COLUMNS

An object-oriented prototype expert system ORDEES for off-line trouble-shooting of refinery distillation columns is developed. It is found that highly modular knowledge base can be designed, and different types of data (e.g., graphs, numberical data, and algorithms) may be manipulated, by using object-oriented knowledge representation. In addition, a method termed Object-Oriented Multifunction Switcher is proposed for building multifunction expert systems. The results of the study are expected to be useful for designing multifunction expert systems for complex petroleum refining and petro-chemical processes with many kinds of equipment.     

负载型催化剂溶液浸渍制备专家系统的初步研究

浸渍过程的分析表明,浸渍制备涉及到大量的经验规律。因此,预测浸渍制备的条件参数是一个比较复杂的不确定性问题,使用专家系统方法有助于此类问题的解决。实现专家系统的关键在于知识的合理表述和系统框架的建造。在文中我们构成了一个浸渍制备的专家系统原型,该系统具备处理数值和非数值信息的功能。此外,讨论了浸渍知识的智能化处理问题。     

陶瓷窑炉群的现场总线技术控制

描述了国内外数十年来陶瓷窑炉群的现场总线控制技术的发展,并根据现场总线技术在陶瓷窑炉群控制方面的实践,探讨了有关的应用问题。     

水泥窑铅镉等重金属的污染及防治

利用原子吸收分光光度法、振荡溶出等方法,研究了水泥窑铅镉等重金属污染的防治.氟会促进Pb,Cd,Zn和Cu的逸放.无论何种水泥窑,Hg逸放率高达89%～96%.Pb,Cd,Zn和Cu在不同类型水泥窑中其逸放率有明显差别,立窑的逸放率较高,Pb和Cd为84%～90%,Zn和Cu为36%～47%;湿法回转窑次之;新型干法窑的逸放率最低.使用高效的除尘设备,不仅可减少粉尘的污染,还可减少Pb等重金属的逸放.把Pb等重金属含量较高的窑灰用作水泥混合材既可使Pb等重金属被固封于水泥混凝土中不会产生二次污染,又能减少因窑灰循环入窑而导致Pb等重金属的再次逸放.     

A FUZZY MATCH BASED EXPERT SYSTEM FOR SYNTHESIS OF SEPARATION PROCESSES

A predictive parallel search algorithm,the fuzzy match inference strategy,is implemented ina prototype expert system.Selection of separation technologies and sequencing of separators are beingapproached in an integrated manner.The fuzzy match mechanism results in a relatively smaller subsetof favored schemes,constituting a hyperstructure for further quantitative evaluation and combinationoptimization.An industrial application example of aromatics extraction separation is presented.     

预防碱—集料反应的专家系统

混凝土碱－集料反应及其防治已成为全世界共，研究和重视的问题。“预防混凝土碱－集料反应的专家系统”是针对我国现状而研制的用于解决我国ＡＡＲ预防问题的计算机智能系统。它以唐明述教授几十年来积累和收集的ＡＡＲ预防知识为主，同时吸收和补充了国内外其他ＡＡＲ专家的知识和经验。知识收集经历了“整体－具体－一般”的过程；知识整理采因素层次化分析法，并设计：可装卸式框架结构”来表示知识。ＰＡＡＲＣＥ采用模块化...     

水泥生产中SP窑烧成系统的组合模型与分析

本文阐述了热平衡分析法的缺点与拥分析的科学性，提出了用于分析的ＳＰ型水泥回转窑烧成系统的组合模型．它可以科学地、准确地找出体系中主要薄弱环节，使节能技改措施更有针对性。     

DEVELOPMENT OF A FUZZY EXPERT SYSTEM FOR THE SELECTION OF BATCH DRYERS FOR FOODSTUFFS

The selection of dryers is an art in which knowledge, experience and science all play important roles. Historically, dryer selection has been made by experts on the basis of their extensive knowledge. However, in recent years, computer-based techniques have been developed, which have the potential of at least partially deskilling this process. Of the various possibilities, fuzzy expert systems, in which the selection qualifiers are represented as linguistic rather than numerical variables, are the most promising. This paper describes the development of a fuzzy system for the selection of batch dryers for food products. It featured a novel modular approach in which independent selection goals for dryer type, atmospheric, vacuum or freeze operation, and single or multiple units were adopted. This made the system particularly flexible and amenable to adaptation. The program starts from a ' drying process checklist“ in which the principal process variables are specified, and provides a ranked list of feasible alternative dryers. The algorithm was extensively tested and provided quite plausible results. Four representative case studies are presented and discussed.     

DEVELOPMENT OF A FUZZY EXPERT SYSTEM FOR THE SELECTION OF BATCH DRYERS FOR FOODSTUFFS

ABSTRACT

The selection of dryers is an art in which knowledge, experience and science all play important roles. Historically, dryer selection has been made by experts on the basis of their extensive knowledge. However, in recent years, computer-based techniques have been developed, which have the potential of at least partially deskilling this process. Of the various possibilities, fuzzy expert systems, in which the selection qualifiers are represented as linguistic rather than numerical variables, are the most promising. This paper describes the development of a fuzzy system for the selection of batch dryers for food products. It featured a novel modular approach in which independent selection goals for dryer type, atmospheric, vacuum or freeze operation, and single or multiple units were adopted. This made the system particularly flexible and amenable to adaptation. The program starts from a ‘ drying process checklist“ in which the principal process variables are specified, and provides a ranked list of feasible alternative dryers. The algorithm was extensively tested and provided quite plausible results. Four representative case studies are presented and discussed.     

我国水泥工业处置废物的发展现状

本文介绍了水泥生产技术进步和处置废物的发展过程，并对我国水泥工业的资源综合利用情况和环境状况进行了分析，文章还介绍了我国水泥窑处置废物的实践活动，指出水泥工业处置废物有很大的发展空间。文章的最后指出水泥工业处置废物是社会经济的一项系统工程，需要全社会的综合平衡与考虑.     

A SIMULATION MODEL FOR TIMBER DRYING CHECKED BY MEASUREMENTS AT TECHNICAL KILNS

ABSTRACT

A physically based simulation program for timber drying, which predicts the integral drying course, the profiles of moisture content, and internal stress during drying, was checked by data from technical drying runs. A data logging system served to record the data sets from several drying runs at diverse kilns. The comparison of model predictions and measured data led to the following conclusions: The integral drying course, i.e. time dependence of the average moisture content, can be well precalculated in quantity. Calculations of the moisture profiles were found to be right in tendency, but not in accuracy. Stress calculation by means of a visco-elastic Burger model leads to results correct in tendency, but to high in comparison with measured data.

To improve the stress calculation mechano-sorptive creep by models of Salin and Ranta-Maunus were tested. The calculation of these models corresponded with measurements from laboratory experiments. The simulation program is estimated to be applicable for further calculations of energy demand and costs in drying.     

A SIMULATION MODEL FOR TIMBER DRYING CHECKED BY MEASUREMENTS AT TECHNICAL KILNS

A physically based simulation program for timber drying, which predicts the integral drying course, the profiles of moisture content, and internal stress during drying, was checked by data from technical drying runs. A data logging system served to record the data sets from several drying runs at diverse kilns. The comparison of model predictions and measured data led to the following conclusions: The integral drying course, i.e. time dependence of the average moisture content, can be well precalculated in quantity. Calculations of the moisture profiles were found to be right in tendency, but not in accuracy. Stress calculation by means of a visco-elastic Burger model leads to results correct in tendency, but to high in comparison with measured data.

To improve the stress calculation mechano-sorptive creep by models of Salin and Ranta-Maunus were tested. The calculation of these models corresponded with measurements from laboratory experiments. The simulation program is estimated to be applicable for further calculations of energy demand and costs in drying.     

FIRING OPEN TERRA COTTA KILNS WITH GAS1

Experiments conducted with a small kiln in firing terra cotta without the use of a muffle giving satisfactory results, the large kilns at this plant were equipped for gas firing, the muffles being removed. The equipment for gas firing is described and alterations made in the kilns are explained. The general operation of the kilns is discussed. Savings obtained are enumerated. The consideration of gas as a fuel in the ceramic industry is recommended.     

矿渣微晶玻璃专家系统类比设计模型

类比学习是利用过去的经验来求解新问题的一种思维过程,是专家系统中实现知识自动获取的重要方法。根据矿渣微晶玻璃设计的基本特征,详细介绍了矿渣微晶玻璃类比设计的基本原理、类比因素以及类比准则。选择属性类比作为专家系统类比设计的主要方式,以矿渣的成分作为类比因素,以经过修正的综合类似度作为类比准则,结合矿渣微晶玻璃实例库和人工神经网络模型建立了专家系统类比设计模块。实验结果证明,该类比设计模块具有很好的设计效果,是矿渣微晶玻璃设计的有效方法之一。     

专家系统在注塑模结构设计中的应用

介绍了知识库与推理机分离专家系统的原理及程序实现方法,并给出了专家系统的应用实例。     

Expertensysteme – ein Hilfsmittel der Prozeß-Synthese

Expert systems for process syntheses . Commercial programs used in computer-aided development of chemical processes need a process flowsheet as starting point. Preparation of flowsheets is based largely on human experience, an uncertain kind of knowledge expressed by heuristic rules. These rules are recognized as true and advantageous in most cases without having the validity of a law. Logic programming languages derived from research on artificial intelligence are proven tools for handling heuristics with so-called “expert systems”. The flowsheets proposed by the expert system reduce all theoretically possible results to a few structures. The example of structuring distillation sequences illustrates what can be expected using an “expert system” in the area of “problem solving” by comparing its proposed sequences with optimized problems.     

Prediction of binary azeotrope formation in hydrocarbon mixtures using a knowledge-based expert system

In present study, a hierarchical knowledge-based expert system, named HYDROPERT, to predict binary azeotrope formation in hydrocarbon mixtures was created and investigated. Specific knowledge included in azeotropy on hydrocarbon mixtures and the implementation of the expert system are described along some of the several components of expert system applications: knowledge representation strategy and levels of knowledge abstraction, inference machine, user interface, explanation facilities. The knowledge base is hierarchically structured with the multiple levels of domain-specific knowledge such as the azeotropic data bank as the lowest level, component-specific compiled heuristic rules as the second level, group-oriented compiled heuristic rules as the third level, and generic class-oriented model-based heuristic rules as the highest level. The predictive capabilities and generality of the expert system can be highly enhanced through the integration of different kinds of domain knowledge into the hierarchical structure. The expert system predicting the binary azeotrope formation in hydrocarbon mixtures may be a useful tool for many chemical engineering activities, especially such as process synthesis and design.     

湿磨干烧水泥生产线分解炉温度控制

湿磨干烧水泥生产线的分解炉中生料量波动大,利用HoneywellC200系统自带的带规PID无法满足温度控制工艺要求,本工作利用线性神经元参数自学习PID控制和前馈控制,通过Control Build编制成控制模块,下载到底层控制器实现温度控制,与利用API函数编制用户算法在上层计算机上运行相比,该方案克服了采样和控制周期受计算机负菏影响而变化的缺陷,而不受通讯影响,实际应用结果表明了本文提供出的控制方法的有效性。