焊接间隙对铝合金MIG焊组织性能的影响

文章主要选取6063铝合金挤压板材,采用熔化极惰性气体保护焊MIG进行对接工艺验证试验,通过焊接接头宏观形貌观察、X射线形貌观察、金相显微组织观察和性能分析,了解不同焊接间隙对焊接性能的影响,获得熔化极惰性气体保护焊MIG对母材间隙的要求.结果表明,MIG焊接0.5mm、1.0mm、1.5mm间隙板材焊缝组织性能良好.     

K-TIG焊接中厚板的工艺窗口改进

针对穿孔深熔氩弧焊(K-TIG)工艺焊接8 mm厚Q235低碳钢板时焊接过程不稳定、焊接工艺窗口小等突出问题,首次提出在焊接工件背部铺加保护焊剂的方法改善焊接过程。采用对接焊的方式,在不开坡口、焊接过程不添加焊丝的情况下,达到单面焊双面成形的效果。最终成功的采用430～480 A范围内的直流电流对8 mm厚的Q235低碳钢进行了焊接,将焊接电流窗口扩大到50 A同时也显著的提高了焊接过程的稳定性。同时,在扩大焊接电流窗口之后,系统研究了不同焊接电流下焊接接头的组织性能。研究结果表明:在不同焊接电流下得到的焊接接头中,组织分布以及力学性能分布呈现出相同的状态。焊缝区的组织均由铁素体+珠光体+魏氏组织组成;熔合区由魏氏组织组成;热影响区由铁素体+少量的珠光体组成;此外随着焊接电流的增加,焊接接头背部的熔宽有略微增加;在焊接接头中,熔合区处硬度值最高,其次是焊缝区,之后是热影响区,母材的硬度值最低;焊接接头最终的拉伸断裂位置是在热影响区处。      

厚度大于2.0 mm的双相钢DP600窄搭接焊工艺探讨

介绍了DP600厚度2.0 mm以上窄搭接难焊的原因;对DP600厚度2.5 mm与DX51D厚度2.5 mm的窄搭接焊缝断带的原因进行了分析;研究了焊接工艺参数对焊缝质量的影响。结果表明：焊接电流为19.0 kA,焊轮移动速度为5.8 m/min,电极压力为22 kN,操作侧搭接量为1.7 mm,传动侧搭接量为2.6 mm时,焊接工艺参数最佳,焊缝质量良好。     

CMT与MIG铝合金焊接工艺对比

对CMT工艺和传统MIG焊在焊接变形、焊缝间隙适应性、组织性能及薄板焊接能力等方面进行了试验对比。结果表明:CMT工艺焊后角变形量小,焊缝表面成型良好,焊接飞溅低,气孔少,且力学性能稍有提高。CMT工艺可以完成1mm厚铝合金薄板高质量焊接。     

地铁车辆铝合金车体搅拌摩擦焊浅析

针对铝合金轨道车辆车体焊接难题,对熔焊、激光焊与搅拌摩擦焊等焊接工艺的接头性能、焊接效率与工作环境等进行了比较研究。重点讨论了低成本、高质量的搅拌摩擦焊在铝合金车体焊接大规模工业化生产中的可行性,对于提升我国现今轨道交通车辆装备制造水平具有一定的借鉴意义。     

TRIP600 高强钢的点焊工艺研究

对1．8mm规格的TRIP600钢进行了点焊试验、拉剪试验和接头的金相分析,研究了焊接电流、焊接时间等点焊工艺参数对接头力学性能的影响。结果表明,焊接时间为0．20、0．24、0．30S,TRIP600钢的可焊电流范围分别为11-12、10．5～12、10-11．5kA,拉剪试验失效模式为扣式或母材撕裂、且无飞溅的焊点,拉剪力达到27-30kN。     

6061-T6铝合金薄板的搅拌摩擦焊接

采用搅拌摩擦焊(FSW)技术对1 mm厚6061-T6铝合金薄板进行了对接.研究了焊接工艺参数的范围,实验测试了焊接接头的强度、硬度和延伸率,利用金相显微镜、扫描电镜和透射电镜分析了接头的微观组织.结果表明:对于1 mm厚度6061-T6铝合金,FSW的最优工艺参数为旋转速度1 800 r·min^-1,焊接速度1000 mm·min^-1;在此参数下,接头的硬度值达到母材的80%左右,抗拉强度达到母材的103%,延伸率达到母材的54%;接头的力学性能与微观结构相符.     

转速、焊速对6061-T6铝合金搅拌摩擦焊性能的影响

对3 mm厚6061-T6铝合金板材的搅拌摩擦焊工艺进行试验研究,分析了在搅拌摩擦焊焊接过程中不同搅拌头转速、焊接速度对焊接接头力学性能和焊缝中"S"线缺陷的影响。研究结果表明,当搅拌头转速保持在1 200 r·min~(-1)时,焊接工艺窗口较宽;当焊接速度为700 mm·min~(-1)、搅拌头的旋转速度为1 200 r·min~(-1)时焊缝的强度最高,为251.608 MPa,焊缝强度达到了母材的81.16%。焊接过程中提高搅拌头的旋转速度、减小焊接速度能够减少焊缝中"S"线缺陷的产生。     

6061铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接头组织与性能研究

采用搅拌摩擦焊方法(FSW)对6 mm厚的6061-T4铝合金板材进行对接,焊后利用光学显微镜(OM)和扫描电镜(SEM)分析、对比了焊接接头和母材的显微组织和断口形貌特征,并测试了其室温拉伸性能和显微硬度。实验结果表明:选择了适合于6061-T4铝合金板材搅拌摩擦焊的工艺参数:焊接时搅拌头旋转速度为1200 r.min-1,工件的进给速度为300 mm.min-1,在此参数下获得了与母材等强度、韧性接近于母材的焊接接头,为此种合金应用于汽车关键零部件提供了可靠的工艺方法。FSW板材接头焊核区的组织和性能明显优于其他区,热影响区是接头最薄弱的部分,焊核区的硬度最高,而热影响区的硬度最低,焊缝金属发生回复再结晶使晶粒细化。断口分析表明,断裂发生在热影响区,由于搅拌头的旋转运动和热量的累积,该区存在晶粒长大、组织粗化现象。对工艺参数的优化实验表明,搅拌头旋转速度与焊接速度对接头性能的影响存在一定的适配关系,通过工艺参数的调整可以有效地控制热影响区的焊缝组织和改善焊接接头的性能。细晶强化是搅拌摩擦焊接头强度与韧性提高的主要原因。     

700MPa级高强度调质钢板焊接性能研究

从低成本700 MPa级调质中厚钢板的焊接性能着手,分析了母材的成分、组织及性能特点,研究了其焊接冷裂纹敏感性、焊接过程中的热输入量以及焊后热处理过程对试验钢焊接接头组织和性能的影响。结果表明,针对50 mm厚的700 MPa级高强度调质钢板,在中等拘束条件下,采用BHG-4M焊丝富氩混合气体保护焊、预热100℃的工艺进行焊接可以防止冷裂纹产生;在苛刻拘束条件下,最低预热温度在120℃以上才能防止裂纹产生;试验钢对焊接工艺规范有较强的适应性,焊接热输入量在8.85~24.17 kJ/cm范围内变化时,试验钢焊接接头的综合力学性能保持在较高水平。     

TANDEM and GMAW Twin Wire Welding of Q690 Steel Used in Hydraulic Support

 Compared with using semi-automatic gas shielded arc welding, using automatic TANDEM twin wire welding and twin wire gas metal arc welding (GMAW) to weld Q690 steel, a low-alloy high-strength structural steel used in the hydraulic support in the fully-mechanized mining face, the welding speed, deposition rate, production environment and welding quality can be obviously improved. Compared with GMAW twin wire welding, a refined microstructure in the weld and heat-affected zone (HAZ), narrow HAZ and improved joint strength were achieved with TANDEM on Q690. Also, due to the push-pull pulsed way in TANDEM welding, the droplet transfer, distribution on heat flow and interaction between two arcs were completely different from those in GMAW twin wire system. The heat input of TANDEM is only about 766% of GMAW, and correspondingly, the welding speed and welding seam can be obviously improved. The complete oscillation caused by TANDEM pulsed current occurred in the welding pool, which refined the grains in the microstructure. The results show that TANDEM twin wire welding is very suitable in the welding of Q690 used in the hydraulic support.     

Advanced Process Possibilities in Friction Crush Welding of Aluminum,Steel, and Copper by Using an Additional Wire

Joining sheet metal can be problematic using traditional friction welding techniques. Friction crush welding (FCW) offers a high speed process which requires a simple edge preparation and can be applied to out-of-plane geometries. In this work, an implementation of FCW was employed using an additional wire to weld sheets of EN AW5754 H22, DC01, and Cu-DHP. The joint is formed by bringing together two sheet metal parts, introducing a wire into the weld zone and employing a rotating disk which is subject to an external force. The requirements of the welding preparation and the fundamental process variables are shown. Thermal measurements were taken which give evidence about the maximum temperature in the welding center and the temperature in the periphery of the sheet metals being joined. The high welding speed along with a relatively low heat input results in a minimal distortion of the sheet metal and marginal metallurgical changes in the parent material. In the steel specimens, this FCW implementation produces a fine grain microstructure, enhancing mechanical properties in the region of the weld. Aluminum and copper produced mean bond strengths of 77 and 69 pct to that of the parent material, respectively, whilst the steel demonstrated a strength of 98 pct. Using a wire offers the opportunity to use a higher-alloyed additional material and to precisely adjust the additional material volume appropriate for a given material alignment and thickness.     

双电弧集成冷丝复合焊中冷丝位置对焊接过程的影响

搭建了双电弧集成冷丝复合焊接系统,研究了冷丝不同位置对焊接过程的影响机理,其中包括冷丝作用位置对其加热熔化作用及表面成形的影响。实验结果表明:冷丝从两引导焊丝正前方送入时,熔池前端对冷丝的加热熔化作用不充分,冷丝末端会顶触熔池底部,随着冷丝的持续送进和母材的向后移动,某一时刻冷丝回弹,焊丝末端的熔滴弹出落在母材表面形成大颗粒飞溅。当冷丝从侧面送入时,熔池一侧的温度较低,影响熔池金属的流动,导致最终的焊缝成形不对称分布。当冷丝从两引导焊丝正后方送入熔池时,冷丝始终插入熔池中,焊接过程稳定,是理想的冷丝作用位置。此外,随着冷丝送丝速度的增加,两种脉冲电流模式（同相和反相）下,熔敷率均随之增加,且相差不大。同相脉冲电流下电弧对冷丝的加热熔化作用最强烈,反相脉冲电流下次之,直流模式下最弱。      

焊接用热轧盘条表面氧化铁皮结构优化

本溪钢铁集团北营公司生产的H08A盘条所制焊条在下游客户使用过程中,出现焊接烟尘量较大问题。检测分析结果表明,盘条母材表面氧化铁皮结构异常是导致焊接烟尘量大的主要原因。通过优化轧制工艺,调节盘条冷却温度及冷却速度,加快盘条在900~800℃区间及600~450℃区间的冷却速度,在不影响盘条正常组织的前提下,合理改善表面氧化铁皮结构,消除内层Fe3O4,增大Fe O比例,降低焊条使用时的焊接烟尘量,改善了焊接作业环境。     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of Al-Mg-Mn-Zr-Er weld joints filled with Al-Mg-Mn-Zr and Al-Mg-Mn-Zr-Er weld wires

The Al-Mg-Mn-Zr-Er alloy sheets with a thickness of 4 mm were welded by TIG welding, the microstructures and mechanical properties of Al-Mg-Mn-Zr-Er alloy weld joints filled with F1.6 mm Al-Mg-Mn-Zr and Al-Mg-Mn-Zr-Er welding wires were studied by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, hardness testing and tensile mechanical properties testing. The result showed that, the tensile strength increased by 57 MPa and the coefficient of weld joint reached 0.8 when Al-Mg-Mn-Zr-Er welding wire was used as filling material. The tensile strength and elongation of weld joint filled with Al-Mg-Mn-Zr-Er welding wire were 19% and 85% higher those that of filled with Al-Mg-Mn-Zr welding wire respectively, which resulted from grain refinement strengthening and dispersion strengthening of Al₃Er.     

棒线材轧机钢坯对焊技术

利用闪光焊接设备对钢坯进行焊接，使棒线材轧机得以不间断生产，提高了产品质量和生产率，同时降低了生产成本。描述了钢坯对焊设备，重点介绍了焊接工艺和质量。     

盘条质量对焊丝产品工艺过程和性能的影响

从焊丝生产的工艺角度对焊丝原材料盘条质量提出了成分、规格、精度和内在质量方面的要求。焊丝产品的质量在很大程度上取决于盘条质量,从标准化的角度认真掌握盘条质量对生产合格的焊丝至关重要。     

国内金属制品用线材现状及其发展方向

金属制品是钢铁的深加工产品，通过对国内PC钢丝、钢帘线、焊丝等专用线材品种、质量主要技术指标现状的分析，与国外同类产品原料对比，提出改进方向与目标，以推进我国制品行业的又好又快发展。     

Characterization of Structure–Property Relationship of Incoloy 825 and SAF 2507 Dissimilar Welds

This study was carried out to investigate the evaluation of dissimilar welding between Incoloy 825 Ni-based alloy and SAF 2507 super duplex stainless steel. Welding was conducted by pulsed current (PC) and continuous current (CC) gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) methods using ERNiCrMo-3 filler wire. The microstructure of weld zones and base metal/weld interfaces as well as mechanical properties of weldments were characterized. The results detailed the formation of Nb, and Mo-rich phases in the inter-dendritic regions of weld metals leading to a decrease in impact resistance of weld zones in comparison to parent metals. Presence of more secondary phases at the CCGTA weld metal resulted in higher hardness and lower toughness than that of the PCGTAW sample. During tensile tests, fracture occurred at the Incoloy 825 base metal, and both weldments also underwent ductile mode of fracture. The research addressed the microstructure–property relationship for dissimilar weld joints.     

低温用焊丝钢BTH60的工艺优化

介绍了南通宝钢低温用焊丝钢BTH60的工艺优化情况,根据钢种特性有效控制钢中残余有害元素和合金元素,通过对脱氧机理分析实施了精炼渣系优化、夹杂物变性处理技术和控氮技术,合理运用非金属夹杂物控制技术和控制轧制工艺,实现了钢中低P、S、O、N和低级别夹杂物,完全满足产品的成分、力学性能、低温冲击韧性和夹杂物要求,逐步形成了稳定的BTH60的生产工艺路线,产品质量稳定,组织性能优良,满足了用户要求。