腐植酸万寿菊专用肥氮磷钾适宜配比试验研究

为了筛选腐植酸万寿菊专用肥氮磷钾适宜配比,研究了不同氮磷钾配比的腐植酸肥料对万寿菊生长发育、叶黄素含量、鲜花产量的影响。试验结果表明:与对照相比,适宜氮磷钾配比的腐植酸肥料可促进万寿菊生长发育;增加万寿菊叶黄素含量和鲜花产量。对万寿菊叶黄素含量及鲜花产量进行综合评定表明:腐植酸万寿菊专用肥氮磷钾适宜配比为N∶P_2O_5∶K_2O=1∶(1.2~2)∶(0.6~1.25)。     

腐植酸烟草专用肥氮磷钾适宜配比试验研究

为了筛选腐植酸烟草专用肥氮磷钾适宜配比,研究了不同氮磷钾配比的腐植酸肥料对烟草生长、品质和产量的影响。试验结果表明:施用腐植酸肥料能降低烟草株高,增加烟草单叶重、基茎粗和茎重、根重和根长,有利于增强烟草抗倒伏能力;施用腐植酸肥料能增加烟叶干重产量,以处理3烟叶干重产量最高,为350.1 g,比对照增产93.64%;施用腐植酸肥料能提高烟草叶片质量,叶片颜色、光泽、油分与弹性均优于对照,以处理2烟叶质量最好。腐植酸烟草专用肥氮磷钾适宜配比为N∶P2O5∶K2O=1∶(0.83~1.2)∶(1.2~1.33)。     

春花生氮磷钾化肥适宜用量配比试验

1　试验目的花生是安丘市主要经济作物之一,主要分布在棕壤和褐土类土壤上。对花生进行氮磷钾单因子最佳用量和适宜配比试验,可为当地花生平衡施肥及生产花生专用肥提供可靠的依据。2　田间布置及方法试验区设在高、中、低3种产量水平的地块上,各个处理小区随机排列,重复3次,最后取平均产量,每小区面积21m2,3处地点土壤养分见表1。表1　氮磷钾单因子基础养分产量水平w(有机质)/%碱解氮/(mg·kg1)速效磷/(mg·kg1)速效钾/(mg·kg1)高产田1.08～1.1890.2～98.513.8～15.985.2～93.6中产田0.9～1.1268.6～86.29.3～12.882.2～87.6低产田0.78～0…     

夏玉米专用肥氮磷钾的适宜配比试验

夏玉米专用肥氮磷钾的适宜配比试验钱桂英翟兆民王胜亭马光辉王学成（安丘市农业局２６２１００）中图分类号Ｓ１４３．５１试验材料及方法１试验点选在高、中、低不同产量水平，地势平坦，肥力均匀，有水浇条件的地块。轮作方式：小麦—玉米，一年两作制。高中低产量水平...     

小麦喷施腐植酸钾增产效应试验

腐植酸钾叶面肥是陕西省三原有机肥研究所研制的一种新型高浓缩有机复合肥,经在多种作物上应用具有肥田,改良土壤,促进根系发达,植株健壮,籽粒饱满,抗寒耐旱,提高产量和品质等作用。本试验旨在进一步研究该产品对小麦生长发育的影响及增产效应,为大面积推广应用提供科学依据。     

腐氮磷钾复肥中钾的测定条件研究

钾的测定方法,据有关资料、文献介绍,有重量法、容量法、火焰光度法、电导滴定法、电流滴定法以及离子选择性电极电位滴定法等。我们结合腐肥厂实际情况,选用可行的并易掌握的重量法测定钾。用四苯硼钠为沉淀剂,重量法测定腐复肥中的钾含量,     

磷钾碳铵复肥的研制和应用

碳酸氢铵经改性后,可作为复混肥的氮素,制得的磷钾碳铵复混肥,经二年肥效试验表明,适用于不同土壤不同作物,与等养份单体肥料等效。粉状的磷钾碳铵复混肥经挤压造粒制得圆柱型颗粒,总养份≥25％,P_2O_5水溶率≥40％,P_2O_5有效率≥97％,颗粒强度>8牛顿/粒。且该生产工艺无需干燥与冷却工序。     

用磷石膏和不溶性含钾岩石制备钾钙肥的初步研究

利用磷石膏和不溶性含钾岩石为主要原料,在无烟煤为还原剂的条件下,经高温煅烧制备出钾钙肥;同时磷石膏中的硫酸钙分解释放出SO2,SO2可作为制备硫酸的原料气.对影响钾钙肥制备和硫酸钙分解的因素,如无烟煤的加入量、磷石膏加入量、烧结温度、烧结时间等进行了研究,得到了制备钾钙肥和分解硫酸钙的优化条件.     

磷石膏充填材料及其配比试验研究

对贵州开磷集团沙坝土矿在采用充填法工艺中,以磷石膏为充填骨料,黄泥、粘土、红页岩等物质作为充填辅料替代水泥的可行性进行了试验.试验得出了各充填材料的最佳配比,从而达到降低生产成本,提高企业经济效益的目的.     

氮磷钾消费比例的新思路

提出“模拟农作物”的新概念，进行化肥消费比例的全面科学研究，认为２０００年氮磷钾消费比例为１∶０．３８∶０．２５。     

小麦拔节期追施磷钾肥产量效应研究

小麦拔节期追施磷、钾肥试验研究表明:把适量的磷、钾肥后移至拔节期追施,有利于提高小麦的产量和穗数,且有一定的经济效益。在土壤磷、钾供肥能力分别为86.1%、82.1%,施磷量120kg/hm2,施钾量90kg/hm2的条件下,其中27.3%磷肥追施、31.9%钾肥追施的产量最高,为6169.7kg/hm2,增产12.65%,增收1021.7元/hm2。     

The effect of foliar supplements of potassium nitrate and urea on the yield of winter wheat

Winter wheat crops were grown with ostensibly adequate supplies of all soil nutrients in 1990 and 1991 with the aim of testing if late foliar supplements of K and N, applied at key development stages, could improve grain yield and grain N content. Foliar sprays of KNO₃ solution, supplying up to 40 kg K ha^–1 in total, at flag leaf unfolded, inflorescence completed and the watery-ripe stage of grain filling, had no effect on yield, yield components or grain N. Urea, supplying 40 kg N ha^–1 at flag leaf unfolded, had no effects on grain yield and grain N in 1990, but in 1991 grain N was increased by 0.14% whilst yield was reduced by up to 0.6 t ha^–1. Urea scorched flag leaf tips in both years. In 1990, the spring was very dry and foliar supplements might have been expected to have had an effect, but on this highly fertile soil all crop K and N requirements were met from the soil.     

复合肥生产过程中氮、磷、钾、水含量快速分析探讨

介绍复合肥料生产过程中中间物料氮、磷、钾、水含量的快速检测方法,并就检测结果和所耗时间与国标检验法进行对比。结果表明,快速检验法检测速度快,准确度高,精密度好。复合肥生产过程中,根据中间物料中氮、磷、钾和水含量进行原料配比和参数调整,可大大减少返料量,提高产品合格率。     

钙镁磷肥复式包膜尿素对冬小麦产量和氮肥效率的影响

通过连续 3年 ( 1999～ 2 0 0 0年 )大田试验 ,研究了钙镁磷肥复式包膜尿素对冬小麦产量、氮效率〔包括 :氮素效率比 ( NER) ,氮吸收效率 ( NUp E) ,氮素使用效率 ( NUE)和氮肥利用效率 ( Nf UE)〕的影响。结果表明 ,钙镁磷肥复式包膜尿素与普通尿素的生物量、籽粒和秸秆量均显著大于对照处理 ;氮素使用效率 ( NUE)和氮肥利用率均显著高于对照。包膜尿素处理的产量和氮效率最高 ,其籽粒、秸秆、生物量平均值比普通尿素处理分别高 9.0 9%～15 .0 6 %、13.11%～ 14 .96 %、11.73%～ 14 .99% ,氮肥利用率高 15～ 16个百分点。在本试验条件下 ,相对于通常氮肥施用量 ( 15 0 kg N/hm2 ) ,少量增加氮肥施用量 (氮肥用量增加 8% )对产量和氮效率 ( NE)没有显著影响 ;而大量增加氮肥施用量 (增加 2 0 % ) ,能明显增加小麦产量、吸氮量和氮肥利用率     

The effect of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizer applications on the seed yield of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) grown on sandy soils and the prediction of phosphorus and potassium responses by soil tests

The nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium requirement of sunflower was evaluated when the crop was grown on siliceous sands overlying clay in the south east of South Australia. Of the seven sites used in the investigation, significant seed yield responses to phosphorus were recorded at two, while at a further two sites seed yields were increased by potassium additions. Nitrogen applications did not significantly increase seed yields at any site but decreased seed yields at two. This lack of nitrogen response was attributed to the sites having been long term legume pastures prior to the sunflower crops.Oil concentrations of sunflower seed ranged from 40.6% to 45.3% between sites, but fertilizer treatment had no significant effect.Critical nutrient ranges for both soil (Colwell) extractable phosphorus and potassium were derived at maximum seed yield. These were 16–20 mg kg^–1 for extractable phosphorus and 70–80 mg kg^–1 for extractable potassium.     

Spatial variability of n fertilizer application and wheat yield

The spatial distribution of two N fertilizer applications (one liquid and one solid) and the yield of winter wheat of a 1 ha field was analyzed at 247 locations. The N fertilizations, as well as their sum, were lognormally distributed, the grain yield showed a normal frequency distribution. Bidirectional semivariograms of all data sets indicated no range of autocorrelation. As a consequence, all data within each set could be considered as being spatially independent for distances larger than the smallest sampling spacing (2.5 m). The semivariograms of the fertilizer applications showed an anisotropic behavior with the largest variability perpendicular to the direction of movement of the spreader. This was caused by strips which had received less, or more, N fertilizer than the intended rate. On the other hand, the theoretical model of the semivariogram of the grain yield could be considered to be an isotropic pure nugget effect, indicating a high degree of spatial homogeneity. This homogeneity results from a yield decline whenever less as well as more than the maximum fertilizer amount was given, as could be concluded out of the yield response curve. The latter, constructed with all 247 measurements, allowed the calculation of the yield loss due to an uneven N fertilizer spreading: 71 kg grain ha⁻¹ at P = 0.09. The number of samples required to estimate the mean value of the N fertilizations and grain yield with a probability of 95% and a precision of 5% was 153, 65 and 9 for the liquid fertilization, the solid fertilization and the grain yield, respectively. These samples could best be located randomly within the field.     

Response of two okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench) varieties to fertilizers: Yield and yield components as influenced by nitrogen and phosphorus application

The response of two okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench) varieties (White velvet and NHAE 47-4) to fertilization in northern Nigeria was examined using four rates of nitrogen (0, 25, 50 and 100 kg ha^–1) and three rates of phosphorus (0, 13 and 26 kg ha^–1). Nitrogen application significantly increased green pod yield, pod diameter, number of fruits per plant, number of seeds per pod and pod weight. Application of phosphorus also significantly increased green pod yield, pod number and number of seeds per pod. The two varieties responded to nitrogen application differentially with respect to green pod yield. For optimum green pod yield of White velvet 35 kg N ha^–1 is suggested while for variety NHAE 47-4, N fertilization can be increased to 70 kg ha^–1. There was no differential response of varieties to phosphorus fertilization for green pod yield; however, the application of 13 kg ha^–1 enhanced the performance of both varieties.     

不同钾水平对白菜产量和钾肥效率的影响

采用田间试验研究了不同钾水平对白菜产量、养分吸收量和钾肥利用效率的影响。结果表明,不同钾水平(K1、K2和K3)均能显著提高白菜产量,增产率为5.5%~12.8%;不同钾水平处理白菜全钾吸收量均显著提高,增幅为16.2%~30.3%;不同钾水平处理钾肥偏生产力、钾肥农学效率和钾肥利用率随施钾量的增加显著降低,均以K1处理最大,K2次之。本试验条件下,白菜产量、养分吸收量和钾肥利用效率均较优的处理为K2(300-90-150)处理。     

A nitrogen and phosphorus herbage nutrient index as a tool for assessing the effect of N and P supply on the dry matter yield of permanent pastures

In order to propose consistent decision rules for fertilizer supply, a study was made on the effect of additions of N and P fertilizers and of their interaction on the above-ground dry matter yield of pastures during spring. The interaction between N and P could occur through nutrient acquisition or nutrient efficiency for growth. We therefore characterised the herbage N and P status (N and P index) from previously established critical curves of herbage mineral content according to above-ground dry matter. First we studied the effect of N and P addition on herbage nutrient status. Secondly, we expressed the above-ground dry matter as a function of the herbage nutrient status. This study consisted of four treatments applied to four permanent pastures which had a low phosphorus availability. The results showed a positive effect of P supply on the herbage nitrogen status, which may be due to an increase of organic matter mineralization or root growth. The P herbage status decreased only if N was supplied without P. The dry matter yield was positively related to the herbage nitrogen status, but a low P herbage status reduced the slope of the relationship. For the pastures studied, the indirect effect of P supply on above-ground dry matter, revealed by an increase in N index, was greater than its direct effect. This methodology allows us to distinguish the direct and indirect effects of N and P addition on herbage growth at field level. It could be used to propose consistent rules to manage jointly both N and P supplies.