镀铜石墨粉的制备研究

表面镀铜的非金属材料是当前功能材料开发的一个热点.利用化学镀的方法在石墨粉的表面进行化学镀铜,通过对化学镀铜沉积速度和镀层表面形貌进行分析,探讨了如何获得表面包覆良好的镀层.石墨粉表面化学镀铜工艺可以分为表面预处理、化学镀和性能测试三大步骤.研究重点放在化学镀施镀步骤上,对化学镀铜的影响因素进行了研究,得出最佳的镀铜工艺配方,并将此配方应用于实际,得到了色泽光亮、分散性好的石墨镀铜粉.     

简化预处理辅助化学镀制备Cu包覆TiC复合粉末

研究了一种简化预处理辅助化学镀工艺制备Cu包覆TiC复合粉末.利用场发射扫描电子显微镜和能谱仪分析了原始TiC粉末,预处理之后的TiC粉末,Cu包覆TiC复合粉末的表面形貌和成分,同时也阐述了Cu镀层的生长机理.结果表明,经过简化预处理之后的TiC出现了很多表面缺陷,Cu能够均匀的包覆在TiC颗粒表面.其生长机理如下:经过预处理之后的TiC出现很多表面缺陷,成为化学镀过程中的活性点;化学镀过程中,Cu在TiC表面的各个缺陷处形核长大;Cu与Cu之间相互接触相互作用形成密集的网状结构最终形成致密的Cu镀层.     

含镀铜石墨颗粒铜基复合材料研究

采用化学镀铜工艺在石墨颗粒表面镀上一层金属铜,通过粉末冶金方法制备了铜/石墨复合材料,研究了石墨颗粒表面铜镀层在不同处理温度下的球化问题和改善复合材料界面结合的作用效果.结果表明,石墨颗粒表面铜镀层有利于改善铜基石墨复合材料的界面结合,使复合材料力学性能提高;处理温度较高时,表面铜镀层有熔融球化的趋势,当复合材料烧结温度超过石墨镀铜层的完全球化温度时,镀铜石墨粉改善界面结合的效果逐渐降低,直至消失.     

Wear properties and effect of molds on microstructure of graphite reinforced copper alloy composites made by centrifugal casting

Graphite reinforced copper alloy composites were cast using gravity and centrifugal casting techniques to identify the effect of graphite particles on microstructural formation and the effect of the casting techniques on the distribution of the particles. Melt containing either 5 or 120 μm size graphite particles were gravity cast in both steel and graphite molds. Melts containing 5 μm graphite particles were also cast in a horizontal centrifugal casting machine. Samples cast in the graphite molds exhibited much greater pore size than that found in the samples cast in the steel molds. Graphite particles moved to the inner periphery when influenced by centrifugal force, resulting in the formation of graphite-rich and graphite-free zones. The volume fraction of graphite particles near the inner periphery was 13%, which is higher than the initial volume fraction of graphite particles (7 vol.%) added into the melt. The results of wear testing showed that the friction coefficient of the pin from the graphite-rich zone is 0.49 and 0.69 for the pin from the graphite-free zone. The size of the machining chips from the graphite-rich zone was much smaller than those from the graphite-free zone. These results suggest that this composite may be an attractive substitute for copper alloys containing lead.     

碳管对Ni-P镀层摩擦磨损特性的影响

用电刷镀工艺制备了碳管加入量分别为0、0.5、1、2g/L的Ni-P/CNT复合镀层,取其一半进行400℃×1h热处理,从而获得晶态Ni-P/CNT复合镀层.然后对以上二种复合镀层的摩擦磨损特性进行研究.结果表明:碳管的加入减小了镀层的摩擦系数和磨损质量损失,而且碳管加入量越大,摩擦系数和磨损质量损失越小;即使在重摩擦条件下(高的载荷×滑动速度),摩擦系数和磨损质量损失增加幅度不大或基本保持不变.非晶镀层在低载低速磨损中以犁削磨损机制为主,而高载高速时以粘着机制为主;晶态Ni-P镀层主要是脆性剥落,而晶态碳管复合镀层主要是表层塑性变形和微犁削.     

Development of copper coatings on molybdenum powders by electroless plating technique

Mo powders with average particle size of 3 μm were attempted to coat with copper by electroless plating technique. The effect of the solution composition and plating conditions on the electroless copper plating was studied. The uncoated and coated powders were subjected to the microstructural studies by SEM and the phases were analyzed by XRD. The results indicate that the Mo powders are coated with copper, at （he same time, Mo-Cu composite powders with Cu content ranging from 15% to 85% （mass fraction） can be obtained. The optimal values of pH, HCHO concentration and temperature are in the ranges of 12-13, 22-26 ml/L and 60-65℃, respectively. The diffusion-shrinkage autocatalytic model is suggested for the growth mechanism of electroless coating over the surface.     

Preparation and characterization of molybdenum powders with copper coating by the electroless plating technique

Molybdenum powders with a diameter of approximately 3 μm were coated with copper using the electroless plating technique in the pH 12.5-13 and temperature range of 55-75℃.The optimization of the electroless copper bath was evaluated through the combination of process parameters like pH and temperature.The optimized values of pH and temperature were found to be 12.5 and 60℃,respectively,which attributes to the bright maroon color of the coating with an increase in weight of 46%.The uncoated and coated powders were subjected to microstructural studies using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and the phases were analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD).An attempt was made to understand the growth mechanism of the coating.The diffusion-shrinkage autocatalytic model was suggested for copper growth on the molybdenum surface.     

石墨化学镀Ni—P合金的结构及耐蚀性研究

采用扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射及阳极极化曲线测定等方法,对石墨化学镀Ni-P合金的组织结构及耐蚀性进行了研究.结果表明,该镀层在磷含量大于8%时为非晶态结构;加热到300℃时转变为晶态结构;其表面形貌与普通碳钢Ni-P合金层的表面形貌相同.在不同pH值且含有级离子的介质中均有钝化现象,镀层结合力极强.因此该镀层具有很好的耐蚀性.     

化学镀黑镍工艺特点和镀膜性能及其应用

介绍了化学镀黑镍工艺及其镀膜性能,试验表明化学镀黑镍可以增加材料表面硬度、耐磨性和耐蚀性,并具有良好的装饰性能和工艺性能。     

CNTs-Cu和C-Cu复合材料的载流摩擦学行为(英文)

采用粉末冶金方法在相同的工艺条件下制备CNTs-Cu和C-Cu复合材料。采用销盘式载流摩擦磨损试验机对两种材料的载流摩擦学行为进行研究。结果表明:铜基复合材料的摩擦因数和磨损率均随着增强体含量的增加而减小,随着电流密度的增加而增大;电流对C-Cu复合材料的影响更加显著;C-Cu复合材料的主导磨损机制是电弧烧蚀和粘着磨损,而CNTs-Cu复合材料的主导磨损机制是粘着磨损和塑性流动变形。     

Evaluation of sliding wear behavior of graphite particle-containing magnesium alloy composites

1 Introduction More and more magnesium alloy products have been used in automobile and aerospace industries due to their low density, high specific strength and specific stiffness, good damping characteristic, excellent machineability and castability, etc…     

Effect of graphite particle size on wear property of graphite and Al_2O_3 reinforced AZ91D-0.8%Ce composites

The graphite particles and Al_2O_3 short fibers reinforced AZ91D-0.8%Ce composites were fabricated by squeeze-infiltration technique.The researches about the effects of different graphite particle sizes on the microstructure and wear property of the composites were performed under the condition of constant contents of graphite particles and Al_2O_3 short fibers.The results reveal that the grain size of the composites changes less when the graphite particle size descends.Moreover,Ce enriches around the gr...     

Microstructures and wear properties of graphite and Al2O3 reinforced AZ91D-Cex composites

The magnesium matrix composites reinforced by graphite particles and Al2O3 short fibers were fabricated by squeeze-infiltration technique. The additions dispersed uniformly and no agglomeration and casting defect were observed. The microstructures and wear properties of the composites with different Ce contents of 0, 0.4%, 0.8% and 1.0%, respectively, were investigated. Especially, the effect of Ce on the properties was discussed. The results reveal that Ce enriches around the boundaries of graphite particles and forms Al3Ce phase with Al. The addition of Ce refines the microstructures of the composites. With the increase of Ce content, the grain size becomes smaller and the wear resistance of the composite is improved. At low load, the composites have similar worn surface. At high load, the composite with 1.0% Ce has the best wear resistance due to the existence of Al3Ce phase. The Al3Ce phase improves the thermal stability of the matrix so the graphite particles can keep intact, which can still work as lubricant. At low load, the wear mechanism is abrasive wear and oxidation wear. At high load, the wear mechanism changes to delamination wear for all the composites.     

Low temperature bonding of LD31 aluminum alloys by electric brush plating Ni and Cu coatings

0Introduction Amongavarietyofbondingtechnologies,vacuum brazinghasbeenwidelyadoptedasareliablemethodfor joiningaluminumcomponents[1],whereintheAl Sialloys systemisrecognizedasthemostpopularfillermetals[2,3]. Althoughasoundjointcanbeachievedforcertainalumi…     

Improvement of thermal and mechanical properties of graphite/copper composites through interfacial modification

Unidirectionally reinforced graphite/copper composites have been fabricated using a pressure infiltration casting procedure. T300 and T650 graphite fibers have been used to reinforce copper and copperchromium alloys. The effects of the chromium level in the copper matrix on the tensile strength, stiffness, and thermal expansion behavior of the composites have been evaluated through tensile and three-point bend testing, and thermal cycling. At the 0.5 wt% alloying level, chromium increases the stiffness and optimizes the thermal expansion behavior of graphite/copper composites. The longitudinal tensile strengths of these composites are above 1606 MPa, whereas the transverse tensile strengths are lower than 40 MPa due to incomplete infiltration during processing. Scanning electron microscopy analyses reveal that the unalloyed copper matrix composites experienced extensive fiber/matrix debonding under tensile loading. The addition of chromium to the copper increases the level of matrix bonding to the graphite fibers, as evidenced by observations of fractured tensile specimens. Auger electron spectroscopy analyses indicate that a chromium carbide phase present at the interface is responsible for the improved bonding.     

Effect of graphite content on wear property of graphite/Al_2O_3/Mg-9Al-1Zn-0.8Ce composites

Using squeeze-infiltration technique, Mg-9Al-1Zn-0.8Ce composite reinforced by graphite particles and Al2O3 short fibers was fabricated. The reinforcing phases combined closely with the matrix and no agglomeration was observed. The microstructure, hardness and wear property of the composites with the graphite content of 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% were investigated, respectively. The results reveal that Ce tends to enrich around the boundaries of graphite particles and Al2O3 short fibers, and forms Al3Ce phase. Wh...     

热处理对Ni—Cu—P化学镀层性能的影响

研究了热处理工艺对Ｎｉ－Ｃｕ－Ｐ化学镀层性能的影响,试验结果表明,Ｎｉ－Ｃｕ－Ｐ化学镀层具有较好的热稳定性,在３００℃以下加热时,其硬度变化并不明显。     

石墨对C/Cu复合材料微观组织及摩擦磨损性能的影响

利用机械合金化和放电等离子烧结技术制备C/Cu复合材料,用扫描电镜、透射电镜、X射线衍射仪、显微硬度计和销-盘摩擦磨损试验机对复合粉末和烧结体的组织结构、硬度、摩擦学行为进行了分析.结果表明:C/Cu复合粉末中Cu相粉末由纳米/亚微米复合颗粒组成,石墨主要以纳米层片状结构和非晶态存在,放电等离子体烧结体组织致密、细小且均匀,随着碳含量增加,烧结体的硬度与密度减小;C/Cu复合材料烧结样品在摩擦过程中形成润滑膜,表现出较低的摩擦系数和良好耐磨性,其磨损机制主要为氧化磨损、粘着磨损和剥层磨损.     

化学镀Ni—P—PTFE的研究

Ni-P-PTFE 复合镀工艺提高了 Ni-P 镀层的耐磨性和自润滑性.文章研究了在45~°钢基体上获得 Ni-P-PTFE 复合层的工艺,着重讨论了镀液中聚四氟乙烯含量,表面活性剂温度等对镀层中聚四氟乙烯含量、施镀速度的影响。并对镀层的结构,表观质量和形貌等进行了分析,为此工艺的实际应用提供了依据。     

碳/铜载流滑动摩擦过程中摩擦学与电弧行为

在先进的多功能摩擦磨损试验机上,对碳刷/铜环在有、无电流条件下的滑动摩擦学行为进行研究,并对电弧行为进行分析。结果表明：法向载荷是载流摩擦过程中电弧产生的主要控制因素之一;电弧强度随法向载荷的降低而增强,随电流的增大而增强;摩擦过程的不稳定和摩擦系数的波动强烈地依赖于电弧;碳刷的磨损量和磨损机制受电弧影响显著;当没有电弧产生时,在有、无电流条件下碳刷的磨损量没有显著差别,此时,碳刷磨损机理主要是机械磨损;当有电弧产生时,载流条件下碳刷的磨损量远高于无电流实验的,并随着电流的增大和法向载荷的降低而迅速增大,磨损机理主要是电弧烧蚀和粘着磨损,并伴有一定的材料转移。