基于统计特征的图像直方图均衡化检测方法

直方图均衡化作为图像对比度增强技术之一,在图像恶意篡改过程中经常被作为隐藏被篡改图像强度变化的手段.本文利用图像直方图和其累积分布函数曲线,提取直方图均衡化的痕迹特征,实现直方图均衡化篡改检测.本文提出的方法首先利用图像直方图累积分布函数的变化趋势自适应地选择提取特征的灰度范围,然后在该范围内分别提取累积分布函数与恒等...     

Image Contrast Enhancement by Constrained Local Histogram Equalization

Histogram equalization is a widely used image contrast enhancement method. While global histogram equalization enhances the contrast of the whole image, local histogram equalization can enhance many image details by taking different transformation of the same gray level at different places in the original image. However, the local histogram equalization process often results in unacceptable modification of the original image appearance. In this paper, a constrained local histogram equalization method is proposed to balance the conflicting requirements: enhancement of the image details and the maintenance of the overall image appearance. Our method uses the variational form of histogram equalization so that a constraint condition, which forces the local gray level transformations to change continuously in the spatial domain, can be introduced into the equalization process. Experimental results of different kinds of images show the effect of our method.     

保持亮度的多峰值直方图均衡算法

现有的直方图均衡算法在增强图像对比度的同时,输出图像的亮度与输入图像无关,并且在均衡区域产生亮度饱和现象,提出了一种新的直方图均衡算法.以亮度保持的双直方图均衡算法(BBHE)为基础,改进其对子图像的分类方式:根据直方图对图像进行多峰值分解,得到一系列不同范围的子图像,然后对每一个子图像在其相应的灰度范围内进行直方图均衡,最后合并这些子图像的均衡结果.实验结果表明,直方图均衡新算法不仅在保持了输出图像亮度的同时,而且非常有效的解决了在原图像均衡区域产生的亮度饱和问题对图像的影响.     

Image contrast enhancement for intelligent surveillance systems using multi-local histogram transformation

Among all applications to monitor the safety and security of working environments, surveillance systems that use computer vision are the most efficient and intuitive in the manufacturing industry. This paper introduces a new technique of contrast enhancement for surveillance systems using computer vision. The histogram equalization method is a common and widespread image enhancement method which maximizes the contrast of the image. This contrast enhancement method usually improves the quality of images, but it can suffer from visual deterioration caused by excessive histogram modification. To overcome the limitations of conventional contrast enhancement methods, this paper introduces a new multi-local histogram transformation method for surveillance systems. This technique is based on the local histograms, which are separated from the overall histogram of the image, and the contrast of the image can be enhanced through two major processes: range reassignment of local histograms and local histogram equalization. The multi-local histogram transformation in this paper enhances the contrast of images, preventing excessive compression and extension of image histograms. The performance of the suggested contrast enhancement method is verified by the experiments in four different environments.     

遥感图像理想均衡化及图像质量定量评价

大多数原始的遥感影像由于其灰度分布集中在较窄的范围内,影像的细节不够清晰,对比度较低。为了使影像的灰度范围拉开或使灰度均匀分布,从而增大反差,增强影像细节信息,通常采用的方法为直方图均衡化。通过对信息熵定义的阐述,引出直方图均衡化的图像增强算法。通过分析传统直方图均衡化算法中存在的缺陷,进而基于分段映射思想提出一种改进的理想直方图均衡化算法。同时,为了对传统算法和改进算法进行定量化地分析比较,基于同时对比度以及人类视觉对比度分辨率限制和模糊数学的相关思想,分别提出基于加权几何平均数法的合成平均对比度和细节评价参数的定义。最后,采用同时对比度、基于加权几何平均数法的合成平均对比度以及细节评价参数作为定量评价的指标,对所提出的改进算法进行了定量评价。评价结果表明,该改进算法的图像增强效果优于传统的直方图均衡化算法。     

Image contrast enhancement using fuzzy clustering with adaptive cluster parameter and sub-histogram equalization

Histogram equalization is an effective technique to boost image quality and contrast enhancement. However, in some cases the increase in image contrast by traditional histogram equalization exceeds the desired amount Which damages the image properties and wanes its natural look. Histogram division and performing a separate equalization for each sub-histogram is one of the presented solutions. The dividing method and determining the number of sub-histograms are the main problems directly affecting the output image quality. In this study, a method is introduced for automatic determination of the number of sub-histograms and density based histogram division leading to appropriate output with no need for parameter setting. Each main peak is in a separate section. Image contrast is increased with no loss of image specifications through determining the number of sub-histograms based on the number of main peaks. The introduced histogram equalization approach consists of three stages. The first stage, using histogram analysis, produces an automated estimate of number of clusters for image brightness levels. The second, clusters the image brightness levels, and using the provided transfer function, the final stage includes contrast enhancement for each individual cluster separately. The results of the proposed approach demonstrate not only clearer details along with a boost in contrast, but also noticeably more natural appearance in the images.     

基于多尺度Retinex算法的遥感图像增强

大多数的遥感图像存在视觉对比度低、分辨率低的缺点．因而在对遥感图像分析之前,通常都需要通过遥感图像增强技术对图像进行增强处理。当前的图像增强方法有很多种,文中引入了一种新颖的图像增强方法,即多尺度Rednex（MSR）算法。这种增强技术尤其对能见度差、分辨率低的图像有很好的效果,因此适合于对遥感图像的增强处理。此外,还引入了几种常用的经典图像增强方法,如直方图均衡法等。为了证实所引入的MSR算法对遥感图像的增强效果优于其他的增强方法,在实验中,将经典的图像增强方法和MSR算法分别应用于增强一幅典型的遥感图像并对比增强后的增强效果。实验结果表明MSR算法在对遥感图像的增强中可以取得满意的效果并且优于其他的图像增强方法。     

基于多尺度带限的自适应直方图均衡和数学形态学的医学 X 射线图像对比度增强算法

医学 X 射线图像是临床上应用最广泛的影像之一。由于需要采用低剂量的 X 射线进行成像,而 X 射线 图像存在一个本质的缺陷,就是低对比度。所以,在临床应用中,往往需要对图像对比度进行增强处理。根据 X 射线图像特性,文章提出了基于多尺度带限的自适应直方图均衡和数学形态学的 X 射线图像对比度增强算法。首 先,采用拉普拉斯高斯金字塔变换把图像分解成高频和低频的不同尺度子波段图像;然后对每塔层高频子图像应 用对比度带限的自适应直方图均衡进行处理,相应的各塔层低通子图像使用数学形态学进行增强处理;最后,各 塔层经过增强处理的高频和低频系数,通过拉普拉斯高斯金字塔的逆变换重构出对比度增强的图像。增强图像再 经全局非线性算子进行对比度的增益调整,获得自然的视觉效果。实验结果表明该算法有效地增强了医学 X 射线 图像的对比度,并通过图像对比度评价标准和对比度改进索引度量算法来分析及对比了算法的性能。     

浅谈图像增强的直方图处理及其MATLAB实现

图像增强是图像处理的一个重要分支,它对图像整体或局部特征能有效地改善;直方图是图像处理中最重要的基本概念之一,它能有效地用于图像增强.本文主要讨论了直方图均衡化和规定化处理的图像增强技术,并给出了相关的推导公式和算法;同时用MATLAB语言加以实现,给出标准的数字图像在各种处理前与处理后的对照图像、具体算法、实验结果及直方图.结果表明,用直方图均衡化和规定化的算法,能将原始图像密集的灰度分布变得比较稀疏,使处理后的图像视觉效果得以改善,提高其对比度.     

Contrast enhancement for cephalometric images using wavelet-based modified adaptive histogram equalization

Cephalometric images usually have low contrast. The existing techniques for automatic cephalometric analysis usually use histogram equalization for image enhancement. This technique has the advantage of being fully automatic and nonlinear. However, it suffers from spikes, excessive enhancement, and lack of brightness preservation. The proposed technique is an adaptive histogram equalization technique that uses wavelet based gradient histograms. This paper compares its performance with two traditional techniques, three histogram modification based techniques, and two wavelet based techniques. Forty digital and scanned cephalograms are used to conduct tests. In addition to visual histograms and intensity profiles, the proposed method is compared in terms of eight quantitative measures. The various measures are applied to analyze the results in terms of contrast enhancement (EME, CNR), brightness preservation (AMBE), edge conservation and enhancement (H, TEN), preservation of image structures and non-addition distortion (MSSIM, SVD-M). The proposed method gives good contrast enhancement, with better brightness preservation without losing edge information and with the minimum addition of distortions to the enhanced cephalometric images.     

医学图像增强与直方图处理

文章介绍了图像增强的相关知识,重点介绍了用直方图增强图像的方法。用直方图处理图像包括直方图均衡化和直方图规定化。直方图均衡化和直方图规定化能增强图像的对比度,使图像更清晰。直方图均衡化对局部细节的增强效果不显著,而直方图规定化则使关注的细节变得更清晰。所以直方图规定化法处理医学图像局部细节方面优于均衡化。     

An ear biometric system based on artificial bees and the scale invariant feature transform

Ear recognition is a new biometric technology that competes with well-known biometric modalities such as fingerprint, face and iris. However, this modality suffers from common image acquisition problems, such as change in illumination, poor contrast, noise and pose variation. Using a 3D ear models reduce rotation, scale variation and translation-related problems, but they are computationally expensive. This paper presents a new architecture of ear biometrics that aims at solving the acquisition problems of 2D ear images. The proposed system uses a new ear image contrast enhancement approach based on the gray-level mapping technique, and uses an artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm as an optimizer. This technique permits getting better-contrasted 2D ear images. In the feature extraction stage, the scale invariant feature transform (SIFT) is used. For the matching phase, the Euclidean distance is adopted. The proposed approach was tested on three reference ear image databases: IIT Delhi, USTB 1 and USTB 2, and compared with traditional ear image contrast enhancement approaches, histogram equalization (HE) and contrast limited adaptive histogram equalization (CLAHE). The obtained results show that the proposed approach outperforms traditional ear image contrast enhancement techniques, and increases the amount of detail in the ear image, and consequently improves the recognition rate.     

Adaptive-neighborhood histogram equalization for image enhancement

By modifying the histogram of an image, a dramatic improvement in the perceptibility of details can often be achieved. However, the two commonly used methods of full-frame histogram equalization and local-area histogram equalization often fail to produce adequate enhancement when the image contains relatively small but variable-sized regions in which there are objects or features of interest with low visual contrast. A new method of adaptive-neighborhood histogram equalization that is effective in enhancing these types of images is proposed in this paper. In this method, an adaptive neighborhood is developed for each pixel in the image. The adaptive neighborhood is a compound region made up of a foreground that contains 8-connected pixels close in gray level to that of the seed pixel, and a background of neighboring pixels molded around the foreground. The histogram of this adaptive neighborhood is equalized to provide the transformation that is applied to the seed pixel. Major advantages of this method are the avoidance of block edge artifacts that are encountered in local-area histogram equalization, and improved perceptibility of image detail. Examples of images transformed using the three methods of histogram modification are presented along with a discussion of the merits of the adaptive-neighborhood method.     

The Implementation of Optimization Methods for Contrast Enhancement

The performances of the multivariate techniques are directly related to the variable selection process, which is time consuming and requires resources for testing each possible parameter to achieve the best results. Therefore, optimization methods for variable selection process have been proposed in the literature to find the optimal solution in short time by using less system resources. Contrast enhancement is the one of the most important and the parameter dependent image enhancement technique. In this study, two optimization methods are employed for the variable selection for the contrast enhancement technique. Particle swarm optimization (PSO) and artificial bee colony (ABC) optimization methods are implemented to the histogram stretching technique in parameter selection process. The results of the optimized histogram stretching technique are compared with one of the parameter independent contrast enhancement technique; histogram equalization. The results show that the performance of the optimized histogram stretching is better not only in distorted images but also in original images. Histogram equalization degraded the original images while the optimized histogram stretching has no effect due to being an adaptive solution.     

自适应直觉模糊相异直方图裁剪的图像增强算法

针对经典的直方图均衡化图像增强算法可能存在的对比度过度增强、亮度分布不均匀和细节信息不突出等问题,提出自适应直觉模糊相异直方图裁剪的图像增强算法.基于直觉模糊集的“投票模型”,引入直觉模糊相异直方图的概念,并基于此提取图像像素的空间位置信息.同时,利用S型隶属度函数对图像直觉模糊相异直方图进行自适应裁剪,采用分段策略对裁剪后的直觉模糊相异直方图进行均衡化处理.最后,利用直觉模糊集的犹豫度刻画原图像的未知信息,修正由引导滤波获得的细节图像,从而保留图像丰富的细节信息.针对3种类型的图像,即自然图像、MRI脑图像及近红外图像的实验结果表明,所提出算法能够有效提高图像的对比度,保留图像的细节信息,使图像呈现较自然的视觉效果,改善图像的质量评价指标.     

基于Retinex理论的新型遥感图像增强算法

针对遥感图像视觉存在对比度差\,分辨率低的缺点,以及传统的Retinex算法在对图像增强时往往会出现色彩恢复不协调,呈现泛白发灰现象,提出了一种多尺度Retinex算法与直方图均衡化相结合的新型遥感图像增强算法。首先对多尺度Retinex算法进行非线性全局改进,用于增强HSV色彩空间中的V分量,然后用直方图均衡化方法对RGB空间中三分量做同步增强处理。实验结果表明:与多尺度Retinex算法相比,算法增强后图像的均值可达到127,信息熵可提高29.5%,而且算法有效地解决了图像色彩恢复不协调和泛白发灰现象。     

通道修正均衡化的水下图像增强算法

水中介质和微粒的影响导致光波传播衰减和散射, 在成像过程中水下图像会出现模糊和色偏等情况, 这些 水下成像退化的情况给水下的目标识别、目标跟踪、特征提取等应用带来困难. 针对以上问题, 本文提出了一种基 于通道修正均衡化的暗通道先验(CCD)水下图像增强算法: 首先是对色偏的水下图像进行通道修正均衡化, 利用直 方图强度中心做一个映射, 并将映射的三通道信息融合到限制对比度自适应直方图均衡化中, 改善了图像色偏和对 比度不足的情况; 其次是通过暗通道先验算法进行去模糊, 通过水下增强图像数据集的实验表明, CCD比现有算法 更有效地应对了水下图像成像退化问题, 取得了更好的图像质量指标; 此外, 在特征检测预处理步骤中, 本文方法能 够将检测特征点数提高约1.88倍.     

基于直方图的图像增强及其MATLAB实现

图像增强是数字图像的预处理,对图像整体或局部特征能有效地改善。我们讨论了基于直方图的均衡化和规定化处理的图像增强技术基本原理,给出了相关推导公式和算法;同时,以一个灰度图像为例,用MATLAB语言实现了直方图均衡化和规定化增强处理,并给出了具体程序、实验结果图像及直方图。结果表明,直方图均衡化和规定化处理能有
有效改善灰度图像的对比度差和灰度动态范围。     

Image contrast enhancement for preserving mean brightness without losing image features

Histogram equalization is a well-known and effective technique for improving the contrast of images. However, the traditional histogram equalization (HE) method usually results in extreme contrast enhancement, which causes an unnatural look and visual artifacts of the processed image. In this paper, we propose a novel histogram equalization method that is composed of an automatic histogram separation module and an intensity transformation module. First, the proposed histogram separation module is a combination of the proposed prompt multiple thresholding procedure and an optimum peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) calculation to separate the histogram in small-scale detail. As the final step of the proposed process, the use of the intensity transformation module can enhance the image with complete brightness preservation for each generated sub-histogram. Experimental results show that the proposed method not only retains the shape features of the original histogram but also enhances the contrast effectively.     

极端天气条件下低质图像增强算法研究

针对雾霾、雨雪、沙尘等极端天气下获得的图像严重退化的问题,提出一种自适应的单幅图像增强算法。首先设计一种图像分类器,判断图像是否为降质图像,若是则根据色度分量值对图像分别处理。其次对于雾霾图像,在暗原色先验算法基础上,通过分割图像的明亮区域求取透射率,改善了原算法复原的图像易产生光晕的现象,并将该算法扩展应用于雨雪图像;为了处理沙尘图像,采用限制对比度自适应直方图均衡化算法,为了校正该算法处理图像时对比度和亮度失衡的问题,采用伽马校正。与其他算法对比实验表明该算法有效提高了图像的清晰度,同时避免了光晕的产生,解决了沙尘图像处理中对比度和亮度失衡的问题。