Performance improvement in detection and estimation of MC-CDMA systems over MIMO channels

Multiple-input Multiple-output (MIMO) multi-carrier code division multiple access (MC-CDMA) is a strong candidate for the downlink of future mobile communications to obtain high data rates. Nevertheless, during any transmission over fading channel, performance of MC-CDMA systems are highly degraded due to the presence of multiple access interference (MAI). Multi-user detection (MUD) and channel estimation play a major role in overcoming MAI and characterising the channel, respectively. In this paper, space time serial interference cancellation (STSIC) detection using random and Gold codes and turbo aided iterative channel estimation (ICE) techniques are extended for MC-CDMA system MIMO channels to overcome MAI. Simulation results show STSIC outperforms optimal MUD and linear MUD techniques in mitigating MAI and turbo aided ICE surpasses ICE in characterising the channel with reduced error rates.     

WCDMA系统中的差分最小均方误差多用户检测算法研究

针对现有自适应多用户检测算法需要训练比特、不能适应快衰落信道的问题,提出适用于WCDMA系统的基于差分最小均方误差（DMMSE）准则的自适应多用户检测算法。该算法结合二级扩频体制的特点,根据具有相同综合扩频码的相邻接收符号幅度变化的比率变化自适应调整横向滤波器的权系数,由于该方法更能刻画多址干扰的变化规律,因此可有效地抑制多址干扰。仿真结果表明,在多普勒频移的传播环境下,DMMSE算法的误码性能优于现有自适应MMSE算法。     

OFDM系统中基于训练序列的参数信道估计算法的改进

针对OFDM通信系统中基于训练序列的常规信道估计算法存在矩阵求逆过程,使算法计算量过大的现象,提出了一种基于最优训练序列的信道估计简化算法。该算法通过对训练序列的最优设计,避免了矩阵求逆,大大降低了算法的复杂度和运算量。通过仿真实验,表明优化后的信道估计算法具有更好的性能和实际应用价值。     

Efficient groupwise multiuser detection with iterative soft interference cancellation for multi-rate MC-CDMA

This paper presents an effective multiuser detector (MUD) for the uplink of multi-rate multi-carrier code division multiple access (MC-CDMA) systems. The MUD considered is an iterative receiver which utilizes the soft information to refine the estimation of the interference to enhance the interference cancellation capability. More specifically, users are first classified into separate groups according to their transmission rates. In each iteration, these groups of users are detected sequentially based on a set of group detectors with the removal of multiple access interferences (MAI) group by group, where the estimated interferences in each group, incurred from the users either in the same rate group or in the other rate groups, are refined successively with the assistance of the soft information in the symbol detection process. Moreover, for practical low-complexity implementations, the users in each group are further partitioned into smaller subgroups based on their effective channel correlations and then detected in parallel by a bank of minimum mean-squared error (MMSE) soft detectors to further reduce the computational load. Conducted simulations show that the proposed MUD can effectively suppress the MAI to render superior performance but with reduced computations compared to previous works.     

改进的基于DFT的OFDM系统信道估计算法

在正交频分复用（OFDM）系统中,针对常用的信道估计算法不能有效地抑制信道冲激响应中循环前缀长度内噪声的不足,提出了一种改进的基于离散傅里叶变换（DFT）的信道估计算法。该算法是一个多次迭代的过程,通过最小二乘算法获得导频位置处的信道频域响应,经过逆傅里叶变换后,利用时域内引入的能量增长速率函数来判断信道冲激响应分布情况,以便对其进行消噪处理,最后通过多次迭代进一步抑制子载波间干扰和加性高斯白噪声。仿真结果表明,无论在多普勒频移较小还是较大的情况下,该算法的估计性能均优于最小二乘（LS）信道估计算法、传统基于DFT的信道估计算法和基于阈值的信道估计算法。在系统误比特率为[10-2]时,改进的基于DFT的信道估计算法比其他算法有3~5 dB的性能增益。     

基于UKF的CDMA系统信道参数估计

CDMA系统信道时间延迟估计是一个非线性的迭代过程。UKF算法能够避免EKF由于线性化非线性系统而带来的误差过大等问题,比EKF估计的更加精确。利用UKF算法对CDMA系统信道的幅度衰减参数与延时参数进行了估计。在研究中考虑到了多址干扰和远近效应对信道参数的影响,仿真结果表明UKF算法能有效地抑制远近效应及多址干扰,估计出无线信道参数。     

基于粒子群算法的盲多用户检测器

在信道参数未知的多径环境下,盲多用户检测算法性能存在诸如收敛速度慢和估计精度低等问题。将粒子群算法运用到基于恒模算法的盲多用户检测中。仿真结果显示,粒子群算法能够更精确地估计出信道的参数,且其收敛速度非常快,在估计出信道参数之后再进行盲多用户检测,检测性能优良。     

基于叠加训练序列的MIMO-OFDM信道估计

为实现多输入多输出(MIMO)-正交频分复用(OFDM)系统相干检测,提出一种新的基于叠加正交训练序列的MIMO-OFDM信道估计.详细证明了算法的估计准则并说明了训练序列的构造.通过叠加与信息序列不相关的正交训练序列,快速有效地估计出信道的冲激响应,同时使得最小均方误差达到最小值.与最小二乘法比,该算法避免了复杂的矩阵求逆运算,降低了运算量,且通过叠加训练序列,没有带宽损失.通过计算机仿真证明了算法的有效性及高性能.     

新的基于训练序列的MIMO-OFDM时域信道估计方法

为了实现多输入多输出—正交频分复用系统的相干检测,提出一种新的基于训练序列的信道估计方法。将使用的训练序列在时间上呈现正交性,同时利用训练序列本身良好的相关特性简便、精确估计出信道的冲激响应。通过理论分析和计算机仿真证明,新的算法对比最佳训练序列的LS(最小二乘法)时域估计方法,在具有同样估计精度的同时,避免了复杂的矩阵求逆运算,使计算复杂度进一步降低。     

TDD reciprocity calibration for multi-user massive MIMO systems with iterative coordinate descent多用户大规模MIMO时分双工系统迭代坐标下降互易性校准算法

For massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna systems, time division duplexing (TDD) is preferred since the downlink precoding matrix can be obtained through the uplink channel estimation, thanks to the channel reciprocity. However, the mismatches of the transceiver radio frequency (RF) circuits at both sides of the link make the whole communication channel non-symmetric. This paper extends the total least square (TLS) method to the case of self-calibration, where only the antennas of the access points (APs) are involved to exchange the calibration signals with each other and the feedback from the user equipments (UEs) is not required. Then, the proof of the equivalence between the TLS method and the least square (LS) method is presented. Furthermore, to avoid the eigenvalue decomposition required by these two methods to obtain the calibration coefficients, a novel algorithm named as iterative coordinate descent (ICD) method is proposed. Theoretical analysis and simulation results show that the ICD method significantly reduces the complexity and achieves almost the same performance of the LS method.     

面向C-V2X通信的基于深度学习的联合信道估计与均衡算法

为了在不显著提升计算复杂度的情况下,有效提升通信系统的误码率（BER）性能,利用深度学习在数据处理方面的强大能力,提出一种面向基于蜂窝网络的车联网（C-V2X）通信的基于深度学习的联合信道估计与均衡算法——V-EstEqNet。与传统算法分两个阶段分别进行信道估计与均衡不同,V-EstEqNet将通信系统接收机中的信道估计与信道均衡进行联合考虑,并利用深度学习网络直接对接收数据进行校正和恢复,无须进行显式的信道估计环节即可完成信道均衡。具体而言,首先利用大量的接收数据对网络进行离线训练,使网络学习到叠加在接收数据中的信道特性;然后利用该特性恢复原始的发送数据。仿真实验结果表明,在不同的速度场景下,所提算法可以更加有效地追踪信道特性;同时,相较于传统信道估计算法（最小二乘法（LS）和线性最小均方误差法（LMMSE））配合传统信道均衡算法（迫零（ZF）均衡算法和最小均方误差（MMSE）均衡算法）,所提算法在低速环境下有最高有6 dB的BER增益,在高速环境下最高有9 dB的BER增益。     

多节点AF协作通信系统中的信道估计方法

依据频率选择性衰落信道下基于正交频分复用技术的多节点放大转发协作通信系统,提出一种基于叠加导频的分段式信道估计方法。该方法采用双块状导频,分别记录级联链路和第2段链路状态信息,并估计相应的信道状态信息,计算出第1段链路信道状态信息。仿真结果表明,该方法能够获得2段链路的信道状态信息,减小信道估计导频开销和时隙周期,提高信道估计的实时性。     

An efficient sparse channel estimator combining time-domain LS and iterative shrinkage for OFDM systems with IQ-imbalances

A time-domain(TD) least square(LS) channel estimator is first proposed to estimate channel parameters of OFDM system with IQ imbalances at both transmitter and receiver.Then,an iterative shrinkage(IS) algorithm from compressed sensing is adopted to further improve the estimation performance by using the TD-LS solution as the initial value of IS in the case of sparse channel.Simulation shows that our algorithm combining TD-LS and IS performs better on bit error rate than the frequency-domain LS and matching pursuit in sparse Hilly Terrain channel when the same LS equalizer is adopted.     

Efficient training algorithms for a class of shunting inhibitory convolutional neural networks

This article presents some efficient training algorithms, based on first-order, second-order, and conjugate gradient optimization methods, for a class of convolutional neural networks (CoNNs), known as shunting inhibitory convolution neural networks. Furthermore, a new hybrid method is proposed, which is derived from the principles of Quickprop, Rprop, SuperSAB, and least squares (LS). Experimental results show that the new hybrid method can perform as well as the Levenberg-Marquardt (LM) algorithm, but at a much lower computational cost and less memory storage. For comparison sake, the visual pattern recognition task of face/nonface discrimination is chosen as a classification problem to evaluate the performance of the training algorithms. Sixteen training algorithms are implemented for the three different variants of the proposed CoNN architecture: binary-, Toeplitz- and fully connected architectures. All implemented algorithms can train the three network architectures successfully, but their convergence speed vary markedly. In particular, the combination of LS with the new hybrid method and LS with the LM method achieve the best convergence rates in terms of number of training epochs. In addition, the classification accuracies of all three architectures are assessed using ten-fold cross validation. The results show that the binary- and Toeplitz-connected architectures outperform slightly the fully connected architecture: the lowest error rates across all training algorithms are 1.95% for Toeplitz-connected, 2.10% for the binary-connected, and 2.20% for the fully connected network. In general, the modified Broyden-Fletcher-Goldfarb-Shanno (BFGS) methods, the three variants of LM algorithm, and the new hybrid/LS method perform consistently well, achieving error rates of less than 3% averaged across all three architectures.     

MIMO-OFDM系统中基于小波包的信道估计方法

对多输入多输出-正交频分复用(MIMO-OFDM)系统中基于导频辅助的最小二乘(LS)信道估计算法进行研究,针对LS算法对噪声影响比较敏感的缺点,提出了一种基于小波包去噪的信道估计方法,对导频符号的信道响应进行去噪处理后,再做内插估计.根据该方法的思想,基于长期演进(LTE)协议进行计算机仿真与分析,结果表明该方法比传统的LS估计算法具有更好的性能,能够有效减小信道噪声的影响,提高信道估计精度.     

TD-LTE下行发射分集自适应信道估计研究分析*

为了研究适用于TD-LTE系统下行信道发射分集模式下的信道估计算法,在基于离散分布的小区专用参考信号基础上分析了最小二乘（LS）和递归最小二乘（RLS）信道估计算法。为了简化MIMO信号检测的复杂度,针对发射分集模式提出了两种信道响应值的修正方法,改善的信道响应修正算法利用了时频域相关特性可以更好地跟踪信道变化。通过MATLAB在瑞利衰落信道下的仿真,表明RLS信道估计性能优于LS信道估计算法,而改善的信道响应修正算法能够进一步提高传统修正算法的性能。     

基于小波去噪与变换域的信道估计方法

针对长期演进(LTE)下行正交频分复用(OFDM)系统的最小二乘(LS)信道估计算法对噪声比较敏感的问题,提出了一种基于小波变换去噪与变换域插值相结合的信道估计方法.该方法通过在最小二乘(LS)估计之后加入小波阈值去噪过程,再通过变换域低通滤波插值估计进行双重去噪处理.计算机仿真结果表明,该估计方法能够有效地去除加性高斯白噪声,比一般的LS估计算法性能要好,在一定程度上弥补了LS估计算法对噪声敏感的缺陷.     

基于滑窗滤波和多项式拟合的时变信道估计方法

基于长期演进（LTE）的车辆到一切（LTE-V2X）标准沿用LTE标准的帧格式,并采用块状导频辅助的单载波频分多址（SC-FDMA）系统完成信道估计。然而,由于V2X信道的时变特性,接收机信道估计面对巨大的技术挑战。因此,设计了一种基于滑窗滤波和多项式拟合的时变信道估计方法。针对导频符号处的噪声问题,在最小二乘（LS）方法基础上,采用了自适应长度的滑动窗口滤波进行降噪处理,从而保证导频符号处的信道估计精度。另外,根据多普勒频移大小,设计了自适应阶次的多项式拟合方法来跟踪数据符号处的信道变化。仿真结果表明,所提方法在LS方法的基础上有良好的去噪效果,在低速移动情况下的估计精度介于LS方法和线性最小均方误差（LMMSE）方法之间,而该方法在高速移动条件下能更好地拟合信道的时变特性,且性能上超过了LMMSE方法结合线性插值的信道估计方法。以上结果说明,所提方法相对于对比方法具有更好的自适应性,适用于不同的信道噪声和终端移动速度下的LTE-V2X通信场景。     

MIMO-OFDM系统空间相关性迭代信道估计算法

针对受到噪声干扰及多普勒效应等因素影响的多输入多输出（Multi-Input Multi-Output,MIMO）正交频分复用（Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing,OFDM）无线系统信道估计问题,提出了一种有效的空间相关性迭代信道估计算法（SCICE）。SCICE利用同步符号与协议数据单元中的前置训练序列和中置训练序列,对信道的空间相关性进行估计,数据信息根据该信道相关性信息得到初始的信道估计值,接收端根据信道估计值进行数据符号检测,并将这些信息作为已知信息,以迭代的方式逐渐减小因空间相关性导致的信道估计误差,进而提高信道估计的准确性。与现有迭代信道估计算法的性能比较表明了提出的SCICE算法在瑞利衰落信道以及不同调制方式下具有更好的信道估计均方差与误码率性能。     

OFDM系统中基于因子图的信道估计算法

为提高正交频分复用(OFDM)系统的信道估计精度,根据频谱资源的无陑信道特性,提出基于因子图的 OFDM 系统信道估计算法,包括二维联合信道估计算法和2个级联的一维信道估计算法。将时变频率选择性衰落信道建模为一阶自回归模型,使信道参数之间的交互信息近似为高斯分布,利用和积算法实现OFDM系统的联合信道估计和符号检测。仿真结果表明,该信道估计算法能够以较低的计算复杂度逼近最优的估计性能。