甲壳素及其衍生物的利用综述

概述了甲壳素及其衍生物在化学、医药、日用品、农业、食品等工业中的有效利用。     

甲壳素与甲壳胺纤维 3.纤维的化学改性

作为天然高分子材料,甲壳素和甲壳胺有许多优良的物化和生物活性。通过化学改性,甲壳素和甲壳胺可以获得更多的性能。总结了甲壳素和甲壳胺的化学衍生物和各种复合材料。     

浅议甲壳素的研究与开发

甲壳素是自然界中唯一的碱性多糖,有良好的生物相容性和生物降解性.本文综述甲壳素化学研究与开发应用,着重围绕甲壳素化学结构与物化性质以及甲壳低聚糖、壳聚糖和其衍生物应用进行评论.     

甲壳素研究进展

本综述了甲索素在结构鉴定，制备，化学改性及应用等方面的近期研究进展。     

甲壳质的化学反应及其应用

甲质壳由虾、蟹壳等加工而成，是地球上蕴藏量最丰富的有机物之一。近十年来，随着对甲壳质及其衍生物的特性和功能认识的深化、甲壳质生产已逐渐工业化。本文从国情出发，分别介绍了甲壳素及壳聚糖的化学结构、甲壳素及壳聚糖的化学改性及其衍生物的潜在应用、甲壳素及壳聚糖的开发和应用。     

壳聚糖产品开发的化学途径

论述天然高分子物质壳聚糖产品开发的一般化学途径,着重介绍甲壳素聚糖的来源、结构及其固有的特殊性质,包括生物适应性、吸水保湿性、成膜性,凝胶性、粘稠性、絮凝性、金属离子络合性等性质。     

甲壳素与壳聚糖及其衍生物的制备和日化工业中的应用

甲壳素和壳聚糖是一类资源比较丰富的天然氨基葡萄糖聚合物,它们具有独特的功能和特性,在许多领域内都有广泛的用途。本主要综述了甲壳素和壳聚糖及其衍生物的化学组成与特性、制备方法、功能作用以及在日化工业中的应用等方面的内容。     

甲壳素和壳聚糖的化学改性及其应用

介绍了甲壳素和壳聚糖化学改性的研究进展。重点讨论了酰化、羧基化、醚化、Ｎ－烷工经等反应，以及这些衍生物的各领域的应用前景。     

甲壳素／壳聚糖改性研究评述

甲壳素是一种天然有机高分子多糖，广泛分布于自然界甲壳纲动物虾、蟹的甲壳（约含 15％～ 20％）， 昆虫的甲壳， 真菌（酵母、霉菌如鲁氏毛霉 Mucor rouxii、布拉氏须霉 Phgcomyces blakesleeanus、卵孢接霉 Zygorhynchus moelleri）的细胞壁和植物（如蘑菇）的细胞壁中。蕴藏量在地球上的天然有机高分子物质中占第 2位，仅次于纤维素，估计年产量达 1.0× 1011t[1]。 甲壳素资源丰富，它们由自然界的生物大量合成。制造工艺简单，又具有良好的化学物理性质：能拉丝、成膜、制粒，能通过化学改良物化性能，能和多种物质（如胆固醇、脂肪…     

改性甲壳素和壳聚糖在食品中的应用

本文介绍了甲壳素和壳聚糖及其有关化学改性方法,阐述了水溶性甲壳素和壳聚糖衍生物的制备方法及其在食品工业中作食品添加剂的应用。     

水溶性甲壳质衍生物的开发

介绍了五种类型的水溶性甲壳质衍生物及其在化工、食品包装、农业、医疗、医药及生化上的应用。     

薄型甲壳素纤维多功能袜的试制

选用甲壳素纤维与棉混纺的纱线,编织成薄型甲壳素纤维多功能袜,解决了消费者特别是男士对夏季袜品选择出现的困惑。该款薄型甲壳素纤维多功能袜对人体有良好的保健作用,具有抑菌除臭、良好的透气性和凉爽的感觉。     

一种光致变色偶氮染料接枝羧甲基甲壳素高聚物的合成

以水为介质、过硫酸铵为引发剂,采用接枝共聚法合成了一种具有光致变色偶氮侧基的羧甲基甲壳素衍生物,用红外光谱对其结构进行了表征.讨论了反应温度、反应时间、引发剂用量、溶剂用量、单体用量对接枝共聚反应的影响.确定最佳合成条件为:羧甲基甲壳素0.3 g、溶剂水30.0 mL、引发剂30.0 mg、偶氮单体0.90 g、反应温度70℃、反应时间4.0 h,此时接枝率为92.0%,接枝效率为30.7%.     

Modification of chitin properties for enzymatic deacetylation

Chitins produced via a conventional chemical route as well as from a new biological process were modified to increase the efficiency of enzymatic deacetylation reactions for the production of novel biological chitosan. These modified chitins were reacted for 24 h with extracellular fungal enzymes from Colletotrichum lindemuthianum. The chemical and physical properties of the various substrates were analysed and their properties related to the effectiveness in the deacetylation reaction. Modifications of the chitins affected the degree of deacetylation with varied effects. Without further modification to reduce crystallinity and to open up the solid substrate structure, the chitins were found to be poor substrates for the heterogeneous solid‐liquid enzymatic catalysis. It was found that the solvent and drying method used in modifying the chitins had significant impact on the final efficiency of the enzymatic deacetylation reaction. The most successful modifications through freeze drying of a colloidal chitin suspension increased the degree of enzymatic deacetylation by 20 fold. These processes reduce the crystallinity of the chitin making it easier for the enzymes to access their internal structure. X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and BET isotherm analysis are employed to characterise the modified chitins to ascertain the degree of crystallinity, porous structure, surface area, and morphology. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry     

Optimum parameters for production of chitin and chitosan from squilla (S. empusa)

Chitin and chitosan of high quality were produced from squilla, a by‐catch of Indian Ocean fisheries, by demineralization, deproteination, and deacetylation. Optimum conditions for the production of chitin and chitosan were determined. The quality of chitin was assessed from its ash and protein content. Ash content was below 1% after treatment with 4% HCl for 12 h at 50°C. A protein content of less than 1% could be achieved by treatment with 4% NaOH in 12 h but only at a temperature of 70°C or higher. Production of chitin was also tested by a three‐stage treatment with altering sequence of sodium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid (HCl–NaOH–HCl or NaOH–HCl–NaOH). This three‐step treatment appeared to be successful to achieve a mineral content and protein content below 1% within 30 h and at a temperature not exceeding 50°C. The chitin obtained under optimum conditions was tested for deacetylation using NaOH concentrations of 40 and 50% for 12–44 h at 30, 50 and 70°C. The chitosan obtained had a degree of deacetylation of 77–86%, a viscosity of 8.2–16.2 × 10² cps, solubility of 98%, and molecular weight of ? 1 × 10⁶ dalton. The data show that processing of squilla waste can lead to a high quality chitosan, useful for a broad range of applications. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 103: 3694–3700, 2007     

甲壳素、壳聚糖及其衍生物在生物医药领域中的应用研究近况

随着甲壳素、壳聚糖及其衍生物研究的迅速发展,其研究内容和应用范围越来越广泛。本文主要介绍了它的发展,性质,提取及加工方法以及其在生物医药领域方面的应用和发展研究近况。     

甲壳素、壳聚糖及其衍生物的研究和应用

甲壳素、壳聚糖及其衍生物是一种天然高分子产品，随着对其研究的深入发展，涉及的内容和应用范围也越来越广泛。从甲壳素、壳聚糖发展历史、性质、应用及发展趋势等几方面对其进行简要综述。     

制备几丁质及脱乙酰几丁质的改良方法

鉴于几丁质及脱乙酰几丁质生产中出现的一些弊端,提出了降低生产成本、提高收率及产品质量的改良方法。     

天然高分子甲壳素/壳聚糖的最新进展

本文论述了甲壳素／壳聚糖的制备，结构，性质以及在纤维，医学，药学，功能膜材料，环保及污水处理，生化等领域近年来的最新应用进展和研究动态。     

甲壳质的制备及应用

本文介绍了甲壳质的制备方法及其在工业，农业，医药，环保等领域的应用。