基于Q统计量分量的故障检测算法研究

针对传统PCA故障检测算法的结果有定论不明确的缺陷,提出一种基于Q统计量分离的故障检测新方法,把Q统计量分为PVR和CVR,前者代表显著与主元有关的变量信息,后者代表与主元无明显关系的变量信息,再配合T2统计量共同用于监测过程,检测效果更细致.将此方法结合基于累积方差贡献率(CPV)和复相关系数(MCC)确定过程监测模型主元数的新方法,监测β-甘露聚糖酶发酵工业的过程,与传统的PCA故障检测方法比较,仿真研究结果表明该算法能够确保主元空间(PCS)中的信息存量,充分刻画过程变化,有效识别正常工况变化与故障,正确检测微弱故障,提高过程监控的准确性.     

基于故障检测率的主元个数确定方法

主元个数是PCA模型的关键参数,其选取直接决定PCA的故障诊断性能;针对传统主元个数选取方法主观性较大,且不考虑故障诊断要求的缺点,提出一种改进的主元个数确定方法;该方法将传统的累积方差贡献率与故障检测率相结合,首先利用累积方差贡献率初步确定主元个数,然后确定满足故障检测率要求的主元个数,将两个主元个数进行比较,从而获得最佳主元个数;与单纯累积方差贡献率方法相比,提高了主元模型的精度,减少了以往方法中人为因素的影响;通过对卫星控制系统的故障检测,证实了该方法可大大提高故障检测准确率。     

基于多块相对变换独立主元分析的故障诊断方法

针对复杂工业过程中故障诊断技术存在数据可分性差、噪声干扰、故障定位困难的问题,提出一种基于多块相对变换独立主元分析(MBRTICA)的故障诊断方法.为了使所提取的故障特征具有可分性,采用相对变换原理与FastICA算法融合的方式构建相对变换独立主元分析方法(RTICA)用于检测故障的发生.通过引入多块理论,将高维数据分成多个子块单元,并在每个子块单元内分别进行RTICA处理,确定故障发生的位置.最后用电主轴轴承裂纹故障的实验对所提方法进行验证,实验结果表明,基于MBRTICA的故障诊断方法可提高数据的可分性,能够有效减少噪声,同时提高故障检测的精度, 实现故障定位功能, 全面地对故障进行分析.     

基于故障检测的KPCA中核主元的选取方法

在应用KPCA进行故障检测时,根据累计贡献率选取的核主元是数据建模的最佳选择,但不是故障检测的最佳选择.为了解决这个问题,提出一种基于故障检测的KPCA中核主元的选取方法.使用核主元对样本马氏距离的贡献来评估核主元对故障检测的重要性,即运用即时累计贡献率(JITCPC)准则来选取核主元.选定和未选择的核主元分别用于定义主要和次要T2统计量,运用核密度估计方法计算出99％的控制限.将统计量与控制限比较进行故障检测.应用数值例子和半导体工业实例进行仿真研究,仿真结果说明JITCPC准则在基于KPCA的故障检测中的有效性和优越性.     

基于独立元的k近邻故障检测策略

k近邻故障检测(fault detection based on k nearest neighbors,FD–k NN)方法能够提高具有非线性和多模态特征过程的故障检测率.由于系统故障通常由潜隐变量异常变化引起,而该类型故障并不能被观测数据直观表现,因此直接在观测变量上执行FD–k NN方法,其故障检测率降低.本文旨在提高FD–k NN方法针对潜隐变量故障的检测能力,提出基于独立元的k近邻故障检测方法.首先,通过对观测数据应用独立元分析(independent component analysis,ICA)方法,获得独立元矩阵;接下来在独立元矩阵中应用FD–k NN方法进行故障检测.这等同于直接监控过程潜隐变量的变化,可以提高过程故障检测率.通过非线性实例仿真实验,证明本文方法检测潜隐变量故障是有效的;同时,在半导体蚀刻工艺过程的仿真实验中,与主元分析(principal component analysis,PCA)方法、核主元分析(kernel principal component analysis,KPCA)方法、基于主元分析的k近邻故障检测(principal component–based k nearest neighbor rule for fault detection,PC–k NN)方法和FD–k NN方法进行对比,实验结果进一步验证了本文方法的有效性.     

基于KPCA的监控系统传感器异常诊断方法

针对监控系统数据异常时,故障检测准确性不高的问题,提出一种基于监控系统传感器异常的核主元分析(KPCA)检测方法.利用平方预报误差(SPE)统计量和均方贡献值法进行故障检测和故障源的定位,改善了主元分析(PCA)应用于非线性系统故障检测准确性低的问题.分别利用基于KPCA和PCA的故障检测模型进行仿真比较.实验结果表明:KPCA提高了非线性监控系统传感器异常诊断的准确性.     

基于混合动态主元分析的故障检测方法

针对基于动态主元分析的故障检测方法存在的主元个数较多以及计算效率低等问题,本文提出基于混合动态主元分析(Hybrid Dynamic Principal Component Analysis,HDP-CA)的复杂过程故障检测方法。该方法采用分步策略消除数据之间的自相关和互相关性,提高了故障检测的精度和效率。对TE过程典型故障和热连轧过程中断带故障检测结果表明:HDPCA方法提取的主元个数少于DPCA方法提取的主元个数。并且,基于HDPCA的T2和SPE统计量的检测性能和检测精度都由于基于DPCA的统计量。因此,本文提出的方法可以准确有效地检测出故障。     

一种基于信噪比确定主元个数的方法

多段主元分析(MPCA)是针对间歇进行故障诊断一种行之有效的方法.在MPCA中主元个数的确定是模型的关键,关系到主元模型的可靠性、准确性、完备性.传统的累积方差贡献率(CPV)方法确定主元个数主观性较大并且没有考虑故障因素.为了提高检测性能,有效的提取主元,文中提出一种信噪比(SNR)与MPCA相结合选取间歇过程主元个数的方法,SNR表明的是故障诊断的灵敏度和主元个数的影响关系,在确保主元信息充分描述数据的基础上,该方法考虑了故障的信息对主元个数的影响来选取主元.将此方法应用于青霉素间歇发酵过程故障诊断中,仿真结果表明T2统计量和SPE统计量的响应曲线对故障更加敏感,有效地提高了故障诊断的准确率.     

基于核主元分析与神经网络的传感器故障诊断新方法

提出综合利用核函数主元分析(KPCA)和神经网络的方法实现非线性系统内传感器故障的检测和识别,克服了以往核函数主元分析法只能给出故障检测结果,却无法对故障进行识别的缺陷,并给出了在特征空间中计算残差的简单方法.最后,对一个简单的多变量过程进行了故障检测和识别,验证了这一诊断策略的有效性.     

基于改进动态主元分析的配电网高阻故障检测北大核心

传统配电网高阻故障检测方法无法对配电网数据缺失值完成插补,导致零序电流和零序电压的检测结果存在偏差。现提出基于改进动态主元分析的配电网高阻故障检测方法。利用GMDH算法填充配电网的数据缺失值,寻找配电网数据的最优复杂度。改进动态主元分析法,扩充配电网数据,建立配电网电量观测数据矩阵。求解该矩阵,获取SPE及T;的统计量,完成配电网的高阻故障检测。实验结果表明,利用所提方法检测配电网高阻故障,可有效检测出零序电流和零序电压,验证了所提方法具有一定应用优势。     

Principal component analysis based signal-to-noise ratio improvement for inchoate faulty signals: Application to ball bearing fault detection

This paper addresses the development of an algorithm that can improve the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in inchoate faulty signals. The removal of noise and preservation of fault information components cannot be easily achieved. Many techniques for SNR improvement in healthy signals rely on frequency bands. Such techniques have been proven to be efficient in improving the SRN by filtering out frequency bands (FoFBs). However, these techniques cannot reduce noise and preserve fault information when dealing with inchoate faulty signals. Thus, a feature extraction technique based on statistical parameters, which are free from Gaussian noise, is proposed in this paper. The proposed signal subspace-based approach for SNR improvement in inchoate faulty signals is based on a modified principal component analysis (PCA), in which the optimal subspace is selected via a cumulative percent of variance (CPV) criterion and the test statistic condition of the true information loss, which has the tendency to alleviate the impact of Gaussian and non-Gaussian noise and provides useful time domain analysis for non-stationary signals such as vibration, in which spectral contents vary with respect to time. Furthermore, the modified PCA algorithm is combined with a low-pass filter (LPF) to achieve an optimum balance between noise reduction efficiency and the conservation of inchoate fault information. The proposed PCA-LPF algorithm is compared with different filters under different noise levels to find the most efficient approach in terms of optimizing the trade-off between noise reduction efficiency and precision of inchoate fault information conservation, with the final goal of improving the fault detection capability. Further, the performance of the proposed PCA-LPF algorithm was demonstrated with an experimental study on vibration-based ball bearing fault detection.     

回转窑烧成系统故障诊断方法研究

针对水泥烧成系统过程变量繁多、变量间静态关系耦合强等特点,采用因子分析方法建立静态过程监控模型。针对系统时序相关问题,结合经典动态主元分析DPCA方法和典型变量分析CVA方法,提出典型变量动态主元分析CVDPCA过程监控方法,有效解决了DPCA方法扩展后的数据矩阵维度大等不足之处。将算法用于水泥烧成系统故障检测,结果表明该算法能准确识别故障和更早检测到微小渐变故障。将CVA和DPCA算法相结合,可以同时监控动态过程和静态关系,且不需要大量的故障数据建立故障模型池,具有一定研究价值。     

Key principal components with recursive local outlier factor for multimode chemical process monitoring

Owing to various manufacturing strategies and demands of markets, chemical processes often involve multiple operating modes. How to identify mode from multimode process data collected under both stable and transitional modes is an important issue. This paper proposes a novel mode identification algorithm-recursive local outlier factor (RLOF) based on the sequential information in the time scale and the density information in the spatial scale. In this algorithm, not only the number of modes does not need to be determined in advance, but also details of mode switching can be acquired. In addition, the principal components (PCs) chosen by the variance of overall dataset in principal component analysis (PCA) cannot guarantee that all variables express information as completely as possible. Using the defined cumulative percent expression (CPE), this study chooses key PCs (KPCs) according to each variable. Moreover, fault diagnosis is realized via the contribution of every variable to key PCs. Finally, the monitoring performance is evaluated under the Tennessee Eastman (TE) benchmark and the continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) process.     

相对主元分析及其在数据压缩和故障诊断中的应用研究

传统主元分析(Principal component analysis, PCA)方法因忽视量纲对系统的影响, 从而使选取的主元难以具有代表性; 而在进行量纲标准化后, 又因得到的特征值常常是近似相等的而无法进行有效的主元提取. 针对这一主要问题, 本文通过引入相对化变换(Relative transform, RT)、相对主元(Relative principal components, RPCs) 和分布"均匀"等概念, 建立起一种相对主元分析(Relative principal component analysis, RPCA)的新方法. 该方法首先对系统各分量进行量纲标准化; 其次再根据系统的先验信息分析和确定各分量的重要程度; 然后在系统能量守恒的准则下, 赋以系统各分量相应的权值; 最后利用已建立起的相对主元模型, 对系统实施RPCA. 同时运用数值例子, 开展了RPCA在数据压缩和系统故障诊断中的应用研究. 理论分析和仿真实验均表明, 采用RPCA方法选取出的主元更具代表性和显著几何意义, 加之选取主元的灵活性, 将使新方法具有更广泛的应用前景.     

一种基于分级输入训练神经网络的非线性主元分析

基于输入训练神经网络的非线性主元分析（PCA）能够有效地提取过程变量的非线性主元,但是存在主元的个数不能通过网络训练确定,且各个主元重要程度在神经网络中无法区分等缺点，本文提出一种分级输入自调整神经网络,并进一步提出基于此网络的非线性PCA,通过多级输入自调整神经网络,将主元按顺序找出,且根据主元对过程数据的预测误差定量地确定出主元的个数,克服了上述缺点.     

A method for multiphase batch process monitoring based on auto phase identification

Batch processes with multiple phases are commonly found in process industries. Process dynamics and correlations among variables also tend to change with the transitions across such phases. Traditional approaches where the model is constructed from data representing the whole batch process would not be sufficient to capture the varying process dynamics and correlation structure. Different ways of phase segmentation and modeling strategies have been previously reported that account for the multi-phase characteristics of such processes. For a given process dynamic or a particular phase in a multi-phase process, a Principal Component Analysis (PCA) model can project the maximum deviation with small number of principal components, and represent a certain percentage of the deviation with fixed number of principal components. As the process dynamics change, the percentage represented by the fixed number of PCs also changes if a single PCA model is applied. In this paper, a new phase identification method is proposed based on the change of the first cumulative contribution between different PCA models. Every phase is modeled separately based on the phase identification. The method is applied to fault detection in the fed-batch penicillin cultivation process. The results show that the method can better capture the process dynamics in different phases and detect process upset in an early stage.     

基于门限动态调整的最优协作检测方法

为提高协作频谱感知的检测效率、减少系统的反馈开销,提出一种基于门限动态调整的最优协作检测方法。在单节点检测错误概率最小的情况下,导出能量检测中门限值与信噪比的关系表达式,利用二分法求得不同信噪比下的动态门限值。根据系统恒虚警率和恒检测率计算最优协作用户数,并与动态门限值相结合得到系统检测错误概率。仿真结果表明,该方法协作检测概率较高,检测错误概率较低。