基于SVM的燃煤电站锅炉飞灰含碳量预测

将支持向量机方法引入燃煤电站锅炉飞灰含碳量预测领域．该预测方法很好地建立了燃煤电站锅炉飞灰含碳量特性与运行参数之间的复杂关系模型,并考虑到运行参数之间的耦合性,具有预测能力强、全局最优及泛化性好等优点．将该方法应用于某300 MW燃煤电站锅炉中,经过训练后的SVM模型对检验样本飞灰含碳量进行预测,均方根误差和平均相对误差分别为1．39%和1．30%,相当于BP网络模型的22．20%和21．07%．应用结果表明,支持向量机方法优于多层BP神经网络法,能很好地满足预测要求．     

燃煤电站多污染物一体化脱除研究进展

燃煤电站排放的SO_2、NO和Hg等污染物对生态环境造成严重破坏,严格控制燃煤电站的污染物排放意义重大。由于目前燃煤电站采用的污染物单独脱除技术存在占地面积大、运行费用高等问题,经济高效的多污染物一体化脱除技术成为污染物控制领域的研究热点。本研究对燃煤电站多污染物一体化脱除技术进行概述,对吸附剂法、气相氧化法、湿法氧化和气固催化氧化法的技术原理、研究现状、技术优缺点及今后的发展方向进行了分析总结。     

燃煤电站有害金属元素、细微颗粒及温室气体排放问题

燃煤电站的污染物排放是环境保护的重要内容,介绍了近年来发达国家对燃煤电站有害金属元素,细微颗粒及温室气体排放问题的认识,机理性研究的结果和控制方法的探讨。     

燃煤电站有害金属元素、细微颗粒及温室气体排放问题

燃煤电站的污染物排放控制是环境保护的重要内容。本文介绍了近年来发达国家对燃煤电站有害金属元素、细微颗粒及温室气体排放问题的认识、机理性研究的结果和控制方法的探讨。     

浅谈燃煤电站CO2控制技术

基于当前燃煤电站CO_2控制的严峻形势,从电站自身优化和炳气脱碳两个方面简要论述了燃煤电站CO_2的控制方法,并对CO_2控制方法的选择给出了一定的评价。     

煤粉锅炉SCR工艺参数优化

SCR是燃煤电站成熟有效的烟气脱硝技术,以某电厂燃煤机组660MW锅炉为研究对象,主要对NO_x的脱除机理及方法进行简要介绍,并结合该660MW锅炉SCR脱硝设备的实际运行数据,探讨影响燃煤电站脱硝效率的相关因素,提出SCR脱硝系统操作运行的着重方向以及优化运行的要领。研究结果可为燃煤电站的优化设计和运行提供理论和技术支撑,对已运行电厂脱硝系统优化改造提供思路。     

燃煤电站有害金属元素、细微颗粒及温室气体排放问题

燃煤电站的污染物排放控制是环境保护的重要内容，本文介绍了近年来发达国家对燃煤电站有害金属元素、细微颗粒及温室气体排放问题的认识、机理性研究的结果和控制方法的探讨。     

电站锅炉烟气脱硫技术的现状及发展

分析了燃煤所产生的SO2的危害,介绍了电站锅炉烟气脱硫技术的现状。预测了我国烟气脱硫技术的发展方向。     

燃煤电站汞排放量的预测模型

燃煤电站排放汞是主要的汞污染源之一。从煤中汞含量分布、锅炉燃煤过程以及燃烧之后的各个过程来预测汞排放量。影响燃煤电站汞排放的主要因素有煤中汞含量,电站锅炉炉型,锅炉运行条件,所采用的烟气清洁装置包括颗粒脱除装置和脱硫装置的类型。利用文献资料中的统计数据归纳得到汞排放修正因子,同时利用其结果简略估算了中国燃煤电站的年汞排放量。1999~2003年中国燃煤电站的大气汞排放量年平均增长率达到了9.59%,向废渣中排放的汞量年平均增长率为8.49%,尤其是从2002年~2003年的涨幅最大,2003年燃煤电站向大气的汞排放量达到了86.8t之多,废渣汞排放量为28.94t。图4表4参19     

基于模糊神经网络的电站燃煤锅炉结渣预测

综合运用模糊数学和神经网络知识构建了一个模糊神经网络模型,用以预测电站燃煤锅炉的结渣特性．通过引入反映煤灰特性的4个常用指标以及反映锅炉运行情况的两个指标,使所建模型综合考虑了煤灰特性和锅炉运行因素对结渣的影响．以实际电厂燃煤锅炉为样本,基于改进的BP(back-propagation)算法对网络模型进行了训练．为验证模型的准确性,对7台电站燃煤锅炉的结渣特性进行预测,并将该模型与只考虑煤灰特性指标的常规 BP网络模型进行比较．验证结果表明,模糊神经网络模型的预测结果与实际相符,效果优于常规BP网络模型．     

煤炭地下气化联合循环发电系统及煤气热值的调配方法

叙述了煤炭地下气化联合循环发电系统（UGCC）的流程,提出了UGCC系统中煤气热值的调配方法。通过对UGCC项目的分析,与传统煤粉锅炉发电（PFPG）及整体煤气化联合循环发电（IGCC）的对比,指出,UGCC与PFPG相比,可降低45%的CO2排放量,而成本仅增加了5%;与IGCC相比,UGCC项目的CO2排放量降低了20%,发电成本降低了34.4%。     

Leveling the playing field of transportation fuels: Accounting for indirect emissions of natural gas

Natural gas transportation fuels are credited in prior studies with greenhouse gas emissions savings relative to petroleum-based fuels and relative to the total emissions of biofuels. These analyses, however, overlook a source of potentially large indirect emissions from natural gas transportation fuels, namely the emissions from incremental coal-fired generation caused by price-induced substitutions away from natural-gas-fired electricity generation. Because coal-fired generation emits substantially more greenhouse gases and criteria air pollutants than natural-gas-fired generation, this indirect coal-use change effect diminishes potential emissions savings from natural gas transportation fuels. Estimates from a parameterized multi-market model suggest the indirect coal-use change effect rivals in magnitude the indirect land-use change effect of biofuels and renders natural gas fuels as carbon intensive as petroleum fuels.     

Carbon charges and natural gas use in China

Substitution of natural gas for coal in China's power sector could significantly reduce emissions of carbon dioxide, but gas-fired power is generally more costly than coal-fired power in China today. This paper explores how carbon charges and carbon sequestration technology might tip the balance in favour of gas. The costs of electricity from new coal-fired and gas-fired power plants in China are compared under various assumptions about fuel costs, exchange rates, carbon dioxide charges, and application of carbon sequestration technology. Under average cost conditions today, gas-fired power is roughly two-thirds more costly than coal-fired power. But with a charge of $20/tonne of carbon dioxide, the costs of gas- and coal-fired power would typically be about equal. Over the longer term, carbon sequestration technology could be economical with a carbon dioxide charge of $22/tonne or more under typical cost conditions, but gas with sequestration would not have a clear cost advantage over coal with sequestration unless the charge exceeded $35/tonne.     

蒸汽稀释均匀性对天然气扩散火焰污染物排放特性的影响

采用数值模拟与实验相结合的方法进行蒸汽稀释均匀性对天然气扩散火焰污染物排放特性影响的研究。建立化学反应网络模型,通过零维模拟研究天然气/蒸汽掺混不均匀度对CO、NO_x生成的影响规律。利用某天然气扩散燃烧器,实验研究蒸汽稀释比和稀释均匀性对天然气扩散火焰结构和污染物生成的影响。结果表明,蒸汽稀释均匀性对火焰结构影响较小,但增强稀释均匀性后反应区OH峰值信号强度减弱,NO_x、CO均呈下降趋势。     

The future of natural gas consumption in Beijing,Guangdong and Shanghai: An assessment utilizing MARKAL

Natural gas could possibly become a si0gnificant portion of the future fuel mix in China. However, there is still great uncertainty surrounding the size of this potential market and therefore its impact on the global gas trade. In order to identify some of the important factors that might drive natural gas consumption in key demand areas in China, we focus on three regions: Beijing, Guangdong, and Shanghai. Using the economic optimization model MARKAL, we initially assume that the drivers are government mandates of emissions standards, reform of the Chinese financial structure, the price and available supply of natural gas, and the rate of penetration of advanced power generating and end-use. The results from the model show that the level of natural gas consumption is most sensitive to policy scenarios, which strictly limit SO₂ emissions from power plants. The model also revealed that the low cost of capital for power plants in China boosts the economic viability of capital-intensive coal-fired plants. This suggests that reform within the financial sector could be a lever for encouraging increased natural gas use.     

Review of technologies for mercury removal from flue gas from cement production processes

Mercury is a pollutant of concern and mercury emissions from cement plants are under environmental regulation. After coal-fired power plants, mercury emissions from cement and mineral production are the second largest anthropogenic sources. Compared to fuels, cement raw materials are the major sources of mercury in the cement kiln flue gas. Cement plants are quite different from power plants and waste incinerators regarding the flue gas composition, temperature, residence time, and material circulation. Cement kiln systems have some inherent ability to retain mercury in the solid materials due to the adsorption of mercury on the solids in the cold zone. However, recirculation of the kiln dust to the kiln will cause release of the captured mercury. The mercury chemistry in cement kiln systems is complicated and knowledge obtained from power plants and incinerators cannot be directly applied in cement kilns.     

Application of cool storage air-conditioning in the commercial sector: an integrated resource planning approach for power capacity expansion planning and emission reduction

An assessment is presented of the evaluation of the application of cool storage air-conditioning (CSA) in the commercial sector as a resource in the electricity generation expansion planning. The resultant impacts of analysis of emission costs on annual emissions from power generation are also discussed. A building energy simulation tool is used for assessment of potential savings and peak load shifting of CSA application in commercial buildings. In this study, an integrated resource planning (IRP) model is used to evaluate the economic effectiveness of the CSA option. The IRP analysis with emission costs results in deferring the installation of four units of 1000-MW coal-fired power plant from 2010 to 2011, and one unit of 1000-MW coal-fired power plant and one 200-MW CSA option are removed from the IRP plan. Results show that the CSA option is a viable resource in the least-cost planning and reducing environmental emissions.     

A utility-eye view of the CO2 compliance-decision process in the European power-sector

The purpose of this paper is to provide a utility eye-view of the European power-sector's CO₂-compliance decision process under a tradable emissions scheme. The cost analysis indicates that, in the medium term, many utilities are likely to consider options based on traditional power technologies such as converting existing coal-fired capacity to burn gas, extending the lives of nuclear capacity, and replacing old coal-fired plants with more efficient gas- or even coal-fired units. The long-term economic potential of future options is highly uncertain, and utilities are likely to respond to this by maintaining flexibility in fuel choices and avoid large investments that lock them into a specific compliance method before more efficient and cleaner technologies have crystallized. Given the multitude of possible CO₂-mitigation options, there is a strong case for emissions trading and for refraining from policies that build on mandatory fuel-requirements, higher rates of capital stock turnover and technology standards.     

Life cycle GHG emission analysis of power generation systems: Japanese case

This study presents the results of a life cycle analysis (LCA) of greenhouse gas emissions from power generation systems in order to understand the characteristics of these systems from the perspective of global warming. Nine different types of power generation systems were examined: coal-fired, oil-fired, LNG-fired, LNG-combined cycle, nuclear, hydropower, geothermal, wind power and solar-photovoltaic (PV). Life cycle greenhouse gas (GHG) emission per kW h of electricity generated was estimated for the systems using a combined method of process analysis and input–output analysis. First, average power generation systems reflecting the current status in Japan were examined as base cases. Second, the impacts of emerging and future nuclear, wind power and PV technologies were analyzed. Finally, uncertainties associated with some assumptions were examined to help clarify interpretation of the results.     

燃煤电厂烟气脱硫脱硝一体化技术发展趋势

火电厂燃煤中排放的硫化物及氮氧化物是造成大气污染的主要成分之一,经济且有效地控制燃煤电厂排放的SO2与NOx对中国这样一个以煤炭为主要资源的国家显得尤为重要。分析了中国现今的脱硫脱硝技术并着重介绍了几种燃煤电厂烟气脱硫脱硝一体化技术,分析它们的特点及存在的问题。指出具有应用前景的脱硫脱硝技术并给出建议。