固液两相流中颗粒受力及其对垂向分选的影响

在不同颗粒浓度条件下，通过考虑颗粒之间的相互作用，对固液两相流中的颗粒受力进行了分析。采用拉格朗日方法对颗粒在一维两相流中垂向运动过程进行了模拟。根据两相流中颗粒分选达到准稳定状态时的分选特征，探讨了作用于颗粒的各种力对颗粒的各种力对颗粒运动和分选结构的影响。推导出颗粒受力与颗粒分选机理之间的关系。     

多组分流元模型在烯性泥石流堆积分选特征研究中的应用

基于结构两相流模型和PIC数值计算方法，本文探讨了稀性泥石流堆积过程中的泥沙分选特征.文中的模型可以模拟阵性泥沙流的非稳定特性，通过将传统的Euler和Lagrangian方法结合泥沙流运动的整个过程都能够采用多组分流元模型进行很好的描述.该模型也能够合理描述泥沙分选过程中伴随的冲淤过程.文中采用2～5°的坡度，固相颗粒被分为三组粒径不同的组分.研究表明，泥石流的垂向和横向分选都不明显，但是纵向分选较为明显.河槽坡度和泥石流的密度是影响泥石流分选过程的两个关键因素.泥沙输移能力越大，颗粒分选越不明显，对泥石流分选特性的定量预测有助于深入了解泥石流的沉积机理和泥石流灾害的防治.     

多组分流元模型在稀性泥石流堆积分选特征研究中的应用

基于结构两相流模型和PIC数值计算方法，本文探讨了稀性泥石流堆积过程中的泥沙分选特征。文中的模型可以模拟阵性泥沙流的非稳定特性，通过将传统的Euler和Lagrangian方法结合泥沙流运动的整个过程都能够采用多组分流元模型进行很好的描述。该模型也能够合理描述泥沙分选过程中伴随的冲淤过程。文中采用2～5°的坡度，固相颗粒被分为三组粒径不同的组分。研究表明，泥石流的垂向和横向分选都不明显，但是纵向分严为明显。河槽坡度和泥石流的密度是影响泥石流分选过程的两个关键因素。泥沙输移能力越大，颗粒分选越不明显，对泥石流分选特性的定量预测有助于深入了解泥石流的沉积机理和泥石流灾害的防治。     

固液两相湍流和颗粒磨损的数值模拟

基于两流体模型，建立了固液两相流中更一般的Ｋ－ε双方程湍流模型，模化了固相和液相的连续方程，动量方程及Ｋ方程和ε方程，在这些模化方程中，考虑了固液两相间的滑移，颗粒间的作用及相间作用，使用本文所建立的流模型和粒磨损模型，可 液两相湍流中的流动特性和颗粒对过流部件的磨损率，本文给出了一水轮机导叶在含沙水流中的过流特性及磨损情况的数值模拟，预测结果与实验结果比较一致。     

三维志k-ε-Ap模型在固液两相流时均运动特性研究中的应用

固液两相流运动特性是水动力学中的一个研究热点。本文建立的三维k-ε-Ap两相湍流模型首先研究了模型中颗粒相的两个控制参数对数值结果的影响，然后讨论了不同的颗粒平均粒径、水流流速与颗粒材料密度等三种情况下固液两相流的时均运动特性。数值计算结果和试验实测结果吻合良好。     

水平方管内固液两相流运动特性数值模拟

将周力行建立的k-ε-kp两相湍流模型引入固液两相流的研究中，对水平方管内挟沙 水流固液两相的时均特性、脉动特性以及颗粒密度分布进行了数值模拟。将计算结果与k-ε-Ap模型、动理论计算结果以及物理模型试验观测结果进行了比较，发现k-ε-k p模型数值计算和物理模型试验观测结果的一致性较好；和kεAp模型相比，由于考虑了颗粒相的湍动特性在固液两相流中的作用，k-ε-k-p两相湍流模型可以得到颗粒的脉动速度分布；和动理论相比，k-ε-kp模型无法准确地预测固相的垂向脉动速度，需要引入各向异性的两相流模型。     

水涡轮机械中的湍流固—液两相流动及磨损研究

导出了固体颗粒在任意流场中运动的Ｌａｇｒａｎｇｉａｎ方程对此方程进行线性化，并求出了其颗粒运动方程的解析通解。使用颗粒运动方程数值求解和分析稀疏颗粒湍流场中固体颗粒的运动。建立了湍流固－液两相液的Ｋ－ε双方湍流模型，体积分数流模型，Ｅｕｎｌｅｒｉａｎ－Ｌａｇｒａｎｇｉａｎ混合湍流模型以及颗粒磨损模型，利用这些模型对一些水涡轮机械过流通道内的流动及固壁磨损进行了模拟，其预测结果与实验结果较为一致。     

三维k-ε-Ap模型在固液两相流时均运动特性研究中的应用

固液两相流运动特性是水动力学中的一个研究热点。本文建立的三维k--εAp两相湍流模型首先研究了模型中颗粒相的两个控制参数对数值结果的影响,然后讨论了不同的颗粒平均粒径、水流流速与颗粒材料密度等三种情况下固液两相流的时均运动特性。数值计算结果和试验实测结果吻合良好。     

固液两相流中固体颗粒的垂直分选机理

在结构两相流的总体框架内，基于对单个固相颗粒受力的分析和对多颗粒条件下颗粒之间的相互作用，本文对液体流动特性进行了简化，采用固体颗粒在水流中运动的垂线分选模型，对各种颗粒浓度条件下的垂直分选特征进行了讨论。结果表明：随着颗粒浓度的增加，颗粒的分选过程加快，颗粒向上聚集的倾向加强，分选的结果会形成明显地在垂直方向上显示出反粒序分布。当颗粒体积浓度超过0．3以后，粗颗粒较细颗粒具有更大的向上聚集的倾向；当颗粒浓度接近极限浓度时，会出现颗粒分选速度的反常变化，说明分选模型在这种情况下失效。文中还通过常见的三种液相速度分布，分析了不同速度分布剖面对分选结果可能产生的影响。     

多相流中双球泡的动力学方程

建立了稀疏固－液两相流中双球泡泡壁运动的动力学方程，通过数值计算分析了球泡间以及固体颗粒与球泡间的相互作用，并考虑了可压缩性对双球泡溃灭的影响，以及液体与固体颗粒间阻力耦合作用的影响。     

高浓度固液混合流的湍流模型

建立了高浓度固液混合流的湍流模型，分析了混合流的应力（包括颗粒碰撞应力、粘性应力、湍流应力及Ｃｏｕｌｏｍｂｉｃ摩擦应力）。根据高浓度混合流中颗粒的受力，得出了颗粒运动的力平衡方程。由于引入颗粒碰撞应力和Ｃｏｕｌｏｍｂｉｃ摩擦应力，本模型较其它模型更适合具有高浓度和大颗粒的流场。利用本模型模拟的高浓度含沙水流在水平管道中的流动特性，其数值结果与前人所做的实验结果较一致。     

Tracking methods for free surface and simulation of a liquid droplet impacting on a solid surface based on SPH

With some popular tracking methods for free surface, simulations of several typical examples are carried out under various flow field conditions.The results show that the Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) method is very suitable in simulating the flow problems with a free surface.A viscous liquid droplet with an initial velocity impacting on a solid surface is simulated based on the SPH method, and the surface tension is considered by searching the free surface particles, the initial impact effect is co...     

Simulation of harmful algal blooms using a deterministic Lagrangian particle separation-based method

Algal blooms (red tide) are often observed in Hong Kong's coastal waters. These algal blooms can cause discoloration of the marine water, and may result in severe dissolved oxygen depletion and fish kills; most harmful algal blooms (HAB) are caused by diatoms and dinoflagellates. Diatoms are non-motile algae relying on water turbulence for suspension and nutrient supply. Dinoflagellates, on the other hand, can undergo diel vertical migration. At night, the algal cells swim down the water column to uptake nutrient and store it as internal nutrient reserve (cell quota). During daytime, they ascend to the water surface to carry out photosynthesis using the nutrient reserve. Diel vertical migration is an important adaptive strategy of dinoflagellates to form blooms in stratified waters.In this paper, the vertical migration behaviour of dinoflagellates is modelled using a simple deterministic Lagrangian model based on a NEighbourhood Separation Technique (NEST). The method is based on relative diffusion concepts, and simulates the diffusion process via an equivalent macroscopic motion; it uses far less number of particles than that required in random walk methods. The Lagrangian cell quota based algal dynamics is incorporated in a one-dimensional model to predict the vertical structure of water quality. Dinoflagellates are represented by a number of particles, with algal growth dependent on its nutrient reserve and the available light intensity. Swimming behaviour is simulated by the corresponding advective translocation of the particle. The model is applied to study species competition, resulting in a simple bloom prediction criterion based on nutrient availability and vertical diffusivity. In addition, the changes in water quality during an observed dinoflagellate bloom in Hong Kong coastal waters are well supported by field data; the role of stratification and diel vertical migration on the bloom formation and the signature of dissolved oxygen are discussed.     

NUMERICAL PREDICTION OF SILT ABRASIVE EROSION IN HYDRAULIC TURBINE

1.INTRODUCTIONTherearemanyhydraulicturbinesoperatedinsiltladenriversintheworld.Thepresenceofsolidparticlesintheflowoftencauseabrasivedegradationofcertainpartsofthehydraulicturbinewhichareespeciallyexposedtotheflow.Theerosivewearduetohydroabrasiondependsprimarilyonthesurfacematerialandonthematerialoftheabrasiveparticlesinwater.Thefluiddynamicsoftheparticlemotionalsoplayaveryimportantroleinthistribologicalsystem.Therelativevelocityofparticlesandthefrequencyofimpactarekeyfactorsindetermining…     

A hybrid DEM/CFD approach for solid-liquid flows简

A hybrid scheme coupling the discrete element method(DEM)with the computational fluid dynamics(CFD)is developed to model solid-liquid flows.Instead of solving the pressure Poisson equation,we use the compressible volume-averaged continuity and momentum equations with an isothermal stiff equation of state for the liquid phase in our CFD scheme.The motion of the solid phase is obtained by using the DEM,in which the particle-particle and particle-wall interactions are modelled by using the theoretical contact mechanics.The two phases are coupled through the Newton’s third law of motion.To verify the proposed method,the sedimentation of a single spherical particle is simulated in water,and the results are compared with experimental results reported in the literature.In addition,the drafting,kissing,and tumbling(DKT)phenomenon between two particles in a liquid is modelled and reasonable results are obtained.Finally,the numerical simulation of the density-driven segregation of a binary particulate suspension involving 10 000 particles in a closed container is conducted to show that the presented method is potentially powerful to simulate real particulate flows with large number of moving particles.     

剪切紊流中颗粒运动的数学模型和实验研究

本文利用Lagrangian方法建立了剪切紊流中颗粒运动的脉动频谱随机轨迹模型，其中流体脉动速度采用Fourier级数和湍流脉动能谱来确定。数值计算结果与实验结果的对比分析表明，该模型能够很好地描述颗粒在剪切流中的运动。     

LARGE EDDY SIMULATION OF PARTICLE TRANSPORT IN FULLY DEVELOPED VERTICAL TURBULENT CHANNEL FLOW

Fully developed vertical turbulent channel flow with particle transport was investigated by use of Large Eddy Simulation (LES) approach coupled with dynamic the SubGrid Scale (SGS) model. It was assumed that the motion of each particle is followed in a Lagrangian frame of reference driven by the forces exerted by fluid motion and gravity under the condition of one-way coupling. The goal of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of the I.ES technique for predicting particle transport in turbulent flow and the behavior of particle-laden turbulent channel flow for three kinds of particles at different Stokes numbers. To depict the behavior of particle-laden turbulent channel flow, statistical quantities including particle fluctuation and fluid-particle velocity correlation, and visualization of the particle number density field were analyzed.     

THE DYNAMIC EQUATION FOR A SPHERICAL BUBBLE IN UNIFORM SIZED SOLID PARTICLE-LIQUID HOMOGENEOUS SUSPENSION

The momentum equation for solid-liquid two-phase flow proposed by Elghobashi and Abou-Arab is taken as the governing equations for the liquid phase,and the Lagrangian dynamic equation for a spherical particle moving in the liquid flow as the basic equation for the relative motion of the particle in the liquid phase in the paper.The dynamics equation for a bubble in solid-liquid twophase flow is proposed,as well as the simplified equations under two extreme conditions with the relationship between the bubble collapse characteristic time τ_C~* and particle response time τ_(rel)~* being τ_C~*>> τ_(rel)~* and τ_C~* <<τ_(rel)~*.