多级活性污泥法处理糠醛生产废水

采用多级活性污泥法工艺处理糠醛生产废水,该工艺运行稳定。运行结果表明,在进水CODCr的质量浓度为12 000～14 000 mg/L,BOD5的质量浓度为5 600 mg/L,pH值在3～4的条件下,处理出水CODCr的质量浓度达到56 mg/L,BOD5的质量浓度达到15 mg/L,去除率均超过99%,出水水质达到GB 8978—1996《污水综合排放标准》的一级排放标准。     

癸二酸生产含酚废水综合治理工程实例

针对癸二酸生产含酚废水pH值低、盐分高、酚和CODCr浓度高的特点,采用络合萃取-蒸发-A/O工艺处理,介绍了该专利工艺的流程设计,给出了主要构筑物设计参数及投资运行成本。工程运行结果表明,在进水pH值为3,硫酸钠盐的质量分数为7.8%,CODCr、酚、SS的质量浓度分别为13 980、4 120、110 mg/L时,出水pH值为8,硫酸钠盐的质量分数为0.3%,CODCr、酚、SS的质量浓度分别为32、0.23、12 mg/L,出水水质符合GB 8978—1996《污水综合排放标准》中一级排放标准要求。运行实践表明该工艺技术成熟、处理效果稳定,同时可回收废水中的酚类物质和硫酸钠盐。     

水解酸化-SBR-接触氧化工艺处理抗生素废水

本文介绍了某制药厂抗生素废水处理工程情况。采用水解酸化-SBR-接触氧化工艺处理高浓度抗生素废水,长期的运行结果表明,在进水CODCr≤3500 mg/L条件下,出水CODCr≤200 mg/L,处理水质达到《污水综合排放标准》(GB8978-1996)生物制药行业二类标准,且工艺处理效果稳定,整个工程取得很好的环保、社会和经济效益。     

O1/A/O2工艺处理高浓度焦化废水

焦化废水水质复杂,处理难点在于去除水中高浓度的CODCr、NH3-N和氰化物等。首钢某焦化厂废水处理工程采用以O1/A/O2工艺(预曝气/缺氧/好氧)为核心、前置除油预处理、后置混凝沉淀深度处理工艺,取得了较好的处理效果。运行结果表明:O1/A/O2工艺对CODCr和NH3-N的去除率分别可达95%和89%以上;混凝沉淀采用聚合硫酸铁絮凝剂和PAM助凝剂,加药量分别为600~800 mg/L和1~2 mg/L时,CODCr去除率在50%左右,脱色效果好。经过预处理、生化处理及深度处理后,出水主要污染物指标达到了《污水综合排放标准》的二级排放标准要求。     

EGSB-生物接触氧化处理可乐生产废水

采用EGSB-生物接触氧化法处理可乐生产废水,工程运行结果表明,EGSB工艺对CODCr的平均去除率达到87.64%,生物接触氧化工艺对CODCr的平均去除率达到83.69%,系统出水水质达到GB 8978—1996《污水综合排放标准》中一级排放标准。对可乐生产废水处理的工艺进行了比选,介绍了主要处理构筑的设计参数和工程运行效果。     

乳制品废水处理设施改造工程实例

针对乳制品废水特点,采用"水解-接触氧化"工艺进行处理。结果表明,该工艺流程简洁、操作简单、运行稳定,在进水CODCr=500~2000 mg/L时,出水CODCr≤300 mg/L,稳定达标排放,系统CODCr去除率达85%左右,出水水质优于国家《污水综合排放标准》(GB8978-1996)的三级排放标准。     

UBF反应器在抗生素废水处理工程中的应用

采用水解酸化-UBF-CASS工艺处理高浓度抗生素废水。重点介绍了UBF反应器的结构、颗粒污泥的培养、以及日常运行控制。工程运行表明在进水ρ(CODCr)为7381mg/L条件下,出水ρ(CODCr)为268mg/L,处理水质达到了《污水综合排放标准》(GB8978-1996)生物制药行业二类,处理成本为1.3元/m3。     

臭氧组合工艺深度处理混合印染废水技术经济比较

针对某纺织印染工业园污水处理厂二级生物处理出水(ρ(CODCr)=100~150 mg/L),比较研究了臭氧氧化与活性炭曝气生物滤池、絮凝沉淀、粉末活性炭吸附的组合工艺对CODCr的去除效果,探讨了臭氧组合工艺用于该污水处理厂提标改造达到GB 18918—2012《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》一级B排放标准的可行性。结果表明:在臭氧投加量为40 mg/L,臭氧氧化时间为1 h的条件下,臭氧-活性炭曝气生物滤池组合工艺出水CODCr的质量浓度为61 mg/L;臭氧-粉末活性炭吸附组合工艺出水CODCr的质量浓度为57 mg/L。2种组合工艺的出水CODCr质量浓度基本达到GB 18918—2002一级B标准的排放要求,但两者在工程投资、运行成本方面表现出较大的差异。臭氧-絮凝沉淀组合工艺仅降低CODCr的质量浓度10~15 mg/L,不满足要求。     

絮凝气浮+水解酸化+CASS工艺处理柑橘加工废水

介绍了絮凝气浮+水解酸化+CASS工艺处理柑橘加工废水的工程实例。运行结果表明,工艺处理效果稳定,出水CODCr、BOD5、SS平均浓度分别为81.9 mg/L、15.6 mg/L、58.7 mg/L,出水水质达到《污水综合排放标准》(GB8978-l996)一级标准。     

升流式厌氧污泥床(UASB)与间歇式活性污泥法(SBR)联合工艺在饮料生产废水处理工程中的应用

针对饮料生产废水的来源及其特点,采用升流式厌氧污泥床(UASB)与间歇式活性污泥法(SBR)联合工艺处理陕西某饮料公司的饮料生产废水。进水水质中CODCr为2 000 mg/L、BOD5为1 350 mg/L、SS为215 mg/L、pH为5~12;出水水质要求达到CODCr≤80 mg/L、BOD5≤20 mg/L、NH3-N≤12 mg/L、pH为6～9,即渭河水系(陕西段)污水综合排放标准BD 61/224—2006中的一级标准。该文通过介绍处理工艺流程、工艺设计参数,反应器的启动运行及工艺运行结果,提出了影响反应器启动及运行的一些影响因素及相应的控制措施。工程实践证明,UASB与SBR联合工艺在处理饮料生产废水时具有处理效果好、低能耗、易管理等特点。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。