纹理图像中重复纹理元素提取方法

提出了一种交互式纹理图像中纹理元素提取算法,该算法能够在用户提供少量交互的情况下较好地实现纹理图像中重复纹理元素的同时提取。首先采用均值漂移聚类算法将纹理图像分割成独立且连通的子块区域,并构建图像子块区域之间的连通关系;然后结合颜色特征与纹理特征定义一个鲁棒的相似性度量公式,从而准确地捕获具有外观相似特征的纹理元素;在此基础上,通过进一步改进优化的图割模型,最终实现高质量的纹理元素提取。该算法针对前/背景颜色相近的纹理图像中纹理元素的提取有较大改善,并且大大提高了现有图像分割算法的时间效率。     

结合CS-LBP纹理特征的快速图割算法

图割算法是目前最有效的交互式图像分割方法之一。针对当前景和背景颜色相似时容易发生分割错误并产生shrinking bias现象,以及基于像素的计算导致交互效率不高的问题,提出一种结合纹理特征的改进算法。该算法首先利用Mean Shift算法对图像进行预分割,构建区域邻接图,然后用累计直方图、CS-LBP纹理描述子对每个区域进行颜色和纹理特征的提取,通过在能量函数中引入纹理约束项以及局部自适应的正则化参数,有效改善了分割效果和shrinking bias现象。实验结果表明,本算法交互效率得到了提高,分割结果更加精确。     

结合近邻传播聚类的自适应图像分割

提出一种统一的图像自动分割模型。为了将图像分为颜色、纹理相近的不同的区域,提出了一个处理方法,具体分为两个步骤:首先,用改进的简单线性迭代聚类算法对输入图像进行预处理,即过分割;然后,用其低阶颜色矩表示这些区域的特征,并进一步利用近邻传播聚类算法将这些区域进行合并。在公开的数据集上进行了详细的实验,结果证明了所提算法的有效性和健壮性。     

基于小波变换的GrabCut图像分割

研究 GrabCut 是以迭代能量优化算法为基础,以颜色和纹理为特征,从背景图像中提取出目标的图像分割算法。但该方法速度较慢,为了达到实时应用的目的,提出了一种基于小波变换的 GrabCut 图像分割方法。该方法首先对原始图像进行小波变换的图像压缩,使得原始图像的分辨率降低,然后在压缩后的图像上迭代GrabCut算法,最后将收敛获得的目标区域作为原始图像初始值,再次使用GrabCut算法在原始图像上进行迭代,从而提取出目标。实验结果证明该算法提高了图像目标的提取速度,并保持图像目标的特征基本不变。     

融合颜色与纹理的复杂场景下的服装图像分割算法

针对复杂场景下拍摄到的服装图像的分割问题,提出一种基于先验知识的融合颜色和纹理特征的无监督分割算法。首先利用块截断编码思想将传统的三维颜色空间截断成为六维空间,得到更为精细的颜色特征,并结合改进的局部二值模式纹理特征实现对图像的特征描述;然后根据目标区域和背景区域在图像中出现的统计规律,提出了一种基于先验知识的两分法来对图像进行分割。由于对图像做了分块处理,因此在子图像块的基础上进行的图像分割将更加高效。实验表明,设计的算法能快速有效地将目标区域从各类不同的复杂场景中分割出来,且整个过程无须人工设定任何参数,对后续的图像理解和图像检索具有重要意义。     

基于小波变换与图割的彩色图像分割方法

为提高图割算法的分割效率与质量并改善shrinking bias现象,提出将图割理论与小波变换相结合的方法.该方法利用小波变换多分辨率分析的特点,将变换中的低频子带图像作为估计GMM参数的训练样本进行多尺度迭代分割,提高算法效率,利用简单高效的CS_LBP纹理描述子提取高频子带图像中的纹理信息,将颜色与纹理特征相结合改善分割效果,并利用高频系数进行多尺度边缘检测,用于计算局部自适应的正则化参数,改善对细长边界的分割.实验结果表明,分割效果得到了改善,算法效率得到了提高.     

综合颜色和纹理特征的图像检索

提出一种综合颜色和纹理特征的图像检索算法.使用圆环法分割图像所提取的颜色特征,不仅包含了图像的空间信息,突出了用户的感兴趣区域,而且消除了固定分块法对图像旋转比较敏感的缺点.采用改进的共生矩阵算法提取纹理特征.最后对颜色和纹理特征进行综合.实验结果表明,提出的综合算法具有更高的查准率.     

结合颜色与纹理的JPEG图像快速分割

图割方法是图像分割中的有效方法,为改善JPEG图像的分割效果,提高分割效率,提出将图割理论与JPEG图像的DCT系数相结合的方法.该方法以基于图割理论的GrabCut算法为基础,采用其交互简单的特点,为克服GrabCut算法基于全部像素迭代估计参数而导致算法效率低下,对高分辨率JPEG图像分割实时性差的不足,利用JPEG图像中的DC系数生成DC图像(低频图像)作为迭代估计GMM参数的样本点,缩小问题处理的规模,提高分割效率,提取水平、垂直、对角方向的AC系数作为纹理特征,颜色与纹理相结合,改善分割效果.实验结果表明,分割效果得到了改善,算法效率得到了显著提高.     

结合伪彩色与上下文感知的肺癌PET图像分割算法

由于肺癌PET成像质量较低且待分割区域边界没有明显的灰度差,使得基于颜色特征的图像分割算法不能做到有效分割。本文提出了结合伪彩色与上下文感知的肺癌PET图像分割算法。首先,将原始的肺癌PET图像根据彩色查找表生成对应的伪彩图;然后,使用改进的上下文感知模型获得伪彩图对应的显著图,并采用大津法对显著图进行二值化处理,初始化显著图的分割区域;最后,使用改进的GrabCut算法迭代分割图像。算法应用于肺癌的PET图像分割。实验结果表明,本文算法有效提升肺癌PET图像的分割效率、提升分割精度,取消GrabCut算法、Snake算法的用户操作,实现图像分割自动化,具有较高的可靠性、执行效率、以及实际应用价值。     

融合区域颜色和纹理两级特征的快速人体皮肤检测

人体皮肤检测在人脸检测、成人图像过滤、人体图像检索等应用中占有重要地位.利用支持向量机,对人体皮肤的颜色和纹理特征的分布进行了研究,并提出了一个基于区域颜色和纹理特征规则的两级模型.在人体皮肤检测算法中,首先利用分水岭分割算法将图像分割成颜色和纹理近似一致的区域,然后利用皮肤颜色模型提取候选皮肤区域,最后利用纹理规则模型对候选皮肤区域进行最终判决.实验结果表明,该算法简便、快速、有效.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。