A novel chromatic dispersion monitoring method for 1 024 QAM fiber-optic system based on asynchronous amplitude sampling

A new chromatic dispersion (CD) monitoring method is proposed, and the CD monitoring is achieved on the whole range of 0—600 ps/nm. A dual-polarization (DP)-1 024 quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) 400 Gbit/s CD monitoring system is built using OptiSystem14.0 software. With different optical signal to noise ratio (OSNR) values, different filter bandwidths or different duty cycles, the simulations are carried out. The simulation results show that this new CD monitoring method can be less affected by noise and has a high tolerance for different filter bandwidths. At the same time, this method can do effective CD monitoring on the signal with duty cycle greater than 80%. A high sensitivity in 0—200 ps/nm can be achieved using this CD monitoring method. The technique supports a wide range of data traffic and enhances operation flexibility of optical networks. This work has been supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.61274121 and 61574080). E-mail:zhub@njupt.edu.cn      

基于异步幅度抽样的高速光信号色散监测方法

针对目前异步幅度统计直方图（AAH）对色散监测范围小、灵敏度低的缺点,提出一种基于异步幅度抽样（AAS）的色散监测方法,定义无量纲色散监测参数G,将色散与其他损伤因子分离开。使用 OptiSystem9.0 软件搭建了200Gbps DP-16QAM 监测系统,在不同信噪比和占空比下进行色散监测仿真实验,探讨了信噪比和占空比对该方法的监测精度的影响,并对色散监测误差进行了分析。仿真结果表明基于该参数的色散监测方法受噪声因子影响小、精确度高,能实现在0~600 ps/nm 全范围内对色散的有效监测,为在更高阶调制信号的光纤通信系统中进行色散监测管理提供一定的参考。     

Optical Performance Monitoring of Phase-Modulated Signals Using Asynchronous Amplitude Histogram Analysis

As optical networks continue to grow towards high capacity and high flexibility, new transmission technologies are being introduced. In order to maintain the quality of signal and control over network in the transparent domains, optical performance monitoring (OPM) systems are becoming a necessity. Phase modulation formats emerge as the solution of choice in transparent domains because of their sensitivity, spectral efficiency, and resilience to optical impairments. In this paper, we demonstrate a flexible OPM method for phase-modulated signals using asynchronous amplitude histogram analysis. We show numerically and experimentally the monitoring of optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR), chromatic dispersion (CD), and polarization-mode dispersion (PMD) for differential phase-shift keying (DPSK) and differential quadrature phase-shift keying (DQPSK) signals. The OSNR can be measured within range of 20-35 dB and accumulated chromatic dispersion between 600 and 600 ps/nm. The asynchronous amplitude histogram monitoring method is proved to be a precise and versatile monitoring tool for high-capacity optical networks.     

Residual Chromatic-Dispersion Monitoring and Dynamic Compensation in 40-Gb/s Systems

A dynamic chromatic-dispersion-compensation system is implemented with a residual chromatic-dispersion monitoring module based on self-frequency shift effects in a semiconductor optical amplifier. Experimental results show that the compensation range of the system is 100 ps/nm and the residual chromatic dispersion of the transmission link is less than 5 ps/nm.     

A novel chromatic dispersion monitoring method for 400 Gbit/s 256 QAM fiber-optic system based on asynchronous amplitude sampling

A novel chromatic dispersion (CD) monitoring technique based on asynchronous amplitude sampling (AAS) is proposed for a higher modulation format and higher rate system. The dispersion and other impairment factors can be separated with the definition of monitoring parameter M. A 400 Gbit/s 256 quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) system is built using Optisystem13.0 beta software. Simulations of CD monitoring technique for different bandwidths of sampling Gaussian filter, optical signal to noise ratios (OSNRs) and duty cycles are investigated, and the tolerance is also discussed. Simulation results show that the method can be less affected by noise, and a higher accuracy of 600 ps/(nm.km) can be achieved. The technique supports a wide range of data traffic and enhances operation flexibility of optical networks.     

All-Optical Chromatic Dispersion Monitoring for Phase-Modulated Signals Utilizing Cross-Phase Modulation in a Highly Nonlinear Fiber

We propose and experimentally demonstrate an all-optical chromatic dispersion (CD) monitoring technique for phase-modulated signals utilizing the cross-phase-modulation effect between the input signal and the inserted continuous-wave probe. The probe's optical spectrum changes with the accumulated CD on the input signal, indicating that the optical power variations can be measured for monitoring. The experimental results show that this technique can monitor up to 120 ps/nm of CD for a 40-Gb/s return-to-zero differential phase-shift keying (RZ-DPSK) transmission system, with the maximum measured optical power increment of 16.5 dB. The applicability of this monitoring technique to higher bit-rate phase-modulated signals, such as 80-Gb/s RZ differential quadrature phase-shift keying and 80-Gb/s polarization-multiplexed RZ-DPSK, is also investigated via simulation.      

Statistical Analysis of Optical Signal-to-Noise Ratio Monitoring Using Delay-Tap Sampling

We derive analytical expressions for the optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) monitoring using delay-tap sampling for intensity-modulated direct-detection (IM/DD) systems. We demonstrate through our theoretical analysis and experimental results that modeling of noise correlation due to low-pass filtering between delay-tap samples enables accurate monitoring of OSNR, without recalibration for each system setup. Effects of chromatic dispersion (CD) and polarization-mode dispersion on the proposed technique are investigated through numerical simulations. The monitoring error remains within $pm$ 1 dB for CD up to 400 ps/nm and differential group delay up to 45 ps.      

Variable group-delay dispersion equaliser based on a lattice-formprogrammable optical filter

The authors report the first realisation of an integrated-optic variable group-delay dispersion equaliser using a lattice-form programmable optical filter. The equaliser consists of seven tunable couplers and six asymmetrical Mach-Zehnder interferometers cascaded alternately in series. The dispersion can be varied step by step from -923 ps/nm to +653 ps/nm     

基于微结构光纤的10 GHz超过1100信道的平坦超连续谱光源

报道了一种基于微结构光纤的宽带、平坦超连续谱(SC)光源。利用锁模半导体激光器产生的1.6ps,重复率为10GHz的光脉冲,通过一段80m的色散平坦高非线性微结构光纤(HNL-MF),在1.55μm波长区域产生了谱宽超过100nm的平坦超连续谱。实验中采用的微结构光纤的非线性系数约为11W-1·km-1。光纤具有小的正常色散和平坦的色散特性,在1550nm波长处,光纤的色散值约为-0.58ps·nm-1·km-1,而在1500～1650nm波长范围内,光纤的色散值变化小于1.5ps·nm-1·km-1。实验中获得的宽带、平坦超连续谱在1503～1593nm宽达90nm的波长范围内,具有±2.5dB的平坦度。该宽带、平坦超连续谱能同时提供波长间隔为10GHz,超过1100路的多波长载波信道。通过对光谱滤波,获得了速率为10Gbit/s的多波长脉冲序列。这样的超连续谱光源在波分复用(WDM)光通信系统、光波长变换等方面都有重要的应用。     

Large PMD Compensated by Four Free Degrees in OTDM System

By introducing a two-stage polarization mode dispersion (PMD) compensator after a optical fiber link with a large PMD,over 270 ps first-order and 2 000 ps2 high-order PMD was compensated. The results show that the two-stage compensator can be used to PMD compensation in the 20 Gb/s optical time division multiplexing system with 60 km high PMD fiber. After compensating, the 270 ps DGD is changed into max. 7 ps. Moreover,the tunable FBG has a function of dispersion compensation.     

2500 km-10 Gbps RZ transmission system based on dispersion compensation CFBGs without electric regenerator

The characteristics of chirped fiber Bragg gratings (CFBGs) are optimized so that the ripple coefficient of the power reflectivity spectrum and group time delay are less than 1 dB and |± 15| ps, group delay is about 2600 ps/nm, polarization module dispersion is very small, PMD<2 ps, -3 dB bandwidth is about 0.35 nm, and insertion loss is about 4-5 dBm. Using dispersion compensation CFBG, a 2500 km-10 Gbps RZ optical signal transmission system on G.652 fiber was successfully demonstrated without an electric regenerator by optimizing dispersion management and loss management. The RZ optical signal was generated through a two-stage modulation method. At 2081 km, the power penalty of transmission is about 3 dB (conditions: RZ signal, BER = 10-12, PRBS = 1023 - 1); At 2560 km, the power penalty is about 5 dB. It is superior to the system using NRZ under the same conditions.     

Enhanced Optical Generation of 42.7 Gbps Phase Shaped Binary Transmission

A novel method for optical phase shaped binary transmission (PSBT) generation has been recently reported and experimentally evaluated. An amelioration of the optical signal‐to‐noise ratio (OSNR) sensitivity of the optical PSBT modulation format is proposed with the application of the concepts of enhanced electrical PSBT signal generation. Enhanced optical PSBT is proposed here as a modulation format producing a 0.7 dB gain in OSNR sensitivity compared to OPSBT, while maintaining a good robustness to group velocity dispersion: 100 ps/nm for enhanced optical PSBT and 120 ps/nm for optical PSBT, compared to 50 ps/nm for standard NRZ signals.     

1.6 Tbit/s (40/spl times/40 Gbit/s) DPSK transmission over 3/spl times/100 km of TeraLight fibre with direct detection

By transmitting 40 channels over 300 km of TeraLight fibre, it is shown that optical differential phase shift keying can be used in 100 GHz-spaced 40 Gbit/s systems, with direct detection and a simple receiving filter. Chromatic dispersion tolerance around 300 ps/nm is also measured, compared to 70 ps/nm for NRZ.     

Tunable Optical Dispersion Compensator Consisting of Simple Optics With Arrayed Waveguide Grating and Flat Mirror

We propose a tunable optical dispersion compensator (TODC) that uses an arrayed waveguide grating (AWG) and a flat mirror. The TODC employs simple and cost-effective optics, and its chromatic dispersion can be changed simply by translating the AWG. We obtained a 3-dB bandwidth of 39 GHz when the dispersion was tuned within 800 ps/nm, and a maximum dispersion of ${pm}$3000 ps/nm.      

Improved all optical chromatic dispersion monitoring method for WDM systems

In this paper we propose an improved all optical chromatic dispersion (CD) monitoring method applicable to wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) systems with intensity or phase modulation format. This method can operate over a much larger bandwidth and CD monitoring range and is insensitive to optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) and polarization mode dispersion (PMD). These improvements are achieved by utilizing a wavelength tunable laser as the probe to maintain the appropriate phase-matching condition and a loop-back controlled tunable CD compensator to discriminate CD distortions from PMD and OSNR influences. Numerical simulations show that by this method the operational bandwidth and CD monitoring range can be expanded to cover C + L bands and ±1600 ps/nm, respectively, for different modulation formats and the sensitivity is higher than the other methods proposed before.     

基于悬臂梁啁啾调谐的光纤光栅滤波器

提出并发展了一种基于悬臂梁结构的啁啾光纤Bragg光栅(CFBG)啁啾调谐方案,获得了一系列性能优异的可调谐CFBG滤波器,包括调谐范围达到36 nm(1.8～37.8 nm)的带宽可变反射滤波器、色散在178～2 100ps/nm范围内可调的色散补偿器、基于取样CFBG或重叠写入CFBG的信道间隔可调谐滤波器等。这些FBG滤波器不但能维持较高的反射率,还能保持中心波长基本不变。     

啁啾管理调制格式在高速接入网中传输分析

物联网、虚拟现实及人工智能等技术的发展加大了对光纤接入无源光网络带宽的需求,其中调制器成为制约无源光网络带宽的关键因素。结合了直接调制激光器和外调制器各自优势的啁啾管理激光器以产生结构简单、便于集成等特点受到了广泛关注。采用耦合速率方程理论研究了啁啾管理激光器的动力学特性,分析了40 Gbit/s啁啾管理调制格式的产生原理及时频域特性,并在高速无色散补偿接入网中与由外调制器产生的40 Gbit/s非归零调制格式进行了性能对比。结果表明,带宽为48.5 GHz的40 Gbit/s啁啾管理调制格式在1 dB灵敏度代价下所对应的色散容限为215 ps/nm,与非归零调制格式相比其无色散补偿传输距离增加了1.6倍,表现出了强的抗色散能力,在高速接入网中也体现了较高的应用价值。相关结果可为实际系统设计提供理论参考。     

1 015~1 046 nm可调谐飞秒掺镱光纤激光器

近年来,超快掺镱锁模光纤激光器由于其转换效率高、操作方便、免维护、尺寸紧凑等优点,被广泛应用于工业加工、医疗外科、多光子成像等领域。在激光器中补偿群速度色散是获得皮秒甚至飞秒脉冲的有效方法。通过利用光栅对与光谱滤波器,实现了对激光波长、腔内色散和光谱宽度的灵活调节。该激光器能输出稳定的锁模脉冲,对应的基本重复频率为19.41 MHz。在+ 0.0127 ps2色散时中心波长1015~1037 nm可调;在+0.007 ps2色散时中心波长1015~1045 nm可调以及在?0.0127 ps2色散时中心波长1020~1046 nm可调。同时,当净腔色散从反常色散到近零色散变化时,光谱带宽可从1.40 nm调到19.38 nm,对应的压缩后脉冲宽度可从1.03 ps调至175.9 fs。该方案具备连续调整激光器状态的能力,有望用于高功率大能量飞秒激光前端,可以满足对激光器有多种谱宽及波长的应用需求。     

Design tolerances for dispersion flattened SiO2-cladded single mode fibres

It is shown that the dispersion sensitivity to core diameter and to refractive index of the core of ideal broadband-dispersion-compensated single mode fibres can be accurately extracted from optical properties of the cladding material. In SiO2-cladded dispersion flattened fibres, typical sensitivity coefficients are 1.25 ps/km nm and 0.4?0.8 ps/kmnm per percent change in core diameter and core index, respectively.     

Compensation for chromatic dispersion and nonlinear effect in highdispersive coherent optical repeater transmission system

A design for a chromatic dispersion equalizer that provides 4.4 times higher efficiency in the dispersion compensation characteristics, compared with a conventional equalizer, is proposed. In addition, the amplitude response slope in the frequency domain is less than half of the conventional characteristic. This extends the compensation limit for chromatic dispersion up to 82500 ps/nm for a 2.5-Gb/s heterodyne system, which corresponds to a 4900-km normal dispersion fiber transmission system. A compensation method for modulational instability is also proposed. The method was confirmed by a 2.5-Gb/s continuous-phase frequency-shift-keying (CPFSK) 764-km normal dispersion fiber transmission experiment, with the abovementioned chromatic dispersion equalizer. Employing computer simulations, an over-1000-km normal dispersion fiber optical repeater transmission system with 2.5-Gb/s CPFSK heterodyne detection was shown to be feasible