Tungsten Doped Indium Oxide Thin Films Deposited at Room Temperature by Radio Frequency Magnetron Sputtering

Tungsten doped indium oxide(IWO) thin films were deposited on glass substrate at room temperature by radio frequency reactive magnetron sputtering.Chemical states analysis was carried out,indicating that valence states of element W in the films were W~(4+) and W~(6+).The effects of sputtering power and film thickness on the surface morphology,optical and electrical properties of IWO thin films were investigated.The IWO thin films had high transmittance in near infrared(NIR) spectral range.The resistivity,carrier mobility and carrier concentration owned their respective optimum values as sputtering power and thickness changed.The asdeposited IWO film with the minimum resistivity of 3.23 × 10~(-4) Ω cm was obtained at a sputtering power of50 W,with carrier mobility of 27.1 cm~2 V~(-1) s~(-1),carrier concentration of 7.15 × 10~(20) cm~(-3),average transmittance about 80%in visible region and above 75%in NIR region.It may meet the application requirement of high conductivity and transparency in NIR wavelength region.     

Synthesis of Nanocrystalline FeS2 with Increased Band Gap for Solar Energy Harvesting

In this paper,we have reported the synthesis of FeS2 of higher band gap energy（2.75 eV） by using capping reagent and its successive application in organic-inorganic based hybrid solar cells.Hydrothermal route was adopted for preparing iron pyrite（FeS2） nanoparticles with capping reagent PEG-400.The quality of synthesized FeS2 material was confirmed by X-ray diffraction,field emission scanning electron microscopy,transmission electron microscopy,Fourier transform infrared,thermogravimetric analyzer,and Raman study.The optical band gap energy and electro-chemical band gap energy of the synthesized FeS2 were investigated by UV-vis spectrophotometry and cyclic voltammetry.Finally band gap engineered FeS2 has been successfully used in conjunction with conjugated polymer MEHPPV for harvesting solar energy.The energy conversion efficiency was obtained as 0.064%with a fill-factor of 0.52.     

Ultra-thin layer structured anodes for highly durable Iow-Pt direct formic acid fuel cells

Direct formic acid fuel cells （DFAFCs） allow highly efficient low temperature conversion of chemical energy into electricity and are expected to play a vital role in our future sustainable society. However, the massive precious metal usage in current membrane electrode assembly （MEA） technology greatly inhibits their actual applications. Here we demonstrate a new type of anode constructed by confining highly active nanoengineered catalysts into an ultra-thin catalyst layer with thickness around 100 nm. Specifically, an atomic layer of platinum is first deposited onto nanoporous gold （NPG） leaf to achieve high utilization of Pt and easy accessibility of both reactants and electrons to active sites. These NPG-Pt core/shell nanostructures are further decorated by a sub-monolayer of Bi to create highly active reaction sites for formic acid electro-oxidation. Thus obtained layer-structured NPG-Pt-Bi thin films allow a dramatic decrease in Pt usage down to 3 ~tg.cm-2, while maintaining very high electrode activity and power performance at sufficiently low overall precious metal loading. Moreover, these electrode materials show superior durability during half-year test in actual DFAFCs, with remarkable resistance to common impurities in formic acid, which together imply their great potential in applications in actual devices.     

Adjustment of Ink and Water Supply in Offset Printing

The stochasticity of the ink-water balance in the offset printing process is actually a fact. We have only the rotating speed of the duct dampening roller adjustment to apply the water to the printing plate, and against we have the ink zones which can be opened differently depending on the printing elements quantity. This means that in any way of settings we will definitely have a certain constant amount of water emulsified in a different quantity of ink. This should be so far acceptable as long as we have the wide-latitude inks in terms of tackiness, water acceptance and other rheological properties. As nowadays air modem inks are a little changed in terms of ISO 12647-2 dot gain requirements and they are now more sensitive to the very exact ink/water regulations, if looking in the very idle printing element we can consider it as a figure filled with ink-water emulsion. The water-ink flow can be described with the Ostrogradsky-Gauss formulae： ∫∫∫（V）divadxdydz = ∫∫（Ω）（a d Ω）. A divergence parameter shows the flow density in the field v which is limited by Ω1 and Ω2 surfaces on the continuously-differentiated vector-function a which should be determinative in this very point of the field. In terms of vector field flow we can explain the ink/water emulsion transfer from the printing plate to the blanket and afterwards to the imprint using also the theory of mathematical delays concerning the instability of regulations feedback. Therefore we can predict the outcome for ink emulsification in the very exact point in the printing plate and in general also.     

Study of the Adsorption Space of Modified Clinoptilolites

Carbon dioxide （CO2） adsorption is an important adsorbent characterization method and a significant industrial process. In separation and recovery technology, the adsorption of the CO2 is important to reduce the concentration of this gas considered as one of the greenhouse gases. Natural zeolites, particularly clinoptilolite, are widely applied as adsorbents. In this regard, in the present research, the structure, composition and morphology of modified with hexafluorosilicate （HFSi） and orthophosphoric acid （H3PO4） clinoptilolites were investigated by characterizations and measurements made with, X-ray diffraction （XRD）, thermogravimetric analysis （TGA）, scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray analysis （SEM-EDAX） and gravimetric adsorption. Additionally, the surface Chemistry of the modified clinoptilolites was analyzed by applying diffuse reflectance fourier transform infrared spectrometry （DRIFTS）. Further, the interaction of CO2 within the adsorption space of these modified clinoptilolites and a synthetic ZSM-5 zeolite was studied with the help of adsorption measurements. After all, an appropriate theoretical methodology for the analysis of the XRD and adsorption data was applied. The calculated cell parameters of the tested are similar to those reported for a typical clinoptilolite of： a = 17.662 A, b = 17.911A, c = 7.407 ~ and fl = 116.40 The resolution of the TGA derivative profiles indicated the presence of two steps for water release, one of them represents the loss of majority of the water present in the micropores. This was evidenced as a broad peak centered at about 50℃ for the CSW-HFSi-0.1, but at 100 ℃ for the samples CSW-HFSi-0.4. The SEM micrographs corresponding to the modified clinoptilolites, was evidenced that the CSW zeolite shows secondary particles exhibiting diameters from 3 to 40 μm, formed by primary clinoptilolite crystallites showing a crystallite size, φ = 40 nm. The EDAX elemental analysis it can be demonstrated that the exchange process replaced about 85% of the charge compensating ions. The DRIFT spectra of the modified clinoptilolites, specifically, CSW-HFSi-0.1, show a narrow band at about： 3,740 cm-1 corresponding to terminal silanol groups （Si-OH） and a band 3,600-3,650 cm1 resulting from extra-framework AI-OH. With the precision of the measured micropore volumes related to the excellent fitting of the adsorption data by the D-R isotherm equation, it can be affirm that carbon adsorption took only place in the micropore region. The isosteric heat of adsorption calculated for the modified clinoptilolites was greater than those values reported of ZSM-5 zeolite, particle packing silica, dealuminated Y zeolite （DAY） Cd, Zn and Ni-nitroprussides and Cu-nitroprusside and a Ni-MOF. With the obtained result it can be concluded that the modified clinoptilolites with HFSi showed a quality as adsorbent comparable to commercial synthetic zeolites.     

满足用户需求的一款新型的洗衣机及其标准应用(英文)

The paper introduces the characteristics of a new type washing machine (mini washing machine) and analyzes the global problems solved by mini washing machines from the perspective of meeting different consumers’needs. On the basis of current performance specifications of IEC 60456, it explains how to improve the performance test method of mini washing machine in details, and points out the direction of standards research and test improvement. Meanwhile, the author briefs about other new type washing machines and the developmental trend of washing machines.     

Management of the Quality of Corrosion Protection of Structural Steel Based on Corrosion Risk Level

The paper deals with the theoretical and practical aspects of improving regulatory and technical framework for assuring the quality and safety of metal structures and their protective coatings under the exposure of corrosive environment. Methodological approach has been developed to managing technological safety, assessing the risks of corrosion failures, and extension of an industrial facility＇s life based on company standards taking into account the requirements for safe operation of buildings and installations. Basic provisions of the method of limit states design have been analyzed to determine： design characteristics of corrosion impacts, computational models and design cases for affirming compliance of corrosion resistance, and durability and maintainability of structures and their protective coatings. Presented are practical examples of justifying the choice of means of primary and secondary protection, taking into account classification of the established levels of facility corrosion hazard. On the basis of limit state design principles, logistical control- and decision-making system is generated for reliability assurance of steel structures and protective coatings. Assessment criteria are specified for the risks with the use of the materials and technologies of primary and secondary corrosion protection.     

New Composite Electrode Material Based on Glassy Carbone/Polythiophene/MnO2

In this paper, it presents the work which consists to develop and characterize a modified electrode with a conductive polymer film, poly [3-methyl thiophene] then incorporating manganese dioxide MnO2 into the film. The deposition of the polymer film on the surface of the glassy carbon electrode is realized by the electrochemical oxidation of the monomer [3-methyl thiophene] in an organic medium. Then the electrode obtained was immersed in a solution containing ions Mn4~ to introduce into the polymeric film. The technique of insertion of manganese ions is performed by interaction with the polymer film. The electrochemical oxidation of the modified electrode in an aqueous medium will precipitate the manganese dioxide in the form of particles in the polymer film. In this study, it was found that several parameters affect the amount of manganese dioxide introduced as the pH of the medium and the thickness of the polymer film.     

Light and Electron Microscopy Studies of the Visible Diffusion Zone of Mild Steel Pack Cyanided in Processed Cassava Leaves

This study investigates the microstructure of the processed cassava leaves. Standard parts machined from low visible diffusion zone formed in low carbon steel pack cyanided using carbon steel were pack cyanided by high temperature in-situ diffusion of nascent carbon and nitrogen into austenite. Formation of a visible diffusion zone was confirmed after observation with a Reichert-Jung Polyval optical microscope coupled with Zeiss AxioCam ICc 1 camera. High magnification Scanning Electron Microscope （SEM） imaging of the visible diffusion zone was done with a CamScan Series 2 scanning electron microscope. The zone was found variable in depth as measured from a representative position. The structure of all samples consists of ferrite and pearlite as determined by optical and SEM examination. Resulting products were thus both tough and hard suitable for service environments requiring high resistance to both wear and impact failure.     

Evolution of the Raman spectrum of graphene grown on copper upon oxidation of the substrate

Significant changes in the Raman spectrum of single-layer graphene grown on a copper film were observed after the spontaneous oxidation of the underlying substrate that occurred under ambient conditions. The frequencies of the graphene G and 2D Raman modes were found to undergo red shifts, while the intensities of the two bands change by more than an order of magnitude. To understand the origin of these effects, we further characterized the samples by scanning tunneling microscopy （STM）, scanning tunneling spectroscopy （STS）, and atomic force microscopy （AFM）. The oxidation of the substrate produced an appreciable corrugation in the substrate without disrupting the crystalline order of the graphene overlayer and/or changing the carrier doping level. We explain the red shifts of the Raman frequencies in terms of tensile strain induced by corrugation of the graphene layer. The changes in Raman intensity with oxidation arise from the influence of the thin cuprous oxide film on the efficiency of light coupling with the graphene layer in the Raman scattering process.     

Increase in Generation of Poly-Crystalline Silicon by Atmospheric Pressure Plasma-Assisted Excimer Laser Annealing

In this work, a novel atmospheric pressure plasma-assisted excimer laser annealing method for increasing the generation efficiency of poly-crystalline silicon from amorphous silicon layers is presented. Here, both the plasma and the laser propagate coaxially in order to generate energetic synergies. The influence of different process gases and plasma discharge modes as well as the working distance were investigated. Depending on the particularly applied plasma, the crystalline area was increased by a factor of approx. 1.1 to 1.9, where the highest efficiency was observed when introducing an argon plasma beam to the annealing process.     

Removal of Arsenic from Waste Water by Using ZnO Nano-Materials

Zinc oxide has a unique position among semiconducting oxides due to its piezoelectric and transparent conducting properties. The catalyst-free synthesis of pure ZnO nanostructured material with 6-fold structural symmetry was synthesized by the chemical precipitation method. In this article, various nanostructures of ZnO which are grown by the chemical precipitation technique has been reported. Zinc oxide nanoparticles were synthesized by heating freshly prepared zinc hydroxide [Zn（OH）2] at 150℃ for two hours. The prepared compound was characterized by the X-Ray diffraction technique. Zinc oxide nanoparticles possess high removal capacity of As （III）, which can easily be separated and recycled during water treatment processes.     

Elaboration and Properties of Starch-Based Bio-Material Films Using Different Solvent Systems

Nowadays many studies have been focusing on the development of biomaterials obtained from renewable resources to replace fossil based plastics. The famous example is starch which is produced by a wide variety of plants as energy reserve and is available in abundance at a very competitive price. It can easily be transformed into thermoplastic starch （TPS） by addition of a plasticizer. However, TPS suffers from several limitations, such as poor mechanical properties and water sensitivity which did not permit its use in large practical applications. In this study, different formulations, containing commercial corn starch and plasticizers were prepared by the film casting method, after gelatinization of starch in hot aqueous suspensions. To obtain flexible films, two plasticizers were used： glycerol and dioctyl phthalate （DOP）. The fact that the DOP displayed an exceptionally poor water affinity, three co-solvents, methanol, ethanol and acetone were added in the aim to improve its solubility. The obtained materials were tested considering the water resistance measured at 25 and at 50 ℃, mechanical properties in tension and the differential scanning thermal analysis （DSC）. From the obtained results, it seems that the solvent system as well as the plasticizers used affects considerably the properties of the resulting materials.     

Erosion Resistance of Stellite Alloys under Solid-Particle Impact

Selected Stellite alloys, which are currently or potentially employed in an environment involving erosion, are studied under solid-particle erosion test. These alloys include high-carbon Co-Cr-W system and low-carbon Co-Cr-Mo system, Two particle impact velocities （84 m/s and 98 m/s） and two impingement angles （30° and 90°） are used in the test. It is shown that Stellite alloys are more resistant to erosion at 90° impingement angle than at 30° impingement angle and the weight losses of Stellite alloys increase with the particle impact velocity. The erosion resistance of Stellite alloys is controlled mainly by their carbon content, but tungsten and molybdenum contents also play an important role in the erosion resistance of these alloys, because these elements determine the volume fractions of carbides and intermetallic compounds in the alloys. The eroded surfaces are analyzed using SEM to further understand the erosion test results.     

Numerical Study of Solid Iron Carburization in a Carbon Monoxide Atmosphere

The diffusion step during the high temperature carburization of a spherical iron particle in a carbon monoxide atmosphere is mathematically modeled and numerically simulated in this work. The continuity equation is numerically solved using a forward finite-differences scheme, and a temperature range of 1,486-1,664 K is considered. An integration time during which the solid iron particle is not yet melted is assumed. The programming code was verified using experimental results previously reported by other authors. Radial carbon concentration is determined for several temperatures, and the average carbon concentration in the particle is obtained by numerical integration.     

Contactless probing of the intrinsic carrier transport single-walled carbon nanotubes

Intrinsic carrier transport properties of single-walled carbon nanotubes have been probed by two parallel methods on the same individual tubes： The contactless dielectric force microscopy （DFM） technique and the conventional field-effect transistor （FET） method. The dielectric responses of SWNTs are strongly correlated with electronic transport of the corresponding FETs. The DC bias voltage in DFM plays a role analogous to the gate voltage in FET. A microscopic model based on the general continuity equation and numerical simulation is built to reveal the link between intrinsic properties such as carrier concentration and mobility and the macroscopic observable, i.e. dielectric responses, in DFM experiments. Local transport barriers in nanotubes, which influence the device transport behaviors, are also detected with nanometer scale resolution.     

International Marketing Strategy Analysis for Anta Group

How Anta practice well for internationalization, how to make Anta known worldwide, and how to make people loyal consumers of Anta＇s products are some of the problems Anta must face. There is a long way of internationalization before it. This paper analyzes strengths, weakness, opportunities, and threats （SWOT） of Anta＇s international marketing. Finally,propose some suggestions.     

联盟标准CSA016《LED照明应用接口要求：控制装置分离式、自带散热LED模组的路加隧道灯》解读

With the advantages of long lifetime, high lighting effect and non-pollution, LED lighting has taken a leading role in the lighting sector. LED street and tunnel lights have no unified product interface, so the products of different enterprises cannot interchange with each other, restraining the development of the whole industry due to the large-scale production problem. The alliance standard CSA 016-2013 has been approved as a national standard project, paving the way for the orderly development of LED industry. Interpreting the CSA 016 standard, the paper expounds on the technical requirements for interchangeable interface in the optical, mechanical, electrical and thermal aspects.     

Multi-Year Observation of Lung Cancer Metastases to the Spleen

The purpose of our study was to show if there is any correlation between the location of the primary cancer site in the lungs, and the appearance of metastases in the spleen. 1,998 patients with confirmed lung cancer were analyzed. In 22 out of 22 cases, splenic lesions were detected by both, computer tomography （CT） and ultrasound （US） in all 22 of them. All patients with splenic lesions detected by the US underwent US-guided biopsy. Among these patients, metastases to the spleen were histopathologically confirmed in all 22 cases. 18 metastases in the spleen originated from left lung tumors, 3 from right lung tumor. In the 1 case remaining, a pattern of benign lesion was confirmed. The authors came to the conclusion that lung cancer metastases detected in the spleen originate mainly from the left lung cancer which can be caused by higher blood flow to the left lung as compared to the right lung.     

Nostoc Linckia as Biosorbent of Chromium and Nickel from Electroplating Industry Wastewaters

The present study relates to the use of cyanobaeterium Nostoc linkia for removal of chromium and nickel from wastewater of galvanic industry. To determine concentrations of Cr and Ni in wastewater samples atomic absorption spectrometry was used. The samples of dried nostoc biomass after exposure to wastewater were subject to nondestructive instrumental neutron activation analysis. During 30 rain of the contact ofbiomass with wastewater 84% of chromium was removed from the wastewaters. Beside chromium after 30 rain nostoc biomass accumulates the amount of iron and zinc that exceeds their concentrations in the control biomass samples by a factor of 6 and 8, respectively. Nickel content in biomass after interaction with Cr-containing wastewater increases sixty fold and copper-sixteen fold. During the same time of biomass-Ni-containing wastewater interaction, 50% of nickel were accumulated. The method of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was applied to identify functional groups responsible for metal binding.