微波MEMS移相器的特性分析与实现

从移相器的基本原理出发,分别介绍了开关线型、耦合器型和加载线型三种采用微机械加工技术制备而成的微波MEMS移相器的结构特点和工作原理。在此基础上,设计制备了CPW分布式加载线型MEMS移相器,并进行测试和分析,结果表明MEMS移相器较传统的移相器有微型化、低损耗、低成本、宽带等突出优点。     

Four-step digital p?i?n diode phase shifter in waveguide at C band using two diodes

The purpose of the work was to design a 2 bit reflection-type phase shifter which could be manufactured by a cheap mass-production technique and which utilised two, rather than the usual three, p?i?n diodes. Since these diodes comprise a relatively large fraction of the total cost of the phase shifter, the saving of one diode allows a useful reduction in cost. The phase shifter, which is in reduced-height waveguide and covers the 5275?5475 MHz band, allows the phase of a signal reflected from it to be changed by 90°, 180° and 270°. The letter describes the design and performance of the phase shifter. The phased-array configuration for which it would be appropriate is a large reflect array with, say, 2000 elements.     

基于铁电移相器的Ka波段低成本相控阵天线研究

为解决铁电体陶瓷移相器中高相对介电常数材料间的匹配问题,研制了一种可用于Ka波段低成本相控阵天线的新型铁电体陶瓷材料移相器,并用其设计制作了一种一维电扫低成本相控阵天线。结果表明:通过利用三级阻抗匹配技术,所制新型移相器中高相对介电常数材料间的匹配问题得到了有效解决。当外加偏置电压约为11 kV时,该移相器可在损耗小于2.2 dB的情况下实现360°相移。     

MEMS移相器及其在微型通信系统中的应用

从传统移相器的构造和原理出发，进一步分析了MEMS移相器的结构、特性。结果表明，MEMS移相器具有传统移相器所无法比拟的体积小、损耗小、成本低、频带宽、易于集成等突出优点。随着高阻硅衬底在微波领域应用的扩展，MEMS移相器介质损耗大幅度降低，将能与信号处理电路一同集成于硅衬底上，便于相控阵雷达等通信系统实现微小型化。     

Compact broadband microstrip 90° phase shifter

A compact broadband planar 90° phase shifter is presented in this letter. By loading the transmission line with M-shaped open stub, the proposed new phase shifter can achieve both compact size and wide bandwidth. Design equations are also given to reveal the key factors that affect the operation bandwidth of the phase shifter. For demonstration, one sample 90° phase shifter is designed, fabricated and measured. Results indicate that the designed phase shifter can realise a wide bandwidth from 2.7 GHz to 6 GHz, referring to a criterion of 6.2° phase deviation.     

一种X波段五位数字移相器的研究与设计

介绍了数字移相器的基本原理及设计方法。在ADS仿真环境下,基于GaAs HJ—FET开关器件,设计仿真了一种X波段五位数字移相器,大大降低了移相器的后期制作成本。利用矢量网络分析仪对制作的实物进行了测试,结果表明：在12—12．5GHz频段内,移相器的最大插损小于9．5dB,均方根相位误差在3°以内。     

移相器位数对相控阵天线指向精度的影响

本文分析了不同位数的数字移相器对天线扫描及天线校准过程的影响,通过仿真分别比较了四位和五位移相器下的天线扫描精度和天线校准误差。结果表明：移相器位数的提升可显著提高天线扫描精度,减小天线校准误差。但由于移相器位数的增加对工艺和成本要求较高,因此在实际应用中应合理权衡。     

Development of a millimeter-wave ferrite-filled antisymmetrically biased rectangular waveguide phase shifter embedded in low-temperature cofired ceramic

The theory of a new ferrite-filled rectangular waveguide phase shifter is presented, showing that the device offers more than twice the maximum phase shift of a classical dual-slab ferrite-loaded waveguide phase shifter. The complete analytical field derivation of the new phase shifter is presented. The prototype 36-GHz phase shifter has been completely embedded in an uncharacterized experimental low-temperature cofired ferrite ceramic material, essentially becoming an integral part of a chip package. The fabricated prototype is only 3.5-cm long, 5-mm wide, and 1-mm high. Preliminary measurements of the nonoptimized prototype reveal a controllable, nonreciprocal phase shift of 52.8/spl deg/ at 36 GHz for a bias current of 500 mA, and an insertion loss of approximately 3.6 dB, including transition loss. This paper marks the first time that a ferrite waveguide phase shifter has been realized as a lightweight, compact, and rugged module that can be easily mass produced at low cost. Since it is embedded in a package, the phase shifter can be readily integrated with other active and passive system components that would ideally be contained within the same package.     

双模互易锁式铁氧体移相器

最新研制出的双模互易锁式移相器具有体积小、结构简单、成本低廉、性能优良等特点。本文介绍了这种移相器的原理、设计方案及应用前景，并提供了在X波段的实际性能。     

基于载波和边带相位控制的微波光子移相器

为了实现一种360°相移新型微波光子移相器，通过使用一个相位调制器、延迟线和光学滤波器来控制载波和边带的相位，最终控制射频信号的相位。相位调制器只需控制一个电压来调节移相角度，减少了使用复杂双平行马赫-曾德尔调制器所导致的漂移带来的影响，具有结构简单、成本较低等优点。结果表明，仿真验证的微波光子移相器可以在0GHz~40GHz频率范围内实现从0°~360°的全相移范围，并且在同一输出相位情况下，频率在0GHz~40GHz范围内，功率基本保持不变。此研究对微波光子移相器技术有一定参考意义。     

过尺寸毫米波圆极化移相器

毫米波铁氧体移相器由于尺寸很小，铁氧体材料的脆性很大给加工和装配这种移相器带来很大困难。本文提出在毫米波移相器中采用过尺寸波导，使移相器截面尺寸增大了1．56倍，从而大大降低这种移相器的加工、装配困难，使整个相控阵天线的成本得以降低。     

A Dual-Mode Latching Reciprocal Ferrite Phase Shifter

A ferrite phase shifter has been developed to provide latching reciprocal phase shift over a moderate frequency band. The principle of operation is based on the use of dual-mode circularly polarized waves in the active ferrite with nonreciprocal polarizers to select modes that provide reciprocal transmission phase. The physical structure of the phase shifter consists of a metallized assembly of ferrite and ceramic dielectric. A ferrite yoke is fitted over a portion of this assembly to permit latching operation. The completed phase shifter has a very simple geometry that can be produced at low cost and has relatively low insertion loss. The maximum cross-sectional dimensions are small and are consequently compatible with application in two-dimensional electronically scanned arrays. Experimental results are presented for an X-band design having a 10-percent bandwidth centered near 9 GHz.     

Electromechanical coupling modelling of distributed MEMS phase shifter for phased array antennas

MEMS phase shifter has many advantages as the ‘steering wheel’ of phased array antenna beam steering. The deformation of mechanical structures of MEMS phase shifter influenced by the complex environmental factors, which became the biggest obstacle to further enhance the performance of phased array antennas. The electromechanical coupling model between the bridge height and phase shift of the distributed MEMS phase shifter is developed. The coupling model could be used to predict the phase error and determine the bridge height tolerance for the deformed MEMS phase shifter. The simulation results of four-bit distributed MEMS phase shifter with 15 bridges illustrate the validity of coupling model and demonstrate the application potential for engineering design and test.     

A low-cost 8 to 26.5 GHz phased array antenna using a piezoelectrictransducer controlled phase shifter

A new phased array antenna of wide bandwidth and good beam scanning angle has been developed using a low cost multiline phase shifter controlled by a piezoelectric transducer (PET) and a stripline fed Vivaldi antenna array. The multiline progressive PET phase shifter has a low perturbation loss of less than 2 dB and a total loss of less than 4 dB up to 40 GHz with a maximum phase shift of 480°. The proposed phased array antenna consists of four E- or H-plane Vivaldi antennas, a PET phase shifter, and a power divider. The phased array shows a wide beam scanning capability of ±27° over a wide bandwidth from 8 to 26.5 GHz covering X, Ku, and K bands     

影响射频目标模拟系统的误差分析

近场效应、衰减器与移相器本身的幅相漂移、射频传输各通路损耗的不一致性、天线安装的机械误差是影响射频目标模拟系统精度的4个主要因素.为使仿真实验中引入制导回路的误差最小,在阐明近场效应产生原理、推导二元定位公式基础上,通过建模仿真,分析了影响系统目标定位精度的程度及原因,推出了"三心"重合的补偿方法;针对衰减器、移相器的实际使用特点,分析了幅度误差和相位误差对目标位置精度的影响,提出了衰减器、移相器的幅相误差的补偿措施;剖析了天线安装引起的机械误差原因,提出了具体的补偿办法.最后,对射频目标模拟系统精度误差的产生顺序及解决方法进行了总结.     

一种新型Radant透镜式移相器的研究

介绍了Radant透镜相控技术在降低相控阵雷达制造成本中的重要作用,分析了Radant透镜式移相器的基本结构及其移相原理,在此基础上设计了一种相移位数为5位的结构新颖的移相器Radantlens,并应用微波等效网络方法分析了基本相移单元的工作机制,获得了影响插入相移的主要参数。然后,运用基于有限元法的商业软件HFSS进行仿真计算,证明了这种新型移相器结构能够产生所需要的插入相移,并具有良好的传输特性。最后,设计了两种满足工程研制需要的新型基本相移单元。     

逻辑内建自测移相器的设计与优化

逻辑内建自测(Logic BIST)测试结构是今后系统芯片(SOC)设计中芯片测试的发展方向。由于LFSR(线性反馈移位寄存器)生成的伪随机序列的高相关性导致故障覆盖率达不到要求，采用移相器可以降低随机序列的空间相关性，提高Logic BIST的故障覆盖率。本文分析了移相器的数学理论并提出了移相器设计与优化算法。该算法可以得到最小时延与面积代价下的高效移相器。     

A 2-bit RF MEMS phase shifter in a thick-film BGA ceramic package

The development of a thick-film hermetic BGA package for a radio-frequency (RF) microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) 2-bit phase shifter is presented. The measured packaged MEMS phase shifter average in-band insertion loss was 1.14 dB with an average return loss of 15.9 dB. The package transition insertion loss was less than 0.1 dB per transition with excellent agreement between simulated and measured results. It was also demonstrated that the RF MEMS phase shift performance could be improved to obtain a phase error of less than 3.3 degrees. The first reported measurements of the average rise and fall times associated with a MEMS circuit (in this case a 2-bit phase shifter) were 26 and 70 /spl mu/s, respectively. The advent of packaged RF MEMS phase shifters will reduce the cost (both design and building) of future phase arrays.     

论宽带相控阵雷达的战术优越性＊

本文指出由于超大规模集成电路的飞速发展和价格不断下降,成本不再是制约因素,相控阵雷达特别是固态相控阵在90年代将由于性能价格比的不断上升而被愈来愈多地采用。宽带相控雷达有其独特的应用价值。文中将全阵面波束电扫只需用移相器称为准宽带,指出准宽带由于实现容易将是90年代最有实用价值的一种带宽形式。将整个天线必须分成若干子阵,子阵间用实时延迟线称为宽带,认为只有少数特定要求才不得不用宽带。