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分别测定了2-萘基丙酸类药物萘普生R-,S-对映体在有机溶剂中的酶促酯化反应初速度,并研究了反应温度,酰基受体和有机溶剂等反应条件对脂肪酶的反应活性和对映选择性的影响。在一定范围内,酶反应活性随温度升高而增加,温度过高易使酶失活;酶选择性则随温度升高而下降;反应温度以35 ̄40℃为佳。 相似文献
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气相酯化反应的高效催化剂—活性炭固载的杂多酸(HPA/C) 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2
在气-固反应体系中研究了固载在活性炭上的硅钨(SiW_(12))和磷钨(PW_(12))杂多酸在合成乙酸乙酯和乙酸丁酯中的催化性能。实验结果表明,反应温度、空间速度和反应物的配比均对催化活性有明显影响,并且,负载催化剂表面酸量与酯化反应活性之间存在着相应的顺变关系。催化剂在较低反应温度和相当大的流速下具有较高的酯化活性,且性能稳定,有一定的应用前景。 相似文献
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应用气固催化反应装置,进行甲醇催化分解反应的研究。当使用Cu-Zn-Cr及Ni-K/Al2O3催化剂时,瓜温度为300℃,气体空速为489.2h^-,催化剂粒度为16目时,甲醇分解率分别为48.2%和50.9%。讨论了各种反应条件对活性的影响。 相似文献
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流化床直接法合成甲基氯硅烷的实验研究 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
在f 24mm的实验室流化床装置上,对金属硅与氯甲烷在CuCl催化剂作用下直接合成二甲基二氯硅烷(DDS)的气-固-固相催化反应进行了实验研究。结果表明,为获得较高的DDS选择性,反应应在300℃以下进行,实验测得反应速率达到70gCH3Cl(kgSi)-1h-1,主副反应的活化能分别为92kJmol-1和254kJmol-1。将流化床实验的结果与固定床实验结果进行了对比,流化床反应器在反应活性和DDS选择性上均远优于固定床,是最适用于有机硅单体合成的反应器型式。根据文献资料和气-固-固催化反应机理对实验中观察到的现象进行了解释。 相似文献
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在反应压力3-5MPa、温度230-270℃,以医药用石蜡油为惰性液相介质,C302铜基催化剂和CM-3-1改性分子筛组成的复合催化剂,在不同催化剂配比,研究了在三相搅拌釜中合成气(CO、CO2、H2)一步法合成二甲醚的反应。结果表明随着温度升高,碳的转化率增加、二甲醚的选择性增加、甲醇的选择性降低;随着压力的增加,碳的转化率升高,二甲醚的选择性增加、甲醇的选择性降低;合成二甲醚催化剂CM-3-1比例提高时,反应转化率降低,二甲醚的选择性提高。 相似文献
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铁屑法处理活性紫废水动力学模型 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
本文研究了铁屑法处理活性紫染料(K-3R)废水的脱色过程和铁屑溶解过程动力学模型,脱色反应为一级反应,铁屑溶解符合零级反应,并讨论了固-液比、温度、pH值,铁屑粒径,活化时间,运行时间诸因素对反应动力学常数的影响。 相似文献
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在固定床反应器中对肉桂醛选择加氢制肉桂醇的反应性能进行了研究。考察了Co-Fe催化剂的活性和选择性;Co负载量、助剂Fe对催化剂选择加氢性能的影响;考察了反应温度、压力、H2的空速等对肉桂醛在催化剂上加氢性能的影响。结果表明,钴/硅藻土催化剂的最佳钴负载量为12%,助催化剂和主催化剂的最佳比为Fe/Co=0.20(mol/mol)。最佳反应温度为423K,反应的压力越高越有利于催化反应,但压力大于4MVa后,肉桂醛的转化率和肉桂醇的选择性提高幅度不大,宜控制在4MVa左右。空速对肉桂醇的选择性影响不大,但空速越高肉桂醛的转化率越低,催化反应中宜控制较低的氢气空速为佳。 相似文献
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乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)是十分重要的化工中间体,其下游产品较多。江苏某化工厂开发生产乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品三十多个,年生产规模三万多吨,是国内以乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)为中间体生产精细化学品的综合骨干企业。针对乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品废水特点,该厂结合企业实际,开展了产品优化,结构调整,清洁生产,资源循环利用,节水降耗等工作,从源头削减了污染物的生产。同时投资二千多万元新建预处理装置三套,6000m3/d废水生化处理装置一套,使全厂乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品的废水得到了有效的治理。 相似文献
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D. G. Gordeev L. F. Gudarenko M. V. Zhernokletov V. G. Kudel’kin M. A. Mochalov 《Combustion, Explosion, and Shock Waves》2008,44(2):177-189
A semi-empirical equation of state for metals is described. Its capabilities are demonstrated by the example of the equation
of state for aluminum. New experimental data are presented on the location of the isentrope of aluminum for unloading from
the state at p = 229.71 GPa on the shock adiabat to an aerogel (SiO2) of density 0.08 g/cm3.
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Translated from Fizika Goreniya i Vzryva, Vol. 44, No. 2, pp. 61–75, March–April, 2008. 相似文献
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Jorge Marcelo Romero Soledad Bustillo Hugo Enrique Ramirez Maisuls Nelly Lidia Jorge Manuel Eduardo Gómez Vara Eduardo Alberto Castro Alicia H. Jubert 《International journal of molecular sciences》2007,8(7):688-694
A thermochemical rather simple experimental technique is applied to determine the enthalpy of formation of Diperoxide of ciclohexanone. The study is complemented with suitable theoretical calculations at the semiempirical and ab initio levels. A particular satisfactory agreement between both ways is found for the ab initio calculation at the 6–311G basis This set level. Some possible extensions of the present procedure are pointed out. 相似文献
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The objective of the study was to explore the effect of the degree of deacetylation (DD) of the chitosan used on the degradation rate and rate constant during ultrasonic degradation. Chitin was extracted from red shrimp process waste. Four different DD chitosans were prepared from chitin by alkali deacetylation. Those chitosans were degraded by ultrasonic radiation to different molecular weights. Changes of the molecular weight were determined by light scattering, and data of molecular weight changes were used to calculate the degradation rate and rate constant. The results were as follows: The molecular weight of chitosans decreased with an increasing ultrasonication time. The curves of the molecular weight versus the ultrasonication time were broken at 1‐h treatment. The degradation rate and rate constant of sonolysis decreased with an increasing ultrasonication time. This may be because the chances of being attacked by the cavitation energy increased with an increasing molecular weight species and may be because smaller molecular weight species have shorter relaxation times and, thus, can alleviate the sonication stress easier. However, the degradation rate and rate constant of sonolysis increased with an increasing DD of the chitosan used. This may be because the flexibilitier molecules of higher DD chitosans are more susceptible to the shear force of elongation flow generated by the cavitation field or due to the bond energy difference of acetamido and β‐1,4‐glucoside linkage or hydrogen bonds. Breakage of the β‐1,4‐glucoside linkage will result in lower molecular weight and an increasing reaction rate and rate constant. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 90: 3526–3531, 2003 相似文献
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A perturbation viscometer is a differential capillary viscometer that measures the logarithmic viscosity gradient of the viscosity-composition curve for gas mixtures. Measurements are made at different gas mixture compositions. Integration of the logarithmic viscosity gradients measured over the full composition range gives the mixture viscosity relative to the viscosity of one of the pure components of the gas mixture. This method is attractive because, for measurements of equal precision, integration of the gradients is potentially an order of magnitude more precise than measurement of the viscosities directly. It can also work at high and low temperatures and perhaps high pressures.The perturbation viscometer has been used to make measurements on ideal gas mixtures at ambient and elevated temperatures. The situation is more complicated when the gas mixtures are non-ideal. Extra effects due to density differences, molar volume change on mixing and differential thermal expansion may be measured in addition to the desired viscosity change producing systematic errors in the results. Thus, a more sophisticated apparatus is required. The standard perturbation viscometer has been modified to separate out the extra effects to permit measurement of the true change in viscosity. In addition, the theoretical operation of the modified apparatus has been revised to account for the design changes to permit calculation of the viscosity-composition profiles from the results.The apparatus has been tested using helium-HFC-125 mixtures and two new viscosity-composition profiles are presented for these mixtures at 23 and . Internal consistency tests have been used to confirm that the data produced are of high quality with an estimated uncertainty in the viscosity ratio data at of 0.9% and at of 1.5%. 相似文献