反应条件对脂肪酶酯化活性和对映选择性的影响

分别测定了２－萘基丙酸类药物萘普生Ｒ－,Ｓ－对映体在有机溶剂中的酶促酯化反应初速度,并研究了反应温度,酰基受体和有机溶剂等反应条件对脂肪酶的反应活性和对映选择性的影响。在一定范围内,酶反应活性随温度升高而增加,温度过高易使酶失活;酶选择性则随温度升高而下降;反应温度以３５￣４０℃为佳。     

甲醇催化分解反应的研究

应用气固催化反应装置，进行甲醇催化分解反应的研究。当使用Ｃｕ－Ｚｎ－Ｃｒ及Ｎｉ－Ｋ／Ａｌ２Ｏ３催化剂时，反应温度为３００℃，气体空速为４８９．２ｈ－１，催化剂粒度为１６目时，甲醇分解率分别为４８．２％和５０．９％。讨论了各种反应条件对活性的影响     

杂多酸(盐)催化合成丙烯酸正丁酯的研究

对杂多酸（ 盐） 均相、非均相和固载型催化剂催化丙烯酸和正丁醇反应合成丙烯酸正丁酯进行了研究。实验结果表明：丙烯酸０－５ｍｏｌ、正丁醇０－５５ｍｏｌ、催化剂用量为丙烯酸质量的１－２％ 、反应温度为１３０℃时,丙烯酸的转化率和酯化反应的选择性都在９６％ 以上。非均相和固载型杂多酸（ 盐） 催化剂均可多次使用而活性没有明显下降。     

气相酯化反应的高效催化剂—活性炭固载的杂多酸（HPA／C）

在气－固反应体系中研究了固载在活性炭上的硅钨（ＳｉＷ_（１２））和磷钨（ＰＷ_（１２））杂多酸在合成乙酸乙酯和乙酸丁酯中的催化性能。实验结果表明，反应温度、空间速度和反应物的配比均对催化活性有明显影响，并且，负载催化剂表面酸量与酯化反应活性之间存在着相应的顺变关系。催化剂在较低反应温度和相当大的流速下具有较高的酯化活性，且性能稳定，有一定的应用前景。     

甲醇催化分解反应的研究

应用气固催化反应装置，进行甲醇催化分解反应的研究。当使用Ｃｕ－Ｚｎ－Ｃｒ及Ｎｉ－Ｋ／Ａｌ２Ｏ３催化剂时，瓜温度为３００℃，气体空速为４８９．２ｈ＾－，催化剂粒度为１６目时，甲醇分解率分别为４８．２％和５０．９％。讨论了各种反应条件对活性的影响。     

流化床直接法合成甲基氯硅烷的实验研究

在f 24mm的实验室流化床装置上,对金属硅与氯甲烷在CuCl催化剂作用下直接合成二甲基二氯硅烷(DDS)的气-固-固相催化反应进行了实验研究。结果表明,为获得较高的DDS选择性,反应应在300℃以下进行,实验测得反应速率达到70gCH3Cl(kgSi)-1h-1,主副反应的活化能分别为92kJmol-1和254kJmol-1。将流化床实验的结果与固定床实验结果进行了对比,流化床反应器在反应活性和DDS选择性上均远优于固定床,是最适用于有机硅单体合成的反应器型式。根据文献资料和气-固-固催化反应机理对实验中观察到的现象进行了解释。     

三相床中合成气一步法制二甲醚的研究

在反应压力3－5MPa、温度230－270℃,以医药用石蜡油为惰性液相介质,C302铜基催化剂和CM－3－1改性分子筛组成的复合催化剂,在不同催化剂配比,研究了在三相搅拌釜中合成气（CO、CO2、H2）一步法合成二甲醚的反应。结果表明随着温度升高,碳的转化率增加、二甲醚的选择性增加、甲醇的选择性降低;随着压力的增加,碳的转化率升高,二甲醚的选择性增加、甲醇的选择性降低;合成二甲醚催化剂CM－3－1比例提高时,反应转化率降低,二甲醚的选择性提高。     

铁屑法处理活性紫废水动力学模型

本文研究了铁屑法处理活性紫染料（Ｋ－３Ｒ）废水的脱色过程和铁屑溶解过程动力学模型，脱色反应为一级反应，铁屑溶解符合零级反应，并讨论了固－液比、温度、ｐＨ值，铁屑粒径，活化时间，运行时间诸因素对反应动力学常数的影响。     

三相搅拌反应釜中合成气直接制二甲醚

在三相搅拌反应釜中,以医用石蜡油为惰性液相介质,以铜基催化剂与改性分子筛组成固相复合催化剂,以合成气为原料气,研究了CO、CO2、H2一步法合成二甲醚（DME）的催化反应,考察了温度、压力、原料气组成对反应结果的影响。研究结果表明,反应温度提高或反应压力提高,CO与CO2的总转化率增加,二甲醚的选择性增加;含有一定比例CO2的原料气,碳总转化率较大,二甲醚选择性较高。     

Co—Fe催藻土催化剂上肉桂醛的选择加氢——反应性能的研究

在固定床反应器中对肉桂醛选择加氢制肉桂醇的反应性能进行了研究。考察了Co-Fe催化剂的活性和选择性;Co负载量、助剂Fe对催化剂选择加氢性能的影响;考察了反应温度、压力、H2的空速等对肉桂醛在催化剂上加氢性能的影响。结果表明,钴／硅藻土催化剂的最佳钴负载量为12％,助催化剂和主催化剂的最佳比为Fe／Co=0．20（mol／mol）。最佳反应温度为423K,反应的压力越高越有利于催化反应,但压力大于4MVa后,肉桂醛的转化率和肉桂醇的选择性提高幅度不大,宜控制在4MVa左右。空速对肉桂醇的选择性影响不大,但空速越高肉桂醛的转化率越低,催化反应中宜控制较低的氢气空速为佳。     

乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品废水的治理技术

乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)是十分重要的化工中间体,其下游产品较多。江苏某化工厂开发生产乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品三十多个,年生产规模三万多吨,是国内以乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)为中间体生产精细化学品的综合骨干企业。针对乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品废水特点,该厂结合企业实际,开展了产品优化,结构调整,清洁生产,资源循环利用,节水降耗等工作,从源头削减了污染物的生产。同时投资二千多万元新建预处理装置三套,6000m3/d废水生化处理装置一套,使全厂乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品的废水得到了有效的治理。     

几种乙炔加压设备性能的比较

阐述并比较了几种加压设备在乙炔加压清净过程中的性能和特点。     

三种煤样燃烧热的测定

本文通过三个厂家提供的三种煤样燃烧热的测定,由测定结果综合得出3号煤样燃烧最完全、燃烧热也最大,是三个煤样中最好的一种。     

Semi-empirical equation of state of metals. Equation of state of aluminum

A semi-empirical equation of state for metals is described. Its capabilities are demonstrated by the example of the equation of state for aluminum. New experimental data are presented on the location of the isentrope of aluminum for unloading from the state at p = 229.71 GPa on the shock adiabat to an aerogel (SiO₂) of density 0.08 g/cm³. __________ Translated from Fizika Goreniya i Vzryva, Vol. 44, No. 2, pp. 61–75, March–April, 2008.     

水泥水化热测定方法综述

水泥水化热是中、低热水泥和核电工程用水泥的一项关键的技术指标。全球范围内测定水泥水化热的方法有溶解法、直接法/半绝热法、等温传导量热法三种。本文总结了中、美、欧相关方法标准,对其测试原理、仪器设备、试验过程等方面进行了比对,并对其在领域的应用做了简单的概括。     

Calorimetric and Computational Study of Enthalpy of Formation of Diperoxide of Cyclohexanone

A thermochemical rather simple experimental technique is applied to determine the enthalpy of formation of Diperoxide of ciclohexanone. The study is complemented with suitable theoretical calculations at the semiempirical and ab initio levels. A particular satisfactory agreement between both ways is found for the ab initio calculation at the 6–311G basis This set level. Some possible extensions of the present procedure are pointed out.     

我国聚碳酸酯工业发展概况

介绍我国聚碳酸酯生产能力和消费需求,对聚碳酸酯在信息工业中的应用作了简短介绍     

小议汽车涂装工艺设计对涂装成本的影响

论述了涂装工艺设计对涂装设备投资、涂装生产成本的影响。     

Effect of degree of deacetylation of chitosan on the kinetics of ultrasonic degradation of chitosan

The objective of the study was to explore the effect of the degree of deacetylation (DD) of the chitosan used on the degradation rate and rate constant during ultrasonic degradation. Chitin was extracted from red shrimp process waste. Four different DD chitosans were prepared from chitin by alkali deacetylation. Those chitosans were degraded by ultrasonic radiation to different molecular weights. Changes of the molecular weight were determined by light scattering, and data of molecular weight changes were used to calculate the degradation rate and rate constant. The results were as follows: The molecular weight of chitosans decreased with an increasing ultrasonication time. The curves of the molecular weight versus the ultrasonication time were broken at 1‐h treatment. The degradation rate and rate constant of sonolysis decreased with an increasing ultrasonication time. This may be because the chances of being attacked by the cavitation energy increased with an increasing molecular weight species and may be because smaller molecular weight species have shorter relaxation times and, thus, can alleviate the sonication stress easier. However, the degradation rate and rate constant of sonolysis increased with an increasing DD of the chitosan used. This may be because the flexibilitier molecules of higher DD chitosans are more susceptible to the shear force of elongation flow generated by the cavitation field or due to the bond energy difference of acetamido and β‐1,4‐glucoside linkage or hydrogen bonds. Breakage of the β‐1,4‐glucoside linkage will result in lower molecular weight and an increasing reaction rate and rate constant. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 90: 3526–3531, 2003     

Measurement of the gradient of viscosity with composition of mixtures of non-ideal gases

A perturbation viscometer is a differential capillary viscometer that measures the logarithmic viscosity gradient of the viscosity-composition curve for gas mixtures. Measurements are made at different gas mixture compositions. Integration of the logarithmic viscosity gradients measured over the full composition range gives the mixture viscosity relative to the viscosity of one of the pure components of the gas mixture. This method is attractive because, for measurements of equal precision, integration of the gradients is potentially an order of magnitude more precise than measurement of the viscosities directly. It can also work at high and low temperatures and perhaps high pressures.The perturbation viscometer has been used to make measurements on ideal gas mixtures at ambient and elevated temperatures. The situation is more complicated when the gas mixtures are non-ideal. Extra effects due to density differences, molar volume change on mixing and differential thermal expansion may be measured in addition to the desired viscosity change producing systematic errors in the results. Thus, a more sophisticated apparatus is required. The standard perturbation viscometer has been modified to separate out the extra effects to permit measurement of the true change in viscosity. In addition, the theoretical operation of the modified apparatus has been revised to account for the design changes to permit calculation of the viscosity-composition profiles from the results.The apparatus has been tested using helium-HFC-125 mixtures and two new viscosity-composition profiles are presented for these mixtures at 23 and . Internal consistency tests have been used to confirm that the data produced are of high quality with an estimated uncertainty in the viscosity ratio data at of 0.9% and at of 1.5%.