耦合双量子点中基态电子的隧穿特性

介绍了以Si/SiO2系统构成的量子异或门的工作原理,研究了耦合不对称双量子点所构成的量子比特的电子隧穿特性.研究结果表明,通过栅压可很好地实现控制电子在两个量子点间共振隧穿,其隧穿时间随势垒厚度和量子点尺寸结构参数发生显著的变化.目前模拟的特征变化曲线表明,可获得实验上理想的隧穿时间(工作频率)和相应的栅压(工作电压).     

Implementation of a Two-Qubit C-NOT Quantum Gate in a System of Two Double Quantum Dots,a Microcavity,and a Laser

We study the possibility of implementing a two-qubit controlled-NOT gate operation in a structure consisting of two semiconductor double quantum dots placed in a high-Q optical microcavity and governed by a resonant laser field. The effect of relaxation processes on the dynamics of the two-electron system is discussed. The dissipation rates allowing quantum error correction algorithms to be used are determined. The existing additional excitation channel (laser pulse) is shown to weaken the effect of the nonideality of the cavity on the evolution of the states. Optimal electron coupling coefficients in the quantum dots with control fields are fitted, in which the controlled qubit is switched with the highest probability and the gate implementation takes several hundreds of picoseconds.     

在双模腔QED系统中用原子-腔共振相互作用实现三量子比特Toffoli门

提出了一种在腔QED系统中用一个五能级原子通过原子-腔共振相互作用实现三量子比特Toffoli 门的方案。在提出的方案当中,两个量子化的腔模充当控制比特,而原子的两个低能态构成目标比特。数值结果表明,当同时考虑原子高能态的自发辐射和腔模的衰减对量子门的保真度的影响时,腔场的衰减是主要的噪声来源。讨论了原子-光场耦合常数的偏差对三量子比特Toffoli 门保真度的影响以及方案在实验上的可行性。     

Exploiting Atomic Control to Show When Atoms Become Molecules

Precision-placed atom qubits in silicon offer a unique means to confine electrons and control their spins with extreme accuracy, which can be leveraged to construct powerful quantum computers. To date atom qubits in silicon have been successfully realized using electrons hosted either on a single phosphorus atom or on a multi-donor quantum dot. Here, a novel molecular regime is explored in which electrons are bound to two donor dots separated by ≈8 nm in a natural silicon substrate. The molecular state, provided by these spatially separated donors, is used to study with exquisite precision the impact of confinement potential on the electronic and spin properties of qubits. Unique spin filling measurements, performed on up to five electrons, confirm how electrons are shared between both sites of the molecule, forming hybridized molecular states. The precise atomic locations of the donor atoms in the silicon lattice are determined by combining the experimental electron spin resonance spectra and the state-of-the-art atomistic modeling of multi-electron wave-functions in presence of realistic electric fields. The donor molecule studied in this work exhibits excellent qubit properties and addresses the impact that the confinement potential has, at the atomic scale, on the desired properties of electron spin qubits.     

Materials Origins of Decoherence in Superconducting Qubits

Superconducting integrated circuits incorporating Josephson junctions are an attractive candidate for scalable quantum information processing in the solid state. The strong nonlinearity of the Josephson effect enables one to tailor an anharmonic potential and thus to realize an artificial quantum two-level system (“qubit”) from a macroscopic superconducting circuit. Josephson qubits can be made to interact strongly and controllably, and it should be straightforward to fabricate circuits incorporating hundreds or even thousands of Josephson qubits using standard thin-film processing techniques. Work over the last several years has shown that qubit performance is limited by spurious coupling of the qubit to microscopic defect states in the materials that are used to implement the circuit. Here we discuss the materials origins of dissipation and dephasing in superconducting qubits. A deeper understanding of the underlying materials physics that governs decoherence in superconducting quantum circuits will guide the search for improved, low-noise materials and fuel continued progress in the field of superconducting quantum computing.      

Excitonic dynamics of a quantum dot coupled to a laser-driven semiconductor microcavity

Within the density matrix formalism, we report on the quantum control of the excitonic coherences in quantum dots coupled to a single mode field resonant semiconductor cavity. We use an external classical laser field to drive the dynamical response of the excitonic states. Dissipation mechanisms associated with the cavity field and the excitonic states are explicitly included in the model. Our numerical simulations of the excitonic dynamics are in good agreement with recent experimental reports. Furthermore, we compute and show how to tailor such a dynamics in the presence of the laser field by means of controlling the detuning between the laser and the cavity field frequencies. The results are analyzed with a view to implementing quantum control of local qubit operations.     

Information in entangled dynamic quantum networks

We present a simple method of obtaining a completely entangled lattice of qubits, using a modified form of the controlled-NOT quantum gates connecting nearest neighbors, which we have studied earlier. In this fully entangled case, for computational economy a slightly modified form of the c-NOT gate is used, which inverts the phase as well as the state of the controlled qubit when the controlling qubit is excited. It too gives a manifestly unitary transition matrix for each updating of the network, while keeping all the numbers produced in the operations real. The dynamics leads to a completely entangled state of the qubits. Simulation shows a surprising property of the dynamics of the network, viz. the possibility of obtaining the initial state by a method of back-projecting the complicated entangled states that evolve after many updatings of the entire network. We prove that it is not possible for a sequence of unitary operators working on a net to make it move from an aperiodic regime to a periodic one, unlike some classical cases where phase-locking happens in course of evolution. However, we show that it is possible to introduce periodic orbits to sets of initial states, which may be useful in forming dynamic pattern recognition systems.     

量子位叠加态的防错纠错编码

提出用单个量子位的叠加态进行量子编码,采用分组纠错方法,设置纠错量子线路;用８个量子们编码时,建立同态量子位对模型,简化了量子编码。     

Generation and Concentration of Terahertz Radiation in a Microcavity with an Open Quantum Dot

A scheme to generate terahertz radiation by an array of quantum dots localized at the center of a semiconducting heterostructure is developed. Electrons are injected into the active part due to the source and drain Fermi energy difference induced by a dc electric field. The structure is placed inside a microcavity stimulating the electronic transition in the quantum dots accompanied by the emission of a photon to the cavity mode. This process is optimized using the filters formed by the quantum wells, which facilitate the electron density concentration in a quantum dot. The electromagnetic field radiated by the cavity in the waveguide can be used for a local effect on the charge qubits. The parameters of such a source depend on the working characteristics of the quantum dots and cavity.     

Perfectly and imperfectly controlled quantum operations on a charge qubit

A theoretical investigation is presented into the coherent dynamics of a charge qubit in the form of two tunnel-coupled quantum dots containing a single electron, with the logic states represented by electron orbitals localized at the quantum dots. Analytical expressions are derived for the evolution of a one-or two-qubit system in an applied field. The system and field parameters are evaluated in terms of performing basic one-qubit operations. The possibility is explored for implementing the CNOT operation in a two-qubit system driven by error-free or error-prone control pulses.     

势阱离子+腔场系统中量子逻辑门的实现

基于光腔中的势阱离子同时与外激光场和腔场发生相互作用的特性，我们提出了一种量子逻辑门的实现方案。在该方案中，量子逻辑门是以离子内态和腔态作为比特，而势阱离子的运动态作为辅助比特始终保持在基态。而且，没有采用Lamb-Dicke近似，因而更容易为实验所实现。     

超导系统下利用量子非破坏性测量制备量子态

基于超导量子电路系统,我们提出了通过量子非 破坏性测量的方法来实现光子的量子态制备。由约 瑟夫森结构成的两能级超导量子比特,在与腔耦合的情况下,其能级会产生斯塔克位移,位 移的大小与腔 内光子数成正比。利用超导量子比特能级位移受到腔内光子影响这一性质,在波导与超导量 子比特耦合的 情况下,通过波导中光子透过率的测量,从而判断出腔内的光子数。这种测量方式对腔内的 光子不产生影 响,因而是量子非破坏性测量,进而实现腔内光子的量子态制备。此外,我们还讨论了相关 参数对制备效 果的影响,在此基础之上,提出了通过反馈重复测量的方法来提高制备效率,从而实现目标 量子态的快速制备。     

用约瑟夫森结量子比特制备簇态

高度纠缠的簇态是一种常见的测量基的量子计算的资源。这里提出了基于约瑟夫森比特的簇态实现方案。方案简单且易于操作,每个量子比特是通过包括一个超导岛和一个库伯对盒来实现的,任意两个约瑟夫森结量子比特可以通过一个对称的直流射频超导干涉仪相互耦合。通过调节每个实现量子比特的的门电压,来设定合适的初态,通过调节系统内相应的参量从而实现一个一个环路的耦合作用,以实现簇态。经过文章理论推导,方案简便易操作。在现在的技术条件下,方案完全可行。     

Programmable quantum logic gates using teleportation with non-maximally entangled states

A scheme is proposed for involving programmable quantum logic gates via teleportation,which is a unique technique in quantum mechanics.In our scheme,considering the inevitable decoherence caused by noisy environment,the quantum states are not maximally entangled.We show the implementation of single qubit quantum gates and controlled-NOT(C-NOT) gate,which are universal quantum gates.Hence,any quantum gate can be implemented by using teleportation withnon-maximally entangled states.Furthermore,two schemes in differet connections of universal gates are proposed and compared,and our results show the parallel connection outperforms the cascade connection.     

未知原子态经纠缠腔场信道的隐形传态

为了有效地进行原子态的量子隐形传输,提出了一个使用纠缠腔场的原子量子比特态的量子隐形传输新方案,利用位于高品质光腔中的三能级原子与腔场进行大失谐的相互作用来实现,并讨论了光腔的耗散对量子隐形传输的影响。结果表明,该方案不需要辅助原子就能将一个原子态直接传输到另一个原子上,并且在不考虑光腔损耗的情况下传输效率达到100%;对于小的衰减,对任意态的传输,其保真度都接近1.0。该研究对量子通讯的发展是有帮助的。     

克服腔QED中比特反转错误的无退相干子空间量子计算

提出了一种抑制集体比特反转错误的无退相干子空间量子计算方案。该方案基于腔电动力学系统,用囚禁于腔中的两个相邻原子编码一个逻辑比特的编码方案,构造出不受比特反转错误影响的四维无退相干子空间。并通过调节外加光场和与腔的耦合,在此无退相干子空间中实现了两个非对易的单比特操作和控制相位门,从而实现了克服集体比特反转错误的通用量子计算。     

在第三方控制下实现量子隐形传输

提出了一种利用两粒子最大纠缠态和三粒子部分纠缠态作为量子通道,成功实现量子隐形传态的方案,其中作为通道的三粒子部分纠缠态可以由一般的GHZ态经过一个H门和CNOT门得到,并且与以往一般的三粒子通道相比,它可以传输更多的信息给接收者。发送者Alice在以Bell基为底的基础上对手中的粒子进行测量,然后把测量结果通过经典信道告诉控制者Charlie,Charlie以非最大纠缠Bell基为底,对粒子进行测量,把结果告诉接收者Bob,最后Bob对粒子进行相应的幺正变换,即可得到最初态。此方案采用非最大纠缠态作为量子通道,在Charlie的控制下,有可能实现传输概率100%的完美传输。     

基于状态向量表示的快速量子仿真算法

本文给出了量子门的符号化表示形式,将n量子线路表示成一个控制位符号向量和一个低阶受控量子门的组合,避免了使用高维矩阵的巨大存储开销.对无循环格雷码生成算法进行扩展,提出了n元k定位二进制数生成算法.提出了快速量子仿真算法FQSA,将输入状态向量分组,用同一酉算子对各组进行矩阵向量乘积运算,从而快速产生输出状态向量.相比其他通用量子仿真算法,FQSA节省了存储空间,并具有最优的时间复杂度.仿真QFT表明,较当前最好的分治算法,FQSA极大降低了运行时间,提高了可仿真量子比特数.     

基于半导体共振腔的量子位与量子网络构建

以半导体共振腔内光子与原子的纠缠特性作为量子位,通过半导体共振腔电动力学系统将原子态转换成光子态, 根据半导体共振腔的工作特性,提出共振腔内原子与光子弱耦合与强耦合的判断条件, 并利用外加电磁场对原子的量子态进行操控,从而完成量子逻辑门的操作,再通过各共振腔量子电动力学(CQED)系统间的纠缠进行量子位扩充,实现量子计算与量子网络。介绍微碟型共振腔与单一量子点等多种模型,有助于将量子运算与量子通讯的概念转变为半导体量子器件的研制。     

光学泵作用下两个耦合量子点的输运性质

运用Keldysh格林函数,理论研究了在光学泵作用下的两个耦合量子点的电子输运性质.发现了电流-电压曲线上的平台结构以及透射系数的共振峰,可以由量子点的局域态密度来解释.讨论了光学泵的频率以及强度对系统输运性质的影响,发现当光学泵的频率等于空穴的分立能级时,发生电子的动力学局域化.这个结果可以用来实现光学控制开关.