Co基非晶态Fe_(5.3)Co_(61.3)Ni_(7.4)Si_(10)B_(16)及Fe_5Co_(58)Ni_(11)Si_(10)B_(16)合金的磁场热处理效应

本文对Co基非晶Fe_(5.3)Co_(61.3)Ni_(7.4)Si_(10)B_(16)及Fe_(5)Co_(58)Ni_(11)Si_(10)B_(16)合金用不同方法进行了热处理后得出:退火使合金磁性恶化,纵向磁退火有效地消除了应力,局部感生各向异性和畴壁钉扎,形成感生单轴各向异性,静态磁性获得显著提高。Fe_(5.3)Co_(61.3)Ni_(7.4)Si_(10)B_(16)合金最好静态磁性μ_m高达169×10~4Gs/Oe,Hc为4.3mOe,μ_(0.002)为94000G/0e,Br/Bs=0.895,磁滞损耗减小。但由于形成粗大180°畴使反常涡流损耗增加。倾斜磁场退火使180°畴数目增多,在一定频段内有效的降低反常涡流损耗。对提高初始导磁率有一定作用。     

快淬对Mg_(24)Ni_(10)Cu_2和(Mg_(24)Ni_(10)Cu_2)_(85)La_(15)合金吸放氢动力学的影响

用快淬工艺制备了La-Mg-Ni-Cu系Mg_2Ni型Mg_(24)Ni_(10)Cu_2和(Mg_(24)Ni_(10)Cu_2)_(85)La_(15)合金,用XRD及HRTEM分析了铸态及快淬态合金的结构;用全自动Sieverts设备测试了合金的气态吸放氢动力学;用差热分析仪测试了不同加热速率下合金的放氢DSC曲线,并用Kissinger方程计算了合金放氢激活能。结果表明:不含La的铸态合金具有Mg_2Ni单相结构,添加La的合金除含有Mg_2Ni相外,还含有第二相La_2Mg_(17)和LaMg_3相。快淬态合金具有纳米晶、非晶结构。La的加入显著地提高了合金在真空快淬过程中的非晶形成能力。真空快淬后合金的气态吸放氢动力学得到明显改善,这主要归因于纳米晶结构的形成和合金激活能的降低。     

Fe_(73.4)Cu_1Nb_3Si_(13.5)B_9Al_(0.1)纳米晶合金制备及其软磁性能

首先制备了Fe_(73.4)Cu_1Nb_3Si_(13.5)B_9Al_(0.1)非晶合金带材并研究了微量Al在Fe_(73.4)Cu_1Nb_3Si_(13.5)B_9-Al_(0.1)纳米晶合金中的影响情况。研究表明,微量的Al降低了Fe_(73.4)Cu_1Nb_3Si_(13.5)B_9Al_(0.1)母合金的流动性;微量的Al促使Fe_(73.4)Cu_1Nb_3Si_(13.5)B_9Al_(0.1)非晶合金在晶化热处理时的晶粒显著长大,降低了非晶合金中的内应力各向异性,由此提高了其晶化后的纳米晶合金100kHz以上频率的μe值,同时也显著降低其获得最佳软磁性能的晶化处理温度;晶化处理后,Al原子在Fe_(73.4)Cu_1Nb_3Si_(13.5)B_9Al_(0.1)纳米晶合金中富集于α-Fe晶粒和富铜团簇内并且有可能形成了Fe_3Al;Fe_(73.4)Cu_1Nb_3Si_(13.5)B_9Al_(0.1)磁芯的最佳晶化处理工艺是545℃×1h,其磁芯在1,10,100和200kHz时的μe值分别为33 785,21 551,9 884和5 444。     

非晶软磁合金Co_(65)Fe_4Ni_2Si_(15)B_(14)的纳米晶化动力学研究

采用差示扫描量热分析(DSC)和X射线衍射技术(XRD)研究了非晶态合金Co_(65)Fe_4Ni_2Si_(15)B_(14)的非等温晶化动力学.结果表明,初始晶化的晶化峰值温度T_p与升温速率β呈线性关系:T_p=11.49lnβ+795.43.采用Kissinger和Doyle-Ozawa方法计算了表观晶化激活能E_a,分别为471.68kJ/mol和461.50kJ/mol.进一步研究发现,该非晶合金的晶化为多阶段的连续形核直至饱和的过程;当进入稳定晶化阶段时,剩余非晶的局域晶化激活能逐渐下降,非晶基体的热稳定性降低,这是由B原子的高温扩散导致的.同时,局域Avrami指数n(α)也反映了不同晶化阶段的形核长大机制.     

液态金属的自分离净化法

在高真空高频电磁悬浮熔炼装置上,系统地研究了去除液态 Ni 基合金中异质晶核的微观净化过程,比较了不同净化方法对合金过冷度的影响,并分析了它们的净化机理和净化效果。实验表明,采用熔融玻璃自分离净化法是一种高效而简便的微观净化法,使六元合金(Ni_(0.53)Fe_(0.33)Co_(0.14))_(73)B_(17)Si_8Nb_2获得了417K(0.32T_L)的大过冷度。用净化后的深过冷液态金属进行了快淬,已成功地制备出50μm 厚的非晶条带。在工程上,这一方法为实现应用合金的非晶化开辟了一条途径。     

机械合金化Zr-Al-Ni-Cu-Ag非晶合金的晶化行为

研究了机械合金化非晶态Zr65Al7.5Ni10Cu7.5Ag10合金的晶化过程，由于存在扩散不均匀区，机械合金化非晶合金在深过冷液相区的退火组织不同于快淬合金，在深过冷液相区退火，析出二十面体准晶相及一些知相：在靠近第一个放热峰的温度退火，近出Zr2Cu相：第二个放热峰对应残余非晶相及准晶相向Zr2Ni,Zr2-Al3的转变。     

宽过冷液相区铁基非晶合金的形成和磁性

用熔体急冷法制备出具有明显的玻璃转变和较宽的过冷液相区的Fe-Co-(Nb)-Zr-B非晶合金,研究了热稳定性和软磁性能。结果表明,在Fe-Co-Zr-B四元合金中添加适量的Nb可以显著扩大过冷液相区,提高合金的热稳定性。当冷却速率降低时,急冷合金具有非晶和纳米晶的复相结构。非晶合金的饱和磁化强度随Nb含量的增加而减小。不同Nb含量的非晶合金的饱和磁致伸缩系数均较低。在低于晶化温度的温度下退火可以有效地降低矫顽力,改善软磁性能。晶化导致软磁性能降低。     

非晶合金的热稳定性与热加工窗口研究

采用铜模喷铸法制备了Mg_(68)Zn_(28)Ca_4、Cu_(47)Ti_(34)Zr_(11)Ni_8和Zr_(60)Nb_5Cu_(20)Fe_5Al_(10) 3种非晶合金,通过X射线衍射仪(XRD),差热分析仪(DSC)研究了非晶合金的热加工稳定性,并建立了三维热加工窗口。结果表明,Mg68Zn28Ca4的过冷液相区没有明显随着加热速率的增大向高温区移动,Cu_(47)Ti_(34)Zr_(11)Ni_8和Zr_(60)Nb_5Cu_(20)Fe_5Al_(10)非晶合金的过冷液相区随着加热速率的增大向高温区移动。用Kissinger方法计算出3种非晶的晶化激活能分别为177.26,288.98和288.75kJ/mol。根据建立的三维热加工窗口中可以直接制定非晶合金的加工工艺,确定加工温度及最大加热时间。     

Nd_9Fe_(72)Ti_4C_2B_(13)合金过热熔体的过冷度及其对非晶形成能力和磁性能的影响

采用差热分析法研究了Nd_9Fe_(72)Ti_4C_2B_(13)永磁合金形核过冷度ΔT~-与其熔体过热度ΔT~+的关系。在此基础上,通过对不同熔体过热度的薄带进行微观结构分析、热分析和磁性能测试,研究了熔体过热度对合金的非晶形成能力、组织演化和磁性能的影响。结果表明,合金的过冷度拐点对应的临界过热度为67K。在8~67K的过热度范围内,ΔT~-随ΔT~+的提高而急剧增大了58K;而在67~146K的过热度范围内,ΔT~-随ΔT~+而变化的幅度不大,其间的平均过冷度达到了181K。ΔT~+为60K的快淬薄带的微观组织由Nd_2Fe_(14)B、Fe_3B、α-Fe、Nd_2Fe_(23)B_3相的纳米晶和少量非晶组成。随着ΔT~+从60K提高至130K,快淬薄带中的Nd_2Fe_(23)B_3、α-Fe和Fe_3B纳米晶逐步消失,而非晶含量逐步增大,最终得到完全非晶。ΔT~+为60K的薄带退火组织中存在有损于磁性的亚稳相Nd_2Fe_(23)B_3,其磁性能低下;而ΔT~+分别为90,110和130K的薄带退火组织均由Nd_2Fe_(14)B、Fe_3B、和α-Fe纳米晶组成,它们的磁性能较ΔT~+为60K的薄带的大幅提高。其中,ΔT~+为90K的退火薄带的磁性能取得了最大值,其最佳值为H_(ci)=521.57kA/m,B_r=0.75T,(BH)_(max)=66.31kJ/m~3,M_r/M_s=0.67。     

自由面平整化非晶合金Fe67Co18Si11B4的软磁性能

采用单辊熔体急冷法制备Fe_(67)Co_(18)Si_(11)B_4非晶合金,并对其自由面进行表面平整化,经去应力退火后研究改变自由面粗糙度对磁性的影响。结果发现,自由面平整化使Fe_(67)Co_(18)Si_(11)B_4非晶合金的自由面粗糙度由原来的24. 26 nm降低到5. 53 nm;自由面表面平整化降低了Fe67Co18-Si11B4非晶软磁合金的矫顽力、表面杂散场、内应力,是一种既可以提高Fe_(67)Co_(18)Si_(11)B_4非晶软磁合金的静态磁性,又提高其高频磁性的低成本、低功耗方法。     

Natural Passivity of Amorphous Fe_(40)Ni_(40)P_(14)B_6 and Fe_(54.6)Ni_(38)Si_(4.1)B_(2.3)V_1 Alloys

The natural passive films forrned on Fe_(40)Ni_(40)P_(14)B_6 and Fe_(54.6)Ni_(38)Si_(4.1)B_(2.3)V_1 amorphous alloys long-term exposed in air have been studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Auger electron (including Ar+ ion depth profiling) spectroscopy (AES). The following aspects have been investigated: (1) chemical states of the elements in the films. binding energies and the chemical shifts measured by XPSf (2) structure and composition of the films fand (3) thickness of the passive films determined by AES depth profiling and XPS analysis.     

Thermal Stability of Amorphous Hydride Mg_(50)Ni_(50)H_(54) and Mg_(30)Ni_(70)H_(45)

The thermal stability of amorphous ternary hydrides Mg_(50)Ni_(50)H_(54) and Mg_(30)Ni_(70)H_(45) and their corre-sponding amorphous binary alloys Mg_(50)Ni_(50) and Mg_(30)Ni_(70) were studied with X-ray diffraction(XRD) and differential scanning calorimetry(DSC). Samples of the amorphous alloys were preparedby mechanical alloying and the amorphous hydrides were obtained by charging the alloys with gas-eous hydrogen at 3.0 MPa and 423 K. It was found that the amorphous hydrides released most oftheir hydrogen before the crystallization of the essentially hydrogen depleted amorphous alloy. Thecrystallization temperature of amorphous Mg_(50)Ni_(50)H_(54) elevated and that of amorphousMg_(30)Ni_(70)H_(45) did not change in relation to the original binary amorphous alloy. This is very excep-tional for amorphous hydrides. The reason for the effects of hydrogen absorption/desorption on thecrystallization of amorphous alloys was discussed.     

Thermosensitive nanocontainers prepared from poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-N-(hydroxylmethyl) acrylamide)-g-poly(lactide)

Thermally-responsive graft copolymer of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-N-(hydroxylmethyl)acrylamide)-g-poly(lactide) was synthesized by ring-opening polymerization of D,L-lactide (LA). The polymerization was initiated by the hydroxy group of poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide-co-N-(hydroxylmethyl) acrylamide), using stannous octoate as catalyst. The resulting polymer was temperature-sensitive and the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) was affected by their composition. The chemical structure and physical properties of the grafted copolymers were investigated by various methods. Nanocontainers formed from the self-assembly of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-N-(hydroxylmethyl) acrylamide)-g-poly(lactide) were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and a spherical structure was observed. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) results indicate that the particle size increased with the increase of polylactide content in the copolymer. The properties of this polymer are interesting for both industrial application and fundamental research. In particular it will combine a spatial specificity in a passive manner and a temperature-responsive active targeting mechanism for drug delivery system.     

Stabilization of Ferromagnetic Order in La(0.7)Sr(0.3)MnO(3)-SrRuO(3) Superlattices

The study of spatially confined complex oxides is of wide interest, since correlated electrons at interfaces might form exotic phases. Here La(0.7)Sr(0.3)MnO(3)/SrRuO(3) superlattices with coherently grown interfaces were studied by structural techniques, magnetization, and magnetotransport measurements. Magnetization measurements showed that ferromagnetic order in ultrathin La(0.7)Sr(0.3)MnO(3) layers is stabilized in the superlattices down to layer thicknesses of at least two unit cells. This stabilization is destroyed, if the ferromagnetic layers are separated by two unit cell thick SrTiO(3) layers. The resistivity of the superlattices showed metallic behavior and was dominated by the conducting SrRuO(3) layers, the off-diagonal resistivity showed an anomalous Hall effect from both SrRuO(3) and La(0.7)Sr(0.3)MnO(3) layers. This shows that the La(0.7)Sr(0.3)MnO(3) layers are not only ferromagnetic but also highly conducting; probably a conducting hole gas is induced at the interfaces that stabilizes the ferromagnetic order. This result opens up an alternative route for the fabrication of two-dimensional systems with long-range ferromagnetic order.     

Plasma surface treatments of poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA) and poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV)

The surfaces of poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA) and poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) were modified by oxygen and nitrogen plasma treatments. The physical and chemical surface characteristics were evaluated by contact angle tests, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The plasma treatments caused an increase in both contact angle and roughening, altered the surface morphology, inserted polar groups, and, consequently, enhanced the hydrophilicity for both PLLA and PHBV polymers.     

Nanomechanical characterization of one-step combustion-synthesized Al(4)B(2)O(9) and Al(18)B(4)O(33) nanowires

Two kinds of aluminum borate nanowires, Al(4)B(2)O(9) and Al(18)B(4)O(33), were successfully synthesized by a one-step combustion method through control of the Al:B atomic ratio and synthesis temperature. Both nanowires are single crystalline but have distinguishing growth habits. Nanoindentation tests were performed directly on individual nanowires to reveal their mechanical properties. A 70% reduction in elastic modulus was found in Al(18)B(4)O(33) nanowires compared with their bulk counterpart. Al(18)B(4)O(33) nanowires exhibited higher hardness and elastic modulus than Al(4)B(2)O(9) nanowires.     

Work Functions of Pd_(83.5)Si_(16.5)and Cu_(70)Ti_(30)Glassy Alloys

The work functions before and aftercrystallization of two glassy alloys,Pd_(83.5)Si_(16.5) andCu_(70)Ti_(30) have been measured by means of the con-tact potential difference method in the secondaryelectron field at room temperature under 10~(-5) Pavacuum.The results show that the work functionsof both glassy alloys are higher than those of thecorresponding crystalline alloys.     

Resistive-switching behavior in polycrystalline CaCu(3)Ti(4)O(12) nanorods

Highly aligned CaCu(3)Ti(4)O(12) nanorod arrays were grown on Si/SiO(2)/Ti/Pt substrates by radio-frequency sputtering at a low deposition temperature of 300 °C and room temperature. Structural and morphological studies have shown that the nanostructures have a polycrystalline nature and are oriented perpendicular to the substrate. The high density of grain boundaries in the nanorods is responsible for the nonlinear current behavior observed in these arrays. The current-voltage (I-V) characteristics observed in nanorods were attributed to the resistive memory phenomenon. The electrical resistance of microcapacitors composed of CaCu(3)Ti(4)O(12) nanorods could be reversibly switched between two stable resistance states by varying the applied electric field. In order to explain this switching mechanism, a model based on the increase/decrease of electrical conduction controlled by grain boundary polarization has been proposed.     

(PANI)98-(PEG)136-(PANI)98三嵌段共聚物的自组装

采用化学氧化法合成了(PANI)98-(PEG)136-(PANI)98三嵌段共聚物,使用激光光散射研究了它在选择性溶剂中的聚集行为, 并用扫描电镜观察了嵌段共聚物在选择性溶剂中的自组装行为.结果表明在DMF溶剂中,732个(PANI)98-(PEG)136-(PANI)98三嵌段共聚物形成了结构稳定的球形胶束.在不同的选择性溶剂中, (PANI)98-(PEG)136-(PANI)98三嵌段共聚物能形成球形、棒状、囊泡、花瓣状等不同的自组装结构.     

金属玻璃Pd_(77.5)Ni_(6.0)Si_(16.5)的晶化过程

本文报道了三元金属玻璃Pd_(77·5)Ni_(5·)Si_(·5)经不同温度退火后的透射电子显微镜观察结果。初步确定了Pd_(77·5)Ni_(6·)Si_(16·s)的晶化过程和亚稳相的结构。由于Ni元素的加入,使其晶化过程相对于二元金属玻璃Pd_(su)Si_(2u)变得更加复杂。