科学技术部、国家发展和改革委员会发布可再生能源与新能源国际科技合作计划

可再生能源与新能源作为清洁、可持续利用的能源,为解决人类未来能源供应问题提供了重要的途径和手段。为提升可再生能源与新能源在中国和全球的发展和应用技术水平,共同应对全球气候变化,节约能源资源,实现经济社会可持续发展,建设和谐世界,加强中国与世界各国在可再生能源与新     

可再生能源与新能源国际科技合作计划启动

我国“可再生能源与新能源国际科技合作计划”（以下简称“计划”）最近启动，这项计划由科技部与国家发改委联合实施，是我国政府为促进国际科技合作，加快可再生能源和新能源产业发展而制定的又一个重要规划。     

可再生能源与新能源国际科技合作计划启动

我国“可再生能源与新能源国际科技合作计划”（以下简称“计划”）最近启动。这项计划由科技部与国家发改委联合实施,是我国政府为促进国际科技合作。加快可再生能源和新能源产业发展而制定的又一个重要规划。     

可再生能源与新能源国际科技合作计划启动

我国“可再生能源与新能源国际科技合作计划”（以下简称“计划”）最近启动。这项计划由科技部与国家发改委联合实施．是我国政府为促进国际科技合作,加快可再生能源和新能源产业发展而制定的又一个重要规划。     

中国启动可再生能源新能源国际科技合作计划

我国“可再生能源与新能源国际科技合作计划”2007年11月启动，这项计划由科技部与国家发展改革委联合实施，是我国政府为促进国际科技合作，加快可再生能源和新能源产业发展而制定的又一个重要规划。     

我国能源领域国际合作重点转向新能源和可再生能源

据新华社8月1日消息，随着国内市场对清洁能源的需求不断上升，我国决定将今后10年能源领域国际合作的重点转向新能源和可再生能源的开发和利用。     

2005北京国际可再生能源大会在京召开

2005北京国际可再生能源大会于2005年11月7日在北京人民大会堂开幕,大会由中国国家发展和改革委员会与德国环境部和经济部、联合国经济社会事务部和欧盟共同举办。国家主席胡锦涛向大会发来书面致辞,强调加强可再生能源开发利用,是应对日益严重的能源和环境问题的必由之路,也是人类社会实现可持续发展的必由之路。国际社会应该在研究开发、技术转让、资金援助等方面加强合作,使可再生能源在人类经济社会发展中发挥更大作用,造福各国人民。胡锦涛指出,加强全球合作,妥善应对能源和环境挑战,实现可持续发展,是世界各国的共同愿望,也是世界各国…     

中沙签署可再生能源领域合作谅解备忘录

1月19日,在习近平主席和沙特国王萨勒曼的见证下,国家发展和改革委员会副主任、国家能源局局长努尔·白克力与沙特阿卜杜拉国王核能及可再生能源城主席哈希姆·亚玛尼在沙特首都利雅代表各自部门签署了《中国国家能源局与沙特阿卜杜拉国王核能及可再生能源城关于可再生能源合作的谅解备忘录》,旨在共同推进中沙在可再生能源开发和利用方面的互利合作,提升双方合作水平,促进双方能源生产和消费体系向清洁、可持续方向转型。     

对海峡两岸可再生能源领域合作的建议

在第五届两岸经贸文化论坛上,中国能源研究所副所长李俊峰在《大陆可再生能源发展现状及海峡两岸合作前景》的报告中,就海峡两岸可再生能源领域的合作提出了4点建议。     

Global learning on carbon capture and storage: A call for strong international cooperation on CCS demonstration

Closing the gap between carbon dioxide capture and storage (CCS) rhetoric and technical progress is critically important to global climate mitigation efforts. Developing strong international cooperation on CCS demonstration with global coordination, transparency, cost-sharing and communication as guiding principles would facilitate efficient and cost-effective collaborative global learning on CCS, would allow for improved understanding of the global capacity and applicability of CCS, and would strengthen global trust, awareness and public confidence in the technology.     

Multinational operation,ownership and efficiency differences in the international oil industry

Although state involvement in market systems often leads to inefficiency, this influence in the oil industry is not dwindling due to strong growth of some state oil companies. Based on this background, there are concerns about how state firms can continue to stay relevant in the international oil industry by offsetting inefficiencies due to state control. This study assesses the effects of multinational operations on the performance of oil firms. This is achieved by comparing productive and scale efficiencies of state and private oil companies as well as state multinationals and private multinationals. A dataset of 50 firms each year from 2001 to 2010 reveals that although multinational operation is important in reducing productive inefficiencies of state firms, it does not mitigate scale inefficiencies of state-owned firms. State firms should therefore make multinational operations a key policy direction since this will provide a transformative agenda towards equally competing with their private counterparts. However, better efforts need to be paid in reducing scale inefficiencies that are pervasive among state-owned oil firms. Providing better controls on firm size will provide better drive towards future efficient production levels.     

Time-frequency causality and connectedness between international prices of energy,food, industry,agriculture and metals

This study analyzes the lead-lag relationship between the price indices of energy fuels and each of food, industrial inputs, agriculture raw materials, metals and beverages in the time-frequency domain. To this end, we first use the wavelet coherency and phase-differences. Next, we use the Diebold and Yilmaz (2012) and Barunik and Krehlik (2017) spillover indices to analyse the connectedness among the set of the price indices under consideration. The period of the study is 1990m1 to 2017m5. The wavelet coherency results reveal that there are important and significant relations between the fuel and food prices, the fuel and industrial prices, and the fuel and metal prices. These results also show that there are phase relationships between those paired prices. The volatility spillover results indicate that the agricultural sector is the most affected by shocks from the other markets. The return series of the industrial input prices at all frequencies appears to be the main source of volatility transmission to the prices of the other commodities over the whole period. This finding underlines the relevance of the industrial inputs to policy makers, particularly when they design policies to provide incentives related to industrial production.     

Investment and uncertainty in the international oil and gas industry

The standard theory of irreversible investments and real options suggests a negative relation between investment and uncertainty. Richer models with compound option structures open for a positive relationship. This paper presents a micro-econometric study of corporate investment and uncertainty in a period of market turbulence and restructuring in the international oil and gas industry. Based on data for 115 companies over the period 1992–2005, we estimate four different specifications of the q model of investment, with robust results for the uncertainty variables. The estimated models suggest that macroeconomic uncertainty creates a bottleneck for oil and gas investment and production, whereas industry-specific uncertainty has a stimulating effect.     

An international comparison of energy use in industry: United Kingdom,West Germany,and Italy

The paper presents an investigation on the relation between energy use and economic activity in eight industrial sectors in the United Kingdom, West Germany, and Italy. The approach relies on the analysis of time-series data. In the first section, we point to the role of energy in its interrelationship with the structural characteristics of the national economies. Subsequently, having observed that unit energy requirements vary in the same sector across the three countries, the analysis focuses on possible explanations. The different unit energy consumption pattern, as exhibited by most of the Italian sectors when compared with both the British and the West German ones, is not related to different unit labour and unit capital utilisation patterns. The lack, in the Italian sectors, of a large coal consumption share in the first post-war decade provides an intuitively plausible explanation for the observed unit energy consumption. We test the hypothesis that interfuel substitution alone can account for increased energy productivity. From the results obtained, we deduce that, for a small subset of our sectors, the tested hypothesis turns out to be a meaningful one. In a subsequent section, we analyse and compare the substitution characteristics and the price elasticities of consumption for four fuels. We also take account of the price of labour. Our results support the conclusion that electricity tends to be used as a complement to the other fuels, while the fossil fuels substitute for each other.     

On international renewable cooperation mechanisms: The impact of national RES-E support schemes

The deployment of renewable cooperation mechanisms within the European Union (via statistical transfers, joint support schemes and joint projects) is expected to increase in the near future. Such cooperation mechanisms can significantly reduce the compliance cost for meeting renewable energy targets. Nevertheless, as it is known that ill-designed national support instruments distort renewable investment and production decisions, it can also be expected that these impact the performance of cooperation mechanisms. In this paper, we develop a bi-level two-country competitive equilibrium model that analyzes the impact of national RES-E support instruments on the performance of renewable cooperation mechanisms. Furthermore, we assess the efficiency of two international cooperation mechanisms (statistical transfers and joint support schemes) and compare it to the situation without renewable cooperation. Based on an analytical derivation and a numerical example, we first confirm that fixed feed-in premiums are the globally most efficient instrument, given production-based quotas (in MWh). Other national instruments (feed-in tariffs and capacity-based subsidies) can distort renewable investment decisions, and are sub-optimal. Second, the employment of statistical transfers always outperforms the no-renewable cooperation case, independent of the national support instruments. Third, statistical transfers are preferred over joint support schemes when employing sub-optimal national policy instruments. In fact, it even is possible that sub-optimal joint support schemes (i.e. not based on the fixed feed-in premium) perform worse than no renewable cooperation at all. Finally, we also consider the country-level distributional effects and conclude that country-level incentives for renewable cooperation may not align with the global optimum, i.e. national policy makers might be incentivized to constrain their cooperation levels.     

中国太阳能向外启示录(2)

全面整合:国际化并不只是占有国际市场太阳雨在国际市场开拓方面取得了初步的成功,也许许多人认为这就是太阳雨所谓的国际化,这就是太阳雨作为中国太阳能热水器产业国际化示范的看点。其实,这正是笔者所要着重说明的。太阳雨的国际化绝不是或绝不仅仅是其在国际市场的表现,而是在于其在"市场、技术、人才、资金、信息、管理、思维"等等诸多     

Towards consistent and reliable Dutch and international energy statistics for the chemical industry

Consistent and reliable energy statistics are of vital importance for proper monitoring of energy-efficiency policies. In recent studies, irregularities have been reported in the Dutch energy statistics for the chemical industry. We studied in depth the company data that form the basis of the energy statistics in the Netherlands between 1995 and 2004 to find causes for these irregularities. We discovered that chemical products have occasionally been included, resulting in statistics with an inconsistent system boundary. Lack of guidance in the survey for the complex energy conversions in the chemical industry in the survey also resulted in large fluctuations for certain energy commodities. The findings of our analysis have been the basis for a new survey that has been used since 2007. We demonstrate that the annual questionnaire used for the international energy statistics can result in comparable problems as observed in the Netherlands. We suggest to include chemical residual gas as energy commodity in the questionnaire and to include the energy conversions in the chemical industry in the international energy statistics. In addition, we think the questionnaire should be explicit about the treatment of basic chemical products produced at refineries and in the petrochemical industry to avoid system boundary problems.     

Fostering a renewable energy technology industry: An international comparison of wind industry policy support mechanisms

This article examines the importance of national and sub-national policies in supporting the development of successful global wind turbine manufacturing companies. We explore the motivations behind establishing a local wind power industry, and the paths that different countries have taken to develop indigenous large wind turbine manufacturing industries within their borders. This is done through a cross-country comparison of the policy support mechanisms that have been employed to directly and indirectly promote wind technology manufacturing in 12 countries. We find that in many instances there is a clear relationship between a manufacturer's success in its home country market and its eventual success in the global wind power market. Whether new wind turbine manufacturing entrants are able to succeed will likely depend in part on the utilization of their turbines in their own domestic market, which in turn will be influenced by the annual size and stability of that market. Consequently, policies that support a sizable, stable market for wind power, in conjunction with policies that specifically provide incentives for wind power technology to be manufactured locally, are most likely to result in the establishment of an internationally competitive wind industry.     

Innovation and international technology transfer: The case of the Chinese photovoltaic industry

China is the largest solar photovoltaic cell producer in the world, with more than one third of worldwide production in 2008, exporting more than 95 percent of what it produces. The purpose of this paper is to understand the drivers of this success and its limits, with a particular emphasis on the role of technology transfers and innovation. Our analysis combines a review of international patent data at a detailed technology level with field interviews of ten Chinese PV companies. We show that Chinese producers have acquired the technologies and skills necessary to produce PV products through two main channels: the purchasing of manufacturing equipment in a competitive international market and the recruitment of skilled executives from the Chinese diaspora who built pioneer PV firms. The success of these firms in their market is, however, not reflected in their performance in terms of innovation. Rather, patent data highlight a policy-driven effort to catch up in critical technological areas.