嵌入式γ射线石油含水、含气分析仪

在石油开采过程中要统计石油的产量，但由于石油中混有水和气等介质，只有精确地测量出石油中含水、含气量，才能精确地统计出石油的产量。介绍一种由单片机、γ射线传感器、流量传感器、压力和温度传感器构成的测量仪表。该仪表可统计、计算原油的产量，打印报表。     

基于LabVIEW的旁路式流变测试系统设计

为实现熔体黏度测量,介绍了基于狭缝口模的旁路式流变测试系统的机械结构与测量原理;以LabVIEW为平台,从控制、通讯、人机界面等模块分别进行软件开发,通讯模块采用基于TCP/IP的Modbus协议实现下位机PLC与上位机通讯;最后对系统的测控流程进行了设计。实验结果表明:该旁路式流变测试系统实现了温度、压力数据采集和黏度的准确测量,运行稳定,有很好的实际运用效果。     

基于FPS传感器的润滑油品质车载监测系统

使用FPS油品传感器测量柴油机润滑油的黏度和介电常数,并将其标准化后建立润滑油的实车监测模型.使用该模型对某重型柴油机润滑油进行监测,所测量结果与使用石油产品运动黏度测定仪测量的结果一致.因此,采用该模型可监测柴油机润滑系统的技术状况,为实车机油的在线监测和按质换油提供了一种新方法.     

原油含水率测量系统

原油含水测量系统在油田油品评价和原油产量统计中有很高的应用价值。介绍了一种集原油含水率实时测量、显示与数据通讯于一体的在线式原油含水测量系统。该系统利用γ射线实现原油含水率的非接触和连续测量。由于采用单片机作为核心，该系统既可独立运行，也可以通过RS485总线与系统的主控计算机联网，具有测量精度高、实时性强、使用方便等优点，十分适用于原油产量实时统计和大型油罐(群)的原油储量统计计算。给出了系统的原理框图和软件流程．     

基于模糊推理的原油快评自动预处理系统设计

针对原油快速评价预处理中存在的技术难点,设计了适用于不同原油进行快速评价的自动预处理系统。该系统首先对近红外分析仪出口压力及其平均值进行模糊化,然后基于专家推理规则库模糊推理计算出最佳进样或清洗时长模糊量,最后经过解模糊过程获得最佳进样或清洗时长。实际应用效果表明,所设计的原油快评自动预处理系统能适应多种原油,测量精度高、安全环保、方便易用。     

LabVIEW下基于BP神经网络的温度补偿虚拟压力测量系统设计

压力传感器的输入输出通常存在非线性，而且输出会因工作环境温度的改变，使其零点、灵敏度均发生漂移。为消除温度对压力传感器测量结果的影响，在LabVIEW下实现虚拟压力测量系统，并应用反向传播（BP，Back Propagation）神经网络，通过样本对网络进行训练，并将该BP网络以动态链接库的形式提供给LabVIEW调用。测试结果表明温度补偿效果非常好，同时具备传感器测量值的转换和非线性校正功能，该应用BP神经网络的虚拟压力测量系统具有很大的实用价值。     

在线黏度测量中的温度特性研究及其补偿

对一类智能应变黏度传感器的工作原理进行了阐述,解析了影响该传感器温度特性的因素.系统基于温度补偿和差分放大电路的集成实现传感器零漂温度校正,采用DS18B20-PAR单总线温度传感器进行温度测量和基于BP算法的神经网络进行温度补偿和校正,使得黏度传感器的输出信号为测量信号的单值函数,消除了温度的影响,试验结果证实提高了测量精度.     

SVM3000斯塔宾格黏度计测定液体石油产品的运动黏度

利用奥地利Anton Paar公司生产的SVM 3000斯塔宾格黏度计（Stabinger viscometer）测定了基础油、润滑油、燃料油和原油等透明和不透明石油产品的运动黏度。对不同黏度等级基础油的重复测定结果符合ASTM D7042规定的重复性限要求,三个实验室对润滑油、燃料油和原油的测定结果相对标准偏差在1％以下。分别用斯塔宾格黏度计和毛细管黏度计测定了多种基础油的运动黏度,结果表明两种方法测定40℃运动黏度的结果相关性为Y＝0.9995 X （Y 为斯塔宾格黏度计的测定结果,X为毛细管黏度计的测定结果）,100℃运动黏度的结果相关性为Y＝1.0033 X ,说明两种方法的测定结果一致,无显著性差异。     

一种环境可控的MEMS微结构离面动态变形测试系统

利用Linnik显微干涉技术和环境控制技术,研制了一套环境可控的微机电系统(MEMS)微结构离面动态变形测试系统,该系统可测量不同温度、不同压力下MEMS微结构的离面动态变形情况。测试系统的环境控制装置可提供0～300℃的温度变化和0.1～0.6MPa的压力变化。利用测试系统对不同压力下绝压型硅微压力传感器膜的动态变形以及不同温度下微电路板的变形形貌进行了测量,其中绝压型硅微压力传感器膜变形量的测量重复性误差小于20nm。     

基于光纤测温的毛细管井下温压一体化监测技术

海上油田特别是海上稠油油田的开采中,为实时掌握井下工况、高效开发油气资源、提高采收率等,必须精确测量井下油藏的温度和压力。基于传统毛细管压力监测技术的测量灵活、直读监测等特点,引入分布式光纤温度测量技术,提出了具有双层毛细管结构的井下温压一体化监测技术。根据不同的测量要求分析了传感器的不同安装方式,设计了监测系统整体框架。该技术可实现井下任意深度处的温度、压力同时测量,利用测得的温度值修正压力测量值,提高了压力测量精度。     

板料超塑胀形过程仿真及其应用

板料超塑胀形通常需要高温密闭环境,测试分析困难。本文在刚粘塑性有限元法的基础上开发了超塑胀形计算机仿真系统。应用仿真系统可对材料变形过程进行动态仿真,预测成形件壁厚分布,优化确定成形压力 时间曲线,为成形工艺设计提供有效分析工具。文中给出了“碗”形零件气压胀形仿真实例。     

Evaluation of high temperature pressure sensors

It is becoming more important to measure the pressure in high temperature environments in many industrial fields. However, there is no appropriate evaluation system and compensation method for high temperature pressure sensors since most pressure standards have been established at room temperature. In order to evaluate the high temperature pressure sensors used in harsh environments, such as high temperatures above 250 °C, a specialized system has been constructed and evaluated in this study. The pressure standard established at room temperature is connected to a high temperature pressure sensor through a chiller. The sensor can be evaluated in conditions of changing standard pressures at constant temperatures and of changing temperatures at constant pressures. According to the evaluation conditions, two compensation methods are proposed to eliminate deviation due to sensitivity changes and nonlinear behaviors except thermal hysteresis.     

应用动植物油脂研制可降解抗磨液压油

对回收的动植油脂进行改性处理和加入部分150SN基础油后,调制出可以作为生物降解液压油的基础油.通过对功能剂的研究,解决回收基础油的氧化安定性和与金属材料的配伍性问题,从而开发出粘度指数高,粘温性、低温流动性、极压抗磨性和水解安定性好的有灰和无灰抗磨液压油,并通过台架试验.     

考虑流固耦合作用的超高速液体动静压轴承油膜特性研究

考虑润滑油的黏温效应对动静压滑动轴承的影响,建立超高速液体动静压滑动轴承的油膜-轴瓦流固耦合模型,采用计算流体动力学（CFD）方法求解连续性方程、能量方程和Navier-Stokes方程组得到动静压轴承油膜的压力场和温度场;采用双向流固耦合分析方法对动静压轴承进行计算,分析轴承弹性形变对油膜特性的影响。结果表明：动静压轴承的油膜压力和最大形变量均随着转速的升高以及供油压力的增加而增大;提高供油压力可以加剧润滑介质的流动,从而在一定程度上降低油膜温度;考虑流固耦合作用之后,动静压轴承的实际承载力和油膜压力均一定程度上减小。     

Liquid hydrocarbon flow meters calibration with high flow and viscosity: Conceptual design of a new facility

The oil and natural gas production market is heavily regulated with specifications that are almost always defined and valid for each producing country. In all the focus is to ensure accurate and complete results in volumes produced but with specificities of each location. In Brazil this regulation was created in the year 2000 (Joint Ordinance No. 001 between the National Petroleum Agency - ANP and the National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology - INMETRO) and in the 2013 review it was specified that liquid hydrocarbon flow meters should be calibrated with fluid under the conditions closest to those found in the operation considering density, viscosity, flow, pressure and temperature. However, the type of oil produced in Brazilian fields typically has high viscosity and there is an additional aspect due to the use of FPSO (Floating Production Storage and Offloading) type production platforms: flow to tankers occurs at high flow rates. There are several restrictions in laboratories worldwide to meet these conditions (high viscosity with high flow) and so the purpose of this paper is to present a proposal that technically meets the conditions imposed by Brazilian regulations and that will serve as a reference for operations in other similar fields. The project considers the laboratory should be able to perform calibrations up to 3200 m^3/h, oil densities above 0.88, with flexibility for changing calibration fluid, pressure and temperature control and viscosities up to 700 cP. To this end, a broad evaluation was carried out with solution providers and a research group within the university to technical support     

Experiment and simulation study on cavitation flow in pressure relief valve at different hydraulic oil temperatures

Hydraulic oil is the “blood” of hydraulic system, its high temperature in low-pressure hydraulic system would promote the development of cavitation and cause severe erosion of pressure relief valve. The influence of high oil temperature on the distribution of pressure field, velocity field and vapor volume fraction are discussed experimentally and numerically. The results show that with the increasing oil temperature, the viscosity of the oil decreases, and the flow rate increases, resulting the decreasing pressure at the orifice. Higher oil temperature promotes the occurrence of cavitation in the pressure relief valve, wider low-pressure zone could be found and cavitation bubble developed more fully and towards the valve core head. When the oil temperature increases from 303 K to 353 K, the cavitation intensity rises more sharply, but the growth rate of cavitation intensity increases firstly and then decreases with the increasing input pressure. Furthermore, based on the field synergy theory, the flow resistance and energy dissipation under different oil temperatures are evaluated. Both of large viscous dissipation and effective viscosity coefficient are mainly concentrated at the orifice, which are all effected by the oil temperature, so as to the characteristics of cavitation flow. The average field synergy cosine angle and the average viscosity coefficient decreases gradually with the increasing oil temperature, while the average vapor volume fraction increases. The energy dissipation is reduced by 3.3 × 10⁷ (W m⁻³) while the hydraulic oil temperature increases from 303 K to 353 K. Appropriate hydraulic oil temperature could provide favourable working conditions for the pressure relief valve which is beneficial for extending the hydraulic system's service life.     

新型在线监测润滑油黏度和颗粒的复合传感器

为了同时实现对润滑油多信息的状态监测,开发了基于石英晶体微天平(QCM)的能同时监测润滑油黏度和磨损颗粒的复合传感器,并进行了传感器不同油温条件下的稳定性等系列实验。实验结果表明:该型传感器对润滑油黏度和磨损颗粒量的变化具有较高的线性响应和灵敏度,能准确测量润滑油黏度及磨损颗粒含量,且稳定可靠。     

基于高压油管外卡油压信号的柴油机实时转速测量方法研究

柴油机高压油管油压波形中包含了大量可作为供油系统故障诊断的特征参数和转速变化的信息,本文介绍了利用柴油机高压油管油压波形信号提取柴油机转速这一重要参数的方法,建立外卡油压信号采集系统,运用巴特沃斯低通滤波器对测量的高压油泵油压信号进行二次处理,对提取的转速进行平均,实验表明,这种检测方法有技、可行.     

考虑润滑油黏温效应的动压滑动轴承性能分析

滑动轴承的相关研究很多都基于等黏度的情况下,这与轴承的实际工作情况有较大的出入。使用计算流体力学FLUENT通过编写的黏温方程UDF程序进行动压滑动轴承润滑油黏度的计算,并考虑黏温效应对动压滑动轴承性能的影响,比较等黏度与变黏度情况下动压滑动轴承的油膜压力与承载力、油膜的轴向与周向温度分布。结果表明:在考虑黏温效应条件下,轴承的承载力、油膜压力、摩擦力均小于定黏度条件下,这是由于温度升高导致黏度降低,从而减小了油膜静压力和承载力;在轴承轴向方向上,从油膜中心位置向两端部,油膜温度逐渐升高;在轴承圆周方向上,从收敛区到发散区,油膜温度先升高后降低,油膜温度峰值出现在轴承发散区的端部位置。     

两种润滑脂中基础油提取方法的比较

为研究不同提取方法对锂基润滑脂中基础油提取效果的影响,采用12-羟基硬脂酸体系稠化基础油制备锂基润滑脂,然后采用石油醚提取法和压力分油提取法分别提取制备的润滑脂中的基础油,并分析2种不同方法提取的基础油与原稠化基础油在黏度、族组成、低温性能和组分构成方面的差别。结果表明：2种不同方法提取的基础油的红外谱图与稠化基础油的红外谱图基本一致,族组成和苯胺点也与稠化基础油基本一致;压力分油提取法提取的基础油的黏度、黏指、倾点和蒸发损失与稠化基础油一致;石油醚提取法提取的基础油的黏度与混合基础油中的小黏度基础油基本一致,黏指和倾点与润滑脂稠度相关,蒸发损失略大于原稠化基础油。对于润滑脂的剖析,2种方法结合使用可以得出较为准确的结果。