Shaped Insulating Refractory Products —— Determination of Bulk Density and True Porosity

1 Scope This standard specifies a method for the determination of the bulk density and t rue porosity of shaped insulating refractory products.1 Scope This standard specifies a method for the determi- nation of the bulk density and true porosity of shaped…     

Shaped Insulating Refractory Products —— Determination of Cold Crushing Strength

1 Scope This standard specifies a method for determination of the cold crushing strength of shaped insulating refractory products.1 Scope This standard specifies a method for determination of the cold crushing strength of shaped insulating re- fractory pr…     

Shaped Insulating Refractory Products ——Determination of Permanent Linear Change on Heating

GB/T 3997.1 -19981 ScopeThis standard covers the definition, technical re-quirement, apparatus, specimen, test procedure, cal-culation and test report on permanent linear change ofshaped insulating refractory products.It is applicable to determination of permanent lin-ear change on heating of shaped insulating refractoryproducts.2 Referenced DocumentsThe following standards contain provisions which,through reference in this text, constitute provisions ofthis standard. At time of publication,…     

Dense Shaped Refractory Products——Determination of Permeability to Gases GB/T 3000-1999

1 Scope This standard specifies a method for the measurement of the permeability to gases of dense, shaped refractory products.     

Dense Shaped Refractory Products——Determination of Permeability to Gases

GB/T3000-19991ScopeThis standard specifies a method for the measure-ment of the permeability to gases of dense,shaped re-fractory products.The method specified takes account of the dynam-ic viscosity of the gas,and therefore the results ob-tained may not …     

Shaped Refractory Products——Determination of Modulus of Rupture at Ambient Temperature GB/T 3001-2000

1 Scope This standard specifies a method for the determination of the modulus of rupture of dense and insulating shaped refractory products at ambient temperature, under conditions of a constant rate of increase of stress.     

Dense Shaped Refractory Products——Test Method of Linear Changes on Reheating GB/T 5988-1986

This Standard specifies methods for the determination of the linear changes on reheating of a dense shaped refractory product.     

Shaped Refractory Products Rules of Acceptance,Sampling and Inspection

正1 Scope This standard specifies the terms,definitions,symbols,preparation,implementation,decision rules of products quality and test reports of acceptance sampling and inspection of shaped refractory products.This standard applies to acceptance sampling and inspection of normal shaped refractory products.For abnormal(extra-heavy or extra-light in unit)and valuable shaped refractory products,the standard also applies.     

Bulk Density, Porosity and Resistance to Airflow of Garlic Slices

The bulk density of garlic slices at different moisture levels (ranging from approximately 3 to 65% MC wet basis) was determined by weighing the contents of a container of known volume. The porosity was calculated using its relationship with bulk and apparent densities. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that bulk density and porosity were affected significantly by moisture and slice thickness as well as the interaction of these variables. Bulk density varied in a positive linear fashion with moisture and thickness while a negative linear correlation was found for the calculated bulk porosity. The linear model met the adequacy criterion for characterising the behaviour of garlic. Using a laboratory unit, the vertical resistance to airflow through the product and the effect of misture and slice thickness were investigated for an airflow rates of 0.09 to 1.2 m₃/s-m₂. A higher resistance to airflow was noted for the wet product with the experimental data fitting to Shedd's model when the aifflow range was divided into two sub-flow rates and to a modified Ergun's equation for the full range.     

Bulk Density,Porosity and Resistance to Airflow of Garlic Slices

ABSTRACT

The bulk density of garlic slices at different moisture levels (ranging from approximately 3 to 65% MC wet basis) was determined by weighing the contents of a container of known volume. The porosity was calculated using its relationship with bulk and apparent densities. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that bulk density and porosity were affected significantly by moisture and slice thickness as well as the interaction of these variables. Bulk density varied in a positive linear fashion with moisture and thickness while a negative linear correlation was found for the calculated bulk porosity. The linear model met the adequacy criterion for characterising the behaviour of garlic. Using a laboratory unit, the vertical resistance to airflow through the product and the effect of misture and slice thickness were investigated for an airflow rates of 0.09 to 1.2 m₃/s-m₂. A higher resistance to airflow was noted for the wet product with the experimental data fitting to Shedd's model when the aifflow range was divided into two sub-flow rates and to a modified Ergun's equation for the full range.     

有机粉末真密度的测定

为了更快、更准确的测定有机粉末的真密度,本文详细介绍了利用比重瓶超声沉降法测定有机粉末的密度,并且讨论了影响测定结果的因素。对用比重瓶测定粉末密度的过程进行了详细的阐述,给出了密度的计算公式。最后,通过对直接浸润、压片、超声三种方法测定有机粉末真密度的结果进行比较,表明比重瓶超声法测得的结果更加精确。     

A Method for Determining Bulk Density,Material Density,and Porosity of Melter Feed During Nuclear Waste Vitrification

Glassmelting efficiency largely depends on heat transfer to reacting glass batch (melter feed), which in turn is influenced by the bulk density (ρ_b) and porosity (?) of the reacting feed as functions of temperature (T). Neither ρ_b(T) nor ?(T) functions are readily accessible from direct measurements. For the determination of ρ_b, we monitored the profile area of heated feed pellets and calculated the pellet volume using numerical integration. For the determination of ?, we measured the material density of feeds quenched at various stages of conversion via pycnometry and then computed the feed density at heat‐treatment temperature using thermal expansion values of basic feed constituents.