螺旋桨搅拌槽内湍流参数

在直径494和1600mm的平底有机玻璃槽内,利用一维恒温热膜风速仪测量了7种不同搅拌桨-槽体系中流体的时均速度、脉动速度、能谱函数、微分尺度以及湍流耗散等,对螺旋桨搅拌槽内湍流参数分布进行了详细的描述,研究了叶轮叶端安放角及离底距离对流动场的影响,并分析了放大过程对流动场的影响。     

螺旋桨搅拌槽内湍流运动测量及数据处理

螺旋桨搅拌槽内湍流运动测量及数据处理侯拴弟，王英琛，施力田（北京化工大学化学工程系，北京１０００２９）关键词搅拌槽，湍流运动，螺旋桨１前言轴流式搅拌槽常用于物料混匀、结晶、悬浮及催化反应等过程，是化工生产中重要的单元设备之一。纵观以往文献［１～３］，...     

轴流桨搅拌槽内完全湍流的研究

为研究轴流桨搅拌槽内完全湍流状况,采用相位多普勒粒子分析仪(PDPA)对MK和ZHX搅拌器进行流场测试,得到不同工况下的时均速度场分布.应用渐近不变性方法,选取适当的特征尺度,给出挡板处壁面射流的轴向速度相似剖面,确定用于评定槽内完全湍流界限的轴向速度分布曲线,建立了搅拌雷诺数与搅拌槽内完全湍流流动达到的高度之间的线性关系.结果表明,非全槽完全湍流状态下,槽上部会出现过渡流区;随雷诺数的增大,搅拌槽内完全湍流流动达到的高度增大;不同型式搅拌器的完全湍流流场所需的雷诺数不同,单层桨搅拌槽内达到全槽完全湍流需要很大的搅拌功率.     

双层翼型桨搅拌槽内流动特性的PIV研究

在直径0.476 m的搅拌槽内,采用粒子图像测速技术对双层三叶CBY翼型桨搅拌槽内的流场进行了研究,考察了层间距、浸没深度和离底高度等参数对流场分布的影响. 结果表明,层间距H2≤0.6T(T为搅拌槽直径)时,槽内可形成整体的轴向循环流动,H2≥0.7T时槽内将产生分区流动现象. 浸没深度对桨叶排出流区域的速度影响很小. 降低下层桨的离底高度能加强下层桨的径向流动,并增大上层桨叶轮区和循环区流体的轴向流动.     

几种框式桨搅拌槽内流动特性的比较研究

用粒子成像测速（PIV）技术对传统框式桨、传统框式组合桨和新型框式组合桨的流动特性进行研究,对比了三种框式桨在相同工况下搅拌槽内的速度、流型和湍动能。结果表明：传统框式桨搅拌槽内流体流动以水平环流为主,在框式桨上方和框式桨中间区域流体流动不充分;传统框式组合桨搅拌槽内框式桨上方由于二折叶桨的作用使得框式桨上部流体流速变大,槽内流体上下部的流动得到加强,但在框式桨中心区域依旧存在流动死区;新型框式组合桨搅拌槽内两层桨叶间的连接流得到了加强,框式桨底部和中间区域物质和能量的交换更加充分。在考察的三种框式桨中,新型框式组合桨的混合效果更好。研究结果可为新型框式组合桨应用于化工合成工业中提供参考。     

搅拌槽内的Rushton桨叶周围流场的PIV测量

In this paper, particle image velocimetry (PIV) was used to measure the mean and root mean square(RMS) velocity in the stirred tank with six-flat blade Rushton turbine and with no baffles. Two types of motion patterns were studied. One was that the impeller runs at constant speed, the other was that the impeller runs at time-dependent speed and in a periodic way. The emphasis of the paper was on the comparison of mean and RMS velocity vector maps and profiles between these two types of motion patterns, and especial attention was paid to the comparison of the mean velocity, time-averaged RMS velocity, phase averaged RMS velocity between the constant 3 RPS (revolution per second) and time-dependent operation. The Reynolds number was between 763 and i527. The study explained the mechanism that time-dependent RPS is more efficient for mixing than that of constant RPS.     

“波纹”内壁搅拌槽内的湍流流动特性

设计了一种“波纹”内壁搅拌槽,通过在内壁上安装一定数量的半圆管,以增强搅拌效果,并采用计算流体动力学方法对其内部流动特性进行了分析.通过与文献中的实验及模拟结果的比较,验证了所建数值模型及模拟方法的可靠性,随后对不同半圆管尺寸(半径)、数量和安装位置时搅拌槽内的流场结构和功率消耗进行了研究.结果表明,与标准搅拌槽相比,“波纹”内壁结构尽管不会明显增强流体的湍流程度,但能提高流体速度分布的均匀程度,而且功率消耗没有明显变化;当在搅拌槽内壁上均匀安装4根半径为搅拌槽直径1/20的半圆管时[LL1] ,能显著减少挡板后方及槽顶部流体的低速区.该结果为“波纹”内壁搅拌槽在过程工业中的应用奠定了基础.     

搅拌槽内三维流场的LDV测量

利用三维激光多普勒测速系统(3D-LDV)对搅拌槽内流场进行了湍流测量和流场分析,同时对测量系统和测量原理进行了介绍,给出了在偏心搅拌和中心搅拌时搅拌槽内的时均速度场分布和湍流度等实验结果.这些结果为搅拌槽的设计和放大提供了很有价值的实验依据.     

搅拌槽内三维流场的数值模拟

应用商业计算流体力学软件CFX对搅拌槽内的流场进行了模拟,并与PIV测试结果进行了比较,流型吻合良好.速度分量的对比结果表明不同情况与各种模型的吻合情况不尽相同,标准k-ε双方程模型、RNG k-ε模型和代数应力模型在主流域内都能较准确地模拟搅拌槽内的流动场.     

稀疏固液搅拌体系流动特性

引　言在固液两相搅拌反应器中 ,固体颗粒的运动行为直接影响到固液两相流的流体力学及传质特性 ,因此 ,近年来对固液两相体系中颗粒的运动行为研究愈来愈受到重视 .对于流体机械混合操作 ,许多情况下流动均处于湍流区域 ,涉及到多相态时 ,问题变得更为复杂 .颗粒和湍流的相互作用 ,很久以来一直是人们研究的基本问题之一[1～ 3] ,对有固体颗粒存在下液相流体速度及湍流脉动变化规律 ,也是研究人员和工程技术人员关注的重点 .现有文献中用激光测量搅拌槽内固液两相流动的数据很少 ,仅Ｎｏｕｒｉ[3] 测量了六直叶涡轮搅拌槽内固液两相速度分…     

Transitional flow in a Rushton turbine stirred tank

The way in which the single phase flow of Newtonian liquids in the vicinity of the impeller in a Rushton turbine stirred tank goes through a laminar‐turbulent transition has been studied in detail experimentally (with Particle Image Velocimetry) as well as computationally. For Reynolds numbers equal to or higher than 6000, the average velocities and velocity fluctuation levels scale well with the impeller tip speed, that is, show Reynolds independent behavior. Surprising flow structures were measured—and confirmed through independent experimental repetitions—at Reynolds numbers around 1300. Upon reducing the Reynolds number from values in the fully turbulent regime, the trailing vortex system behind the impeller blades weakens with the upper vortex weakening much stronger than the lower vortex. Simulations with a variety of methods (direct numerical simulations, transitional turbulence modeling) and software implementations (ANSYS‐Fluent commercial software, lattice‐Boltzmann in‐house software) have only partial success in representing the experimentally observed laminar‐turbulent transition. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 63: 3610–3623, 2017     

3-D hydrodynamics generated in a stirred vessel by a multiple-propeller system

The aim of this study is to optimize the position and the number of propellers in a non-standard tall vessel. Laser sheet flow visualization experiments were carried out for selected geometrical arrangements which produced stable flow patterns and good transport between the propellers. Four double-propeller arrangements corresponding to frequent industrial cases and a three-propeller system have been chosen. Comparison of LDA measurements in the r-z plane, dimensionless global parameters N_Qp, Nt_m, N_p, E_p and spatial distribution of local energy dissipation rate ? shows that a three-propeller system is the most efficient.     

化工搅拌釜内流动测量技术的应用进展

搅拌釜内的物料混合是一个有限空间中的复杂非定常湍流问题,且常伴有强烈的传质、传热乃至反应过程。搅拌混合过程中影响因素多,理论分析难度大,实验获取搅拌釜内整场流动信息是其机理研究和搅拌混合设备优化设计的重要手段。本文归纳了在搅拌混合研究中传统流动测量技术的应用,分析其各自优缺点,着重探讨了新一代全场光学测速技术——粒子图像速度场仪（PIV）在搅拌混合实验中的应用,指出PIV在搅拌混合研究中具有广泛应用前景。PIV具有很高的空间分辨率和时间解析度,可以得到搅拌釜中混合流体的瞬时2D或3D速度场以及浓度场和温度场等信息,进行非定常湍流特性研究,有助于建立搅拌釜内多相流动模型,验证数值模拟结果,实现搅拌釜的优化设计,从而促进化工搅拌技术的进一步发展。     

Scalar mixing measurements in a continuously operated stirred tank

An LIF (Laser induced flourescence) line scan system was used to obtain unobtrusive scalar concentration measurements in a continuously operated stirred tank agitated by a radial flow Rushton turbine and an axial flow 60°‐pitched blade impeller. A better blending process was generally achieved in the axial flow field, with macro‐ and micromixing in the radial flow field being most complete with fluid injected into the radial discharge jet, and in the axial flow field with fluid injected from above into the rotating impeller. Local concentration levels and fluctuations scaled with the feed pipe flow rate, and the degree of concentration uniformity throughout the tank scaled with the impeller speed and increased with the cube of the power input.     

Numerical simulation of turbulent solid–liquid two-phase flow and orientation of slender particles in a stirred tank

In this paper, turbulent solid–liquid two-phase flow involving slender particles in a tank stirred by standard Rushton turbines is simulated with two-fluid model using the improved inner–outer iterative method. Standard k–ε model is used to deal with turbulent flow. By comparison with the case of equivalent spherical particles, it is found that the flow field of slender particles is similar to that of spherical particles. The evolution of particle orientation as it follows the liquid flow in a stirred tank is modeled directly from the rigid slender rods revolution equation. Experiments about solid–liquid two-phase flow are also performed in a baffled tank using DPIV (digital particle image velocimetry). All simulation results are compared with experiments. The comparison between simulation and experiments confirms that the results are reliable. The good agreements between simulation and experiments verify the reliability of the methods employed in this paper. The influences of impeller speed on flow field and orientations are also investigated.     

侧进式搅拌釜内气液两相流的数值模拟

采用计算流体力学(CFD)技术对φ1.5 m×1.2 m侧进式气液搅拌釜内气液两相流场进行数值模拟,检验了3种气液分界面边界条件和两种相间曳力模型。通过UDF程序将上述模型分别与欧拉双流体模型和 dispersed k-ε 两相湍流模型进行耦合计算,得到搅拌功率准数、总体气含率和气相分布,并与冷模实验结果进行对比,得到能准确预测的CFD模型。研究结果表明,3种气液界面边界条件下采用标准S-N模型计算所得的功率准数和气体分布误差均较大,而Brucato-Tsuchiya模型的预测结果更接近实验结果;气液界面边界条件对总体气含率的预测影响较大,采用速度进口或脱气边界和Brucato-Tsuchiya模型耦合计算所得的结果误差比压力出口边界明显要小。     

Validation of CFD simulations of a stirred tank using particle image velocimetry data

Methods for validating CFD simulations based on the Reynolds Average Navier-Stokes equation (RANS) against Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) measurements are investigated and applied to one of the most common problems in the chemical process industry — the prediction of flow field in a stirred vessel. A total of 1024 sequential instantaneous 2D velocity fields along the central axial plane of a stirred vessel with a P-4 axial impeller are obtained through PIV measurement. From the PIV data, the mean velocity, turbulent kinetic energy, Reynolds stresses and dissipation rate fields are extracted. By introducing several tools to quantify the similarities and differences between two-dimensional fields, CFD predictions of the flow field are validated against PIV data. Furthermore, using PIV and LDV data, the effect of boundary conditions on CFD simulation results is examined. The effect of different Reynolds stress closures on the flow prediction is also studied.     

一种新型自吸式搅拌装置及其设计计算方法

提出一种新型的能将釜底液体连续喷洒在容器内壁形成液膜以提高传热速率的自吸式搅拌装置。从流体动力学的基本方程出发,推导出搅拌装置的设计计算方法。用水为介质在直径200 mm,高300 mm的外表面电热套加热的圆柱形敞口容器中分别在自吸式搅拌装置和普通螺旋桨叶轮搅拌下进行了对比蒸发实验。结果表明,采用自吸式搅拌装置可减少蒸发时间47%以上。     

不同推进式桨叶对搅拌反应器内气液两相混合特性的影响

为了研究不同推进式桨叶对搅拌反应器内气液两相混合特性的影响,以某搅拌反应器的推进式桨叶为研究对象,将搅拌聚合物简化为含5%气体的清水介质,基于螺旋桨叶片设计方法和CFD流场仿真技术,采用VOF多相流模型和RNG k-ε 湍流模型,对四种推进式桨叶内部气液两相流动进行数值分析,实现了推进式桨叶参数设计和性能优化。分析设计转速在400 r/min时的径向速度、0~18 s的时间范围内气体体积分数的变化、无量纲气体体积分数以及无量纲轴向速度,来评价四种推进式搅拌反应器搅拌性能的剪切、混合、分散。研究结果表明：变螺旋角(FDC-450-γ)非对称桨叶的流动更均匀、混合速率更快和剪切分散能力能强。通过对四种不同推进式桨叶的比较分析,为后续的研究和工程实践奠定了基础。     

搅拌槽内非牛顿流体的微观混合特性

在直径为0·476m的搅拌槽内,分别选用三窄叶翼型搅拌桨和标准六直叶涡轮搅拌桨,采用羟乙基纤维素(HEC)水溶液非牛顿流体作为工作体系,以改进的硫酸铜沉降反应与氯乙酸乙酯水解反应的平行竞争反应作为研究微观混合的反应工作体系,在质量分数为0·1%~0·5%的HEC水溶液中,排除硫酸铜副反应的影响,利用铜离子质量浓度与可见光吸光度的线性关系,考察了进料时间、搅拌转速、溶液黏度、流体的非牛顿性以及搅拌桨类型等因素对副产物收率(XQ)的影响规律。结果表明,当进料时间超过临界进料时间3500s后,X_Q不再改变;随着搅拌转速的增加,X_Q减小,但其减小的趋势逐渐变缓;在相同转速下,X_Q随着流体黏度的增加而增加,但增加的趋势有所减缓;对于黏性流体不能仅仅采用雷诺数作为放大准则;在相同的能量耗散速率及桨叶区进料的情况下,Damkohler准数较大的标准六直叶涡轮搅拌桨的X_Q较小。