高体积分数B4C/ZL101复合材料力学性能的研究

高体积分数颗粒增强金属基复合材料结合了陶瓷和金属的性能优势,具有轻质、高强、高模量的特点,是一种颇具应用前景的装甲材料,但此方面的报道研究较少。采用压力浸渗法制备了颗粒体积分数为50%、不同粒径的B4C/ZL101复合材料。结果表明,预制件温度为550℃、浸渗熔体温度为750℃时,采用压力浸渗可以得到颗粒分布均匀、致密度高的复合材料,组成相简单;复合材料的力学性能表明,B4C颗粒的粒径越小,复合材料的力学性能越好。当B4C颗粒粒径为3μm时,压缩强度、抗弯强度、布氏硬度分别可达1000MPa、640MPa、285HB。     

六硼化硅(SiB6)添加剂对B4C陶瓷致密化与力学性能的影响

采用热压烧结(2000℃保温1h)制备了添加2wt%和5wt%SiB6的B4C陶瓷,研究了SiB6不同添加量对B4C陶瓷致密化和力学性能的影响.结果表明: SiB6能有效地促进B4C的烧结,并有助于提高材料的力学性能. SiB6的添加量为2wt%时,B4C陶瓷的块体密度为2.515g/cm3,是理论密度的99.5%,抗折强度和硬度分别达到426.6MPa和31.2GPa. SiB6添加量增加为5wt%时,材料的密度为2.500g/cm3,强度和硬度分别下降为387MPa和29.7GPa.不同添加量对B4C陶瓷的断裂韧性的影响不明显,添加2wt%和5wt%SiB6的B4C陶瓷的K1C分别为3.20和3.28MPa·m1/2.文中还对烧结样品的物相和影响力学性能的原因进行了讨论.     

45钢上Ni-W-Co-B4C复合镀层的制备及其摩擦学性能

利用电沉积技术在45钢表面制备了Ni-W-Co-B4C复合镀层,并研究了油润滑磨损条件下Ni-W-Co-B4C复合镀层的磨损特性.结果表明,Ni-W-Co镀层磨损形貌中有很深的犁沟,局部并有黏着磨损的特征,镀层的抗磨损性能较差;加入B4C颗粒的Ni-W-Co-B4C复合镀层磨损形貌试验中的犁沟较浅,没有发现黏着磨损现象,但B4C颗粒与金属基体结合不牢,有颗粒脱落现象.B4C颗粒含量、大小和载荷都对复合镀层的耐磨性有影响.当镀层中含有20%(体积分数)的B4C颗粒时,磨损性能最好.     

碳热还原法制备部分石墨化的C/B_4C复合粉体

以炭黑和硼酸为原料,通过碳热还原法合成了部分石墨化的C/B4C复合粉体。考察了加热温度和硼酸添加量对C/B4C复合粉体合成过程的影响,采用X射线衍射和扫描电镜等方法对C/B4C复合粉体的物相及形貌进行了分析,利用热重法研究了C/B4C复合粉体的氧化性能。研究结果表明,随着加热温度的升高,复合粉体的石墨化度增大,B4C含量下降;随着硼酸加入量的增大,复合粉体中B4C含量及其石墨化度均增大;当炭黑和硼酸加入量分别为33.21%和66.79%时,经1900℃热处理所得复合粉体的石墨化度达23.26%,B4C含量为20.63%;与工业用B4C和炭黑的混合物相比,实验室合成的C/B4C复合粉体具有较好的抗氧化性能。     

CaZrO3包覆Ni超细复合粉体的制备及其抗氧化性研究

为了提高MLCC内电极材料用镍粉的抗氧化性,本研究进行了镍粉的表面改性研究.采用化学沉淀法在镍粉表面包覆CaC2O4-Zr(C2O4)2混合物前驱体后,通过高温热处理使镍粉表面的前驱体转变成了致密的CaZrO3.考察了制备条件,如包覆试剂加入方式、搅拌速度与时间、反应温度及前驱体热处理温度等对Ni/CaZrO3复合粉体抗氧化性的影响.利用扫描电镜(SEM)对样品的形貌进行了观察.结果表明,在最佳条件下制得的Ni/CaZrO3复合粉体具有良好的抗氧化性,在400℃,空气气氛中煅烧30分钟的氧化率约为4%.     

Mg2Si对Al2O3f/AZ91D复合材料硬度的影响

采用熔体浸渗法制备Al2O3f/AZ91D复合材料,发现有Mg2Si新相生成.利用SEM,XRD等手段对其成分和组成进行了分析,研究了粘结剂的加入量对材料硬度的影响.结果表明:随着硅溶胶量的不断增大,材料硬度随之增大,当硅溶胶加入量大于10%(质量分数)时,对材料硬度的影响较小,且不利于材料的其他力学性能.     

Fe—C—Cr—V—B系高铬堆焊合金的显微组织及耐磨性

采用药芯焊丝埋弧堆焊方法制备含有C 1 2%～1 8%(质量分数,下同),Cr 15%～20%,V 2 0%～3 0%,B 0%～1 0%的高铬堆焊合金.借助光学显微镜、扫描电镜和X射线衍射等分析手段,研究其显微组织及碳化物分布形貌,结果表明:其显微组织由α-Fe+γ-Fe+(Fe, Cr)7C3+ (Fe, Cr)3C+Fe3(C, B)+B4C等组成,加入B4C可显著细化该堆焊合金晶粒,降低α-Fe,γ-Fe基体组织的Cr,V等合金元素的固溶量,使碳化物(Fe, Cr)7C3数量增加且呈弥散分布.另外,考察了B4C含量对高铬堆焊合金硬度及耐磨性的影响,耐磨粒磨损实验结果表明其相对磨损系数是H25Cr3Mo2MnV堆焊合金的6～17倍,其中碳化物颗粒四周均匀分布的α-Fe等基体组织使其可承受较大的磨粒冲击而不脱落.     

原位生成CeB_6/B_4C陶瓷的力学性能和显微组织

通过B4C、CeO2和C的化学反应,采用原位生成法,在热压烧结的条件下制备了CeB6/B4C陶瓷材料.研究了CeB6/B4C陶瓷材料的力学性能和显微组织,并对其增韧机理进行了分析.结果表明:原位生成的CeB6/B4C陶瓷只有CeB6和B4C两相,其显微维氏硬度、抗弯强度、断裂韧性最大值分别达到40.64GPa、346.7MPa、5.95MPa·m1/2,比纯碳化硼分别提高了52.50%、17.96%、61.68%.原位生成的CeB6颗粒细晶增韧补强,B4C和CeB6颗粒之间热膨胀系数不匹配产生的残余应力导致的裂纹偏转以及沿晶断裂是CeB6/B4C陶瓷的主要增韧机制.     

稀土铈对热作模具钢TiN系离子镀涂层性能的改进

为了解决TiN涂层的膜/基结合力不够高和高温抗氧化性不足等问题,综合利用电弧离子镀和涂层合金化技术,在4Cr5MoV热作模具钢基体上制备了添加稀土元素Ce的TiN系涂层,测定了涂层的显微硬度、孔隙率、耐磨性及膜/基结合力,并做了恒温氧化试验和抗热震性试验,以研究稀土元素Ce对TiN,Ti(Al,V)N涂层的改性作用.试验结果表明,Ce的加入能提高涂层的耐磨性,显著提高涂层的膜/基结合力,使其高温抗氧化性和抗热震性明显改善,可大大提高4Cr5MoV钢涂层热作精密模具的使用寿命和使用效果.     

高能球磨法制备铜基电触头复合材料的研究

研究了高能球磨法在制备铜基电触头复合材料的工艺中对电触头的组织结构、力学性能和导电性能的影响,并对复合材料粉末中B4C颗粒的形貌、粒度以及在铜基体中的分布情况进行了研究.试验结果表明,高能球磨法对改变增强颗粒的形貌、改善增强颗粒体的分布均匀性非常有效,而且可以有效地提高触头材料的硬度和耐磨性.     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from