工业机器人精密减速器性能测试研究

介绍了工业机器人精密减速器性能测试的现状,对传动误差、回程误差、启动转矩、机械效率进行了分析,可以为工业机器人减速器的轴承游隙调整和装配工艺提供指导。     

“洛阳轴承”入选机器人研发“国家队”

<正>洛阳轴研科技股份有限公司最近成功竞标国家"863"计划项目"机器人用精密轴承研制及示范应用"并收到首批国拨经费。该项目力争通过3年攻关,使我国工业机器人轴承性能指标达到国际先进水平。该项目将针对国产机器人产业发展需求,开展机器人专用精密轴承设计、制造、测试、寿命试验等技术研究,研制等截面壁、交叉圆柱滚子两种系列轴承和RV减速器、谐波减     

RV减速器及其在机器人上的应用

RV减速器自1986年投入市场以来,作为机器人用减速器是刚性最高的低振动减速器,因而得到广泛使用。最近,在文献上发表的实例也相应增多,主要介绍其开发过程,各项性能等。本文简单介绍一下构造等问题,主要针对主轴承内装型RV减速器,说明其使用上的要点。     

本期导读

2020年第49卷第11期关键词柔性薄壁轴承P01 (约稿)谐波减速器是工业机器人核心部件之一,柔性薄壁轴承是谐波减速器的关键零部件,其性能与稳定直接影响减速器的性能。以往对柔性薄壁轴承应用特性的研究都是将其置于谐波减速器整体研究中进行粗略分析,无法结合其工作过程的变形及载荷交变特性开展深入研究,     

机器人用精密减速器性能试验工装夹具优化设计

机器人用精密减速器是连接伺服电机与机械臂的传动部件,是机器人的三大核心零部件之一。为了保障机器人整体的性能,必须对机器人用精密减速器的性能进行全面的评测。常见的机器人用精密减速器性能试验台分为驱动模块、被试件安装模块和负载模块。其中,位于驱动端与负载端之间且被频繁更换的被试件安装模块的结构直接影响整个测试系统的同轴度和运行稳定性。介绍减速器性能试验台的结构特点,提出减速器被试件模块工装优化设计方案。大量装配测试证明,改进后的工装能使RV-E型减速器在装配过程中更容易达到高同轴度要求,在测试过程中运行更加平稳。     

精密RV减速器受力分析

机器人RV减速器中摆线轮,轴承是RV减速器的重要零部件,其受力大小有较大影响。以RV-80E减速器为研究对象,对摆线轮与摆线轮支撑轴承,进行受力分析计算,并使用UG软件进行运动仿真,验证其受力准确性。得出轴承受力与曲柄轴角度,摆线轮针齿受力变化曲线,为相关研究RV减速器零件的优化分析和应用提供了数据支持。     

RV减速器用轴承的受力分析

针对RV减速器用轴承设计过程中存在受力状况难以确定的问题,从RV减速器的运动原理出发,结合减速器的结构特点及理论力学,对3类轴承的受力状况进行分析。研究表明,RV减速器内部角接触球轴承受力最大,保持架组件次之,圆锥滚子轴承受力最小。     

机器人用减速器性能测试方法探讨

通过论述国内外机器人减速器性能检测技术研究现状，对比了与国外的差距，分析了机器人用谐波减速器和机器人用精密齿轮传动装置标准方法差异。选取机器人用谐波和RV减速器，对精密减速器的扭转刚度、传动效率两个关键性能指标的测试方法进行探讨，并对其测试方法进行了验证。通过探讨，结论是现行国标对机器人精密减速器的性能测试方法的规定不统一，机器人用精密减速器的扭转刚度和传动效率值都与角位移和转矩这两个基本参数相关，测量设备本身的精度和设计方法影响测量结果，设备标准化、集成化、智能化方面仍有较大发展空间。     

工业机器人RV减速器专用精密轴承技术分析

介绍RV减速器轴承的分类,分别从轴承的结构类型、应用特性、材料及加工难点3个方面对RV减速器用主轴承、摆线轮支承轴承、偏心轴支承轴承及太阳轮支承轴承进行分析探讨,重点论述了RV减速器轴承的各项技术特性。     

刮板输送机用大功率行星减速器故障分析

通过对煤矿井下工作面刮板输送机用大功率行星减速器输入、输出端油封和轴承失效等常见故障产生的原因进行深层次分析,研究出解决密封和轴承失效的措施和故障预判方法。改进后的减速器经过两年多的实际应用,密封和轴承失效问题减少,效果非常显著。实践证明这些措施能降低工作面刮板输送机用大功率行星减速器密封和轴承失效的问题,减少了密封和轴承失效造成齿轮、轴承、密封件等关键部件的二次破会,降低了减速器维护成本。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

Limits of topographic measurement by the scanning tunnelling and atomic force microscopes

Parameters describing the topographic character of a surface (height, surface wavelength, slope and curvature) can be derived from equivalent sinusoidal profiles. The response of a surface-measuring instrument may be modelled in terms of instrument parameters such as stylus radius, and scanning range and resolution. The performance of the instrument may then be mapped as a zone in amplitude-wavelength (AW) space to show the sinusoidal profiles it is capable of measuring. In a first-order analysis the STM and AFM are considered as equivalent to contact-stylus instruments with a notional stylus radius equal to the tip radius plus the gap. Comparisons between different instruments and types of instrument are readily made by mapping in AW space. The error arising from convolution of the sinusoidal profile with that of the finite tip may be quantified and plotted as contours in AW space.     

Fractional order nonsingular terminal sliding mode control for flexible spacecraft attitude tracking

This paper investigates a fractional terminal sliding mode control for flexible spacecraft attitude tracking in the presence of inertia uncertainties and extern...     

奥氏体不锈钢表面双辉等离子渗锆的动力学

利用双辉等离子渗金属技术在0Cr18Ni9Ti奥氏体不锈钢表面制备了一层均匀、致密、呈良好冶金结合的渗锆合金层,并对1 060℃下的渗锆动力学进行了研究。结果表明:随着距锆合金层表面距离的增加,锆元素的含量呈梯度递减,扩散系数逐渐减小,而扩散激活能逐步增大;在1 060℃采用双辉等离子技术渗锆时,渗锆合金层表层的空位密度为2.945×(1012~1013)cm-2,与相同温度下采用常规渗金属工艺相比,提高了1~2个数量级。     

气化炉三维扫描测量与数据处理

以德士古气化炉耐火砖的内壁蚀损检测设备为基础,对采集到的点云数据做了进一步处理.通过对数据的筛选和剔除,实现了数据点的平滑降噪细化和精简.然后利用点云对整、网格划分和分色显示等方法,最终完成了内壁腐蚀情况的三维建模.重点讨论了点云数据的预处理及后处理的方法,并根据内壁耐火砖的腐蚀阈值,提出了一种气化炉内壁腐蚀区域的识别与分割方法.对耐火砖的腐蚀分析、气化炉的生产与维修提供了可靠依据,并在工程应用中获得了一致认可.