同轴双通道喷嘴雾化滴径沿轴向分布特性

Experiments were performed on the breakup of water droplets in a coaxial twin-fluid air-blast atomizer by a high-speed gas stream.With the measurements of Sauter mean diameter（SMD）distributions at a downstream distance of the atomizer,the droplet size was found first to decrease,reaching a minimum,and then to increase monotonically with the downstream distance.Correlation of L_c where the minimum droplet size appeared as a function of aerodynamic Weber number and liquid Reynolds number was analyzed.The growth rate of droplet size passes by L_c downstream increased with increasing water velocity,and the relationship between SMD and x/D_g accurately reflected the increasing trend of droplet size.     

Morphology of alumina granules obtained by spray freeze drying with twin-fluid atomization

This study presents the results of the morphological dependence of alumina granules obtained by spray freeze drying (SFD) with twin-fluid atomization. It is shown that the introduction of 1-, 2- and 4-wt.% polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as a binder in an alumina suspension leads to the formation of irregular granules. Depending on atomization conditions, spherical, “tadpole-like,” granule-satellite and granule aggregates may form during SFD. Increasing the flight time of droplets before the fixing of their shape when they come in contact with liquid nitrogen effectively contributes to the spheroidization of alumina granules. Compacting PVA-free SFD granules leads to the formation of diagonal flaws in a green-body structure. Adding PVA prevents the abovementioned defects by increasing the strength of alumina granules. Increasing the amount of PVA leads to an increase in “tadpole-like” granule content and, consequently, a decrease in a green-body density.     

内混式二相流喷嘴流量特性

结合相关理论,以水、润滑油和十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)溶液作为液体介质,详细研究了操作参数(气液比)和液体物性(粘度、表面张力)对一种典型的内混式二相流喷嘴流量特性的影响,通过对实验数据的分析得出了一些重要结论。随着液体介质粘度的增加,气液压力要随之增加,而表面张力的增加,气液压力基本上保持不变。根据大量的实验数据,回归出了内混式雾化喷嘴的液体流量系数的经验关联式。     

同轴双通道气流式雾化喷嘴初次雾化过程

对同轴双通道气流式雾化喷嘴的初次雾化过程进行了实验研究,发现在初次雾化过程中,初始微小扰动经过一段距离（即未扰动长度）后,在液体射流表面发展成为可以观察到的不稳定波.当气速U_g超过一临界值（大约25 m·s^-1）时,在不稳定波的波峰附近,形成小的突起,这些突起迅速被拉成细长液丝,液丝进一步破裂成液滴,最终导致液体的初次雾化.同时得到不稳定波长λ_m与环隙通道出口气速U_g、中心通道出口水速U_L的关系为λ_m＝68.60 U^-0.79_gU^-0.24_L;未扰动长度L_u与气速U_g、水速U_L的关系为L_u＝783.8 U^-1.54_gU^-0.16_L.     

Preconcentration of trace elements by adsorption onto a niobium wire for electrothermal atomization atomic absorption spectrometry with a tungsten tube atomizer

In the present work, a new preconcentration method of trace elements by adsorption onto a niobium wire has been developed for electrothermal atomization atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS) with a tungsten tube atomizer. Detection limits (pg·mL^–1) by this method combined with ETAAS were 45 for bismuth, 7.0 for cadmium, 20 for copper, 1.3 for gold, 36 for lead, 65 for manganese, 9.5 for rhodium and 19 for silver.     

水煤浆气力式静电雾化喷嘴设计及雾化流场形貌

借鉴已有的常规水煤浆气力式雾化喷嘴的研究与应用成果,设计了新型的气力式静电雾化喷嘴。在此基础上搭建了以环电极感应充电方式的水煤浆静电雾化实验台,利用激光粒子成像速度仪(PIV)上的CCD相机对其静电雾化流场的形貌进行实验观察,获取其荷电射流雾化角度随外加电场增加的变化情况;并利用激光粒子动态分析仪(PDA)系统分别获得流场轴线上以及轴线150 mm处横截面的透浆率随环电极电压的变化情况。实验结果表明:在感应电场的作用下,荷电喷雾流场随外加电场的增加而扩展,射流雾化角在42°—65°变化,且随充电电压的上升略呈一定的指数规律增加;水煤浆雾滴在射流轴线附近聚集的现象得以改善,浆滴在雾炬空间的弥散愈加均匀,可在一定程度上解决水煤浆雾炬核心区贫氧燃烧的难题。     

Microscopic and macroscopic atomization characteristics of a pressure-swirl atomizer,injecting a viscous fuel oil

Combustion of heavy fuels is one of the main sources of greenhouse gases, particulate emissions, ashes, NOxand SOx. Gasification is an advanced and environmentally friendly process that generates combustible and clean gas products such as hydrogen. Some entrained flow gasifiers operate with Heavy Fuel Oil(HFO) feedstock. In this application, HFO atomization is very important in determining the performance and efficiency of the gasifiers.The atomization characteristics of HFO(Mazut) discharging from a pressure-swirl atomizer(PSA) are studied for different pressures difference(Δp) and temperatures in the atmospheric ambient. The investigated parameters include atomizer mass flow rate( _m), discharge coefficient(CD), spray cone angle(θ), breakup length(Lb), the unstable wavelength of undulations on the liquid sheet(λs), global and local SMD(sauter mean diameter) and size distribution of droplets. The characteristics of Mazut sheet breakup are deduced from the shadowgraph technique. The experiments on Mazut film breakup were compared with the predictions obtained from the liquid film breakup model. Validity of the theory for predicting maximum unstable wavelength was investigated for HFO(as a highly viscous liquid). A modification on the formulation of maximum unstable wavelength was presented for HFO. SMD decreases by getting far from the atomizer. The measurement for SMD and θ were compared with the available correlations. The comparisons of the available correlations with the measurements of SMD andθ show a good agreement for Ballester and Varde correlations, respectively. The results show that the experimental sizing data could be presented by Rosin-Rammler distributions very well at different pressure difference and temperatures.     

双流体管道喷雾系统的计算和评述

分析了新型干法预分解窑广泛采用的增湿塔雾化系统所存在的水压大、喷嘴磨损大、水滴蒸发时间长等缺陷;介绍了双流体管道喷雾系统具有结构简单、水滴直径小,需蒸发时间短,占地空间小等优势;并进行了双流体管道喷雾系统的管道直径和水滴蒸发时间的设计计算;最后列举了双管道喷雾系统用于窑头烟气降温调质处理的实际应用效果。     

我国高速雾化机的进展及与国外雾化机性能的比较

叙述了我国高速旋转式雾化机的发展过程，介绍了我国生产的9种规格雾化机的特性，从设计制造及使用等方面与国外同类型产品作了比较，指出了我国产品与国外产品的不同点、差距及其改进方向。     

以蜂窝陶瓷为载体的燃烧催化剂研究

采用蜂窝状载体,在蜂窝陶瓷基质上涂以助剂,制备了Pt-Pd为活性组分催化剂,考察了催化剂对CO、HC的净化效果及蜂窝催化剂的耐热性能。结果表明,添加助剂对催化剂的活性有很大的影响,可使HC的催化燃烧活性得到显著的提高;相对于无助剂催化剂,其丙烯的最低全转化温度降低了70℃。表明蜂窝Pt-Pd,助剂/A l2O3是一个很有应用潜力的低温烃类燃烧贵金属催化剂。     

引射雾化喷嘴性能研究

对新型引射雾化喷嘴的流量系数、雾化角、雾粒分布均匀性进行了研究,提出了喷嘴流量系数、雾化角、雾粒大小计算方法。研究表明,这些方法的计算结果与实际很接近,对新型引射雾化喷嘴的设计计算十分有益,具有重要的工程意义。     

新型扇形雾化喷嘴的实验研究

在对Y型喷嘴结构和雾化机理研究分析的基础上,设计了一种新型的扇形雾化喷嘴,并对该喷嘴进行了实验研究. 实验测量了不同气、液压力下扇形雾化喷嘴的流量、雾化角和索特尔平均粒径及其在空间上的横向和纵向分布. 通过对液流量用Y型喷嘴设计公式进行拟合,得到了公式中适合扇形雾化喷嘴设计的系数取值：m=0.39, b=0.98. 喷雾雾化角a大约在90o~98o之间,变化不大. 喷雾的索特尔平均粒径在空间横向呈类似"W"的分布,在空间纵向呈逐渐降低并趋于稳定的分布.     

螺旋雾化器加装引射式喷射器的实验对比研究

对螺旋雾化器加装引射式喷射器前后的雾化效果进行了对比实验研究,并利用高速摄影仪拍得了加装前后雾化效果的照片。从实验现象中可以看出,加装引射式喷射器后螺旋雾化器雾化效果有了显著的提高。对比所拍摄的照片并给出了初步的理论分析,从理论上解释了气水两相流中气泡内能在水流的雾化中起到的重要作用。     

二甲醚催化燃烧研究的进展

介绍了近年来二甲醚作为一种清洁能源的研究状况，进行了二甲醚的催化燃烧研究的初探。通过对贵金属、金属氧化物和六铝酸盐等催化剂应用于二甲醚催化燃烧的比较，发现六铝酸盐最具研究应用前景。     

Effervescent atomization under sub-sonic and choked conditions—a theoretical approach

Spray formation of a bi-component mixture under sub- and choked-flow conditions has been studied. Special attention has been drawn to the processes inside the atomizer, i.e., the expansion chamber and two orifices. The relevant processes, which include the pressure drop at the inlet orifice, nuclei formation, bubble growth inside the expansion chamber, pressure drop at the discharge orifice, the velocity slip between the bubbles and the liquid bulk, and the flow regime (sub- and choked-flow) at the discharge orifice, have been analyzed by using a one-dimensional model approach.Three different operating regions have been identified. In the 1st, when the inlet to discharge orifices' diameter ratio is small, subsonic flow is anticipated, and no noticeable slip between the bubbles and the bulk liquid is expected. As the orifices' diameter ratio increases, the slip becomes more and more significant (2nd region). When the pressure at the expansion chamber exceeds the critical pressure, the flow chokes, and the slip maximizes. Further increase results in maximum slip (3rd region).The two main roles of the expansion chamber were described: (a) to provide the required time for the bubbles to grow till one bubble touches the other, and (b) to provide the discharge orifice with a well-mixed mixture to allow dominant flashing enhanced by shear stress disintegration. Optimized operation conditions for best atomization, optimized expansion chamber volume, and optimized orifices' diameter ratio are proposed in terms of the thermodynamic properties of the mixture.     

原煤自燃特性的试验研究

介绍了电加热柱形原煤自燃试验台测试原煤煤堆自燃性能的方法,并将测试结果与已有的判别指标进行了对比分析,指出了煤的品级对煤自燃特性的影响,并得出基于基本煤质参数的简易自燃判别指标。     

Experimental investigation and model improvement on the atomization performance of single-hole Y-jet nozzle with high liquid flow rate

Y-jet nozzle, as an efficient multi-hole internal-mixing twin-fluid atomizer, has been widely used for liquid fuel spray in many industrial processes. However, single-hole Y-jet nozzle with high liquid flow rate is indispensable in some confined situations due to a small spray cone angle. In this paper, the atomization performance of single-hole Y-jet nozzles with high liquid mass flow rates ranging from 400 to 1500 kg/h for practical semidry flue gas desulfurization processes was investigated by the laser particle size analyzer, and the effects of spray water pressure, atomizing air pressure and air to liquid mass flow ratio on the liquid mass flow rate and the droplet size distribution were analyzed. Moreover, the secondary atomization model was modified on the basis of previous random atomization model of Y-jet nozzle. The predicted results agreed well with the experimental ones, and the improved atomization model of Y-jet nozzle was well validated to design the nozzle geometry and to predict the droplet size distributions for single-hole Y-jet nozzle with high liquid mass flow rate.     

黏弹性对液体初次雾化特性的影响

以糖浆溶液和糖浆聚合物溶液为液相介质、空气为气相介质,采用同轴双通道气流式雾化喷嘴研究黏弹性对液体初次雾化特性的影响,根据高速摄像拍摄的图片对雾化模式进行研究,并重点探讨了液柱表面的不稳定特性。研究结果表明,两种液相介质的初次雾化可分为非轴对称振荡模式、膜破裂模式和拉丝破裂模式,糖浆聚合物溶液各个破裂模式的边界Weber数大于同等黏度的糖浆溶液。液体表面的不稳定波长与气速及液体自身的黏弹性密切相关,在考虑边界层影响的不稳定波长理论模型的基础上引入弹性参数Wi,并通过数据拟合得到新的不稳定波长关系式。     

Experimental studies of air-blast atomization on the CO2 capture with aqueous alkali solutions

In this work, an air-blast atomizing column was used to study the CO₂ capture performance with aqueous MEA (mono-ethanol-amine) and NaOH solutions. The effects of gas flow rate, the liquid to gas ratio (L/G), the CO₂ concentration on the CO₂ removal efficiency (η) and the volumetric overall mass transfer coefficient (K_Ga_v) were investigated. The air-blast atomizing column was also compared with the pressure spray tower on the studies of the CO₂ capture performance. For the aqueous MEA and NaOH solutions, the experimental results show that the η decreases with increasing gas flow rate and CO₂ concentration while it increases with increasing L/G. The effects on K_Ga_v are more complicated than those for η. When the CO₂ concentration is low (3 vol%), K_Ga_v increases with increasing gas flow rate while decreases with increasing L/G. However, when the CO₂ concentration is high (9.5 vol%), as the gas flow rate and L/G increases, K_Ga_v increases first and then decreases. The aqueous MEA solution achieves higher η and K_Ga_v than the aqueous NaOH solution. The air-blast atomizing column shows a good performance on CO₂ capture.     

Diagnostics of acoustic properties of the combustion zone by means of periodic changes in the nozzle throat area

A mathematical model is proposed, which allows calculating the amplitude of forced pressure oscillations in the combustor of a liquid-propellant rocket engine, caused by periodic changes in the nozzle throat area, with allowance for acoustic properties of the combustion zone. Results calculated for some particular cases are given. __________ Translated from Fizika Goreniya i Vzryva, Vol. 44, No. 6, pp. 12–17, November–December, 2008.