Modified parallel-coupled filter with two independently controllable upper stopband transmission zeros

A microstrip cross-coupled filter with two independently controllable transmission zeros on upper stopband is presented. The initial filter structure is a conventional Chebyshev-response parallel-coupled filter that can be easily realized by the analytical method. The newly proposed coupling/shielding lines can effectively control the cross and main couplings without changing the original filter layout. This approach allows a designer to eliminate the tedious segmentation method, which is usually used to establish the relation between the coupling coefficient and physical distance between resonators. A three-order filter is designed and fabricated for demonstration.     

Synthesis of filters with transmission zeros at real frequencies bymeans of trisections including source/load to resonator coupling

Filter synthesis based on trisections is extended to the case where coupling is between the source/load (input/output ports) and the resonators. Using this coupling, two transmission zeros can be placed at different real frequencies (jw axis of the complex plane) and independently controlled. For odd order filters: a new network transformation between the ladder network and the equivalent trisection is proposed. To validate the above transformation, a fifth degree two-trisection filter has been synthesised     

源与负载感性交叉耦合的小型介质滤波器

为了提高滤波器的阻带衰减,研究了源与负载感性交叉耦合的小型介质滤波器。首次提出一种新概念：将源和负载看作准谐振器。以贴片电感作为源与负载之间、源与第二个谐振器之间的交叉耦合元件,两个准谐振器和两个介质谐振器可构成级联四节(CQ),一个准谐振器和两个介质谐振器可构成级联三节(CT)。分析了传输零点的位置,详细讨论了这种滤波器结构的设计方法。采用介电常数为80的介质陶瓷组装了3个两级介质滤波器,并进行测试,结果表明传输零点的个数和位置与仿真设计相符合。滤波器的体积小,均为14 mm×6.5 mm×10 mm。     

Implementing transmission zeros in inductive-window bandpassfilters

Transmission zeros are usually implemented in microwave filters as extracted poles, or with cross couplings between nonadjacent cavities. Recent work, however, indicates that, for inductive band-pass filters, higher order-mode excitation can be usefully exploited for the purpose of creating transmission zeros. In this paper we describe a new cavity configuration that can be used to introduce transmission zeros in the electrical performance of microwave filters based on thick inductive windows in rectangular waveguides using the higher order-mode interactions. One transmission zero per filter cavity can be introduced and its frequency location can be easily controlled adjusting suitable geometrical parameters. The basic principle is discussed in detail and a computer aided design procedure is also presented. Finally, several application examples are included indicating how the new cavity design can indeed be used to improve the performance of this class of filters     

A Compact Open-Loop Filter With Mixed Electric and Magnetic Coupling

A novel cascaded microstrip open-loop resonator filter with controllable electric and magnetic mixed coupling is presented to have one or more transmission zeros. For two coupled resonators, the coupled sides with the maximum magnetic field are combined with their open gaps with the maximum electric field, creating the electric and magnetic mixed coupling. By adjusting the distances between resonators and the positions of open gaps in a mixed coupled filter, the coupling coefficients can be changed, and controllable transmission zeros can be produced in the lower stopband, upper stopband, or both. Design and fabrication of the proposed second-and fourth-order filters show the advantages: such as a smaller number of resonators, higher rejection level, as well as asymmetrical response; moreover, the location of the transmission zeros can be precisely controlled.     

一种新型广义交叉耦合滤波器的设计

含广义交叉耦合的N个谐振器滤波器,即含源-负载交叉耦合的滤波器能产生N个传输零点,通过给出这种滤波器的等效网络模型和传输函数,设计了两种新颖六边形结构的含源-负载交叉耦合的微带滤波器,一种为对称结构,一种为非对称结构.对其进行了仿真分析,仿真结果与理论值吻合较好.与传统两腔发夹形滤波器相比,这种两腔六边形结构的滤波器尺寸要缩小27.5%,频率选择性更高.     

Synthesis of an in-line prototype filter with two transmission zeros without cross couplings

This letter describes a method for synthesizing a general in-line prototype filter presenting one or two transmission zeros without using cross couplings; the basic topology is constituted by resonators coupled through inverters, with input and/or output taken at the second and/or last but one resonators. In this case, the first and last resonators, tuned at frequencies in the stopband, produce two zeros in the transfer function. It is shown that, even if it is not possible to exactly synthesize this structure with extracted poles techniques, an approximated design procedure can be derived; the procedure is based on the synthesis of a low pass prototype with multiple couplings starting from source and/or load, followed by suitable network transformations. This design technique can be easily implemented in case of classical combline or interdigital filters.     

Wide Stopband Parallel-Coupled Stacked SIRs Bandpass Filters With Open-Stub Lines

In this letter, spurious passband suppression in parallel-coupled stacked stepped-impedance-resonators (SIRs) bandpass filters (BPFs) by means of open-stub lines is proposed and implemented. These filters are composed of parallel-coupled stacked SIRs and open stubs. Moreover, the structure with tapped feeding is employed to create transmission zeros near both sides of the passband skirt. The proposed structure can improve the harmonic suppression so that a wide upper stopband with a satisfactory attenuation level would appear in this BPF. Measured results of the fabricated circuits show that the idea works very well     

一种改变交叉耦合极性的新方法

提出了一种用传输线在微带交叉滤波器和腔体交叉滤波器中实现交叉耦合极性改变的新方法。在微带交叉耦合滤波器中运用180°电长度的传输线实现源与非相邻谐振器的耦合,可使交叉耦合极性由容性变为感性。在腔体交叉耦合滤波器中,使用180°左右电长度的传输线,可使传输零点从阻带高端移动到阻带低端。讨论了不同电长度的传输线对交叉耦合的影响,通过调节传输线的电长度,控制传输零点的位置,提高滤波器的带外抑制。这种改变耦合极性的方法,可以用同一耦合方式获得任意位置的传输零点,给滤波器设计提供了更大的自由度。     

含源-负载耦合的准椭圆函数滤波器小型化优化设计

提出一种新型含源-负载耦合的交叉耦合微带带通滤波器,该滤波器的传输特性由分布在介质上下表面的开环谐振器通过引入位于两介质层中间公共地板上的开缝耦舍得到,且将位于顶层的源引入底层,实现了层间源、负载的容性耦合,确保了带外的传输零点,并对源、负载间的耦合进行了等效电路分析。与传统边缘耦合的平面结构滤波器相比,体积减小为原来的一半,且带外抑制良好。三维仿真软件HFSS用来计算该滤波器的耦合系数,并协同Ansoft公司的Designer,通过对参数的提取来迭代优化该滤波器,有效地减少了滤波器的优化时间。对滤波器进行了仿真与实测,其结果表明,实测与理论值、仿真值吻合较好。     

Miniature CPW Parallel-Coupled Bandpass Filter Based on Inductive Loaded Coupled-Lines and Lumped-Element J-Inverters

This study presents a compact coplanar-waveguide (CPW) parallel-coupled bandpass filter (BPF) with good selectivity and stopband rejection. The inductive terminations are introduced to the conventional anti-parallel coupled-lines, and lumped-element J-inverters are employed, to achieve both size reduction and spurious suppression. Additionally, the inductive cross-coupling effect is introduced to obtain two transmission zeros to enhance the selectivity. Suitable equivalent-circuit model is also established as effective design tool. Specifically, this work demonstrates a compact cross-coupled fourth-order BPF in grounded-CPW configuration. Compared to the conventional filters, the proposed filters exhibit over 65% size reduction, improved selectivity, and wider stopbands up to four times the center frequency     

基于LTCC技术的椭圆函数低通滤波器设计

随着无线通信领域的快速发展,人们对微波滤波器性能的要求也越来越高。文章根据滤波器的分类和特点,研究了集总元件滤波器引入传输零点的规律和方法,分析并对比了三种不同类型低通滤波器的衰减特性。根据设计指标要求,基于LTCC技术设计了一款高性能小型化的椭圆函数七阶低通滤波器。滤波器的等效电路包括串联支路中的4个电感和并联支路中的3个LC谐振腔,共10个元件。通过对滤波器模型物理结构的优化,减小了滤波器内部元件间的寄生耦合效应,并在阻带中成功引入了传输零点,改善了滤波器的性能。     

Realization of transmission zeros in combline filters using an auxiliary inductively coupled ground plane

The out-band transmission zeros of the multilayer low-temperature co-fired ceramic bandpass filter are studied. The design target of this filter, with passband between 2.3-2.65 GHz (the true application is 2.4-2.483 GHz), is to reject the local oscillator and image signals and, in the mean time, to suppress the harmonic frequency. This filter is a modified three-pole combline filter, which can easily achieve a high rejection rate and low insertion loss. The source-load coupling capacitor incorporation with cross-coupling grounding inductors can generate three transmission zeros. By properly adjusting the inductance values of the inductors between three resonators and ground the transmission zero can easily be manipulated at a high-side skirt to suppress the harmonic frequency. The measured results match well with the electromagnetic simulation that provides evidence for the feasibility of the proposed design.     

Novel compact parallel-coupled microstrip bandpass filters with lumped-element K-inverters

Novel compact parallel-coupled microstrip bandpass filters are proposed by using additional lumped inductors to realize K-inverters between coupled-line sections to achieve an equivalent to the quarter-wavelength (/spl lambda//4) resonator filters. As a result, the filter order can be doubled without increasing the circuit area, and no repeated passband is observed at twice the center frequency. In addition, by introducing the cross-coupling effect, two transmission zeros at upper and lower stopbands may be created. Simple equivalent-circuit models are also established as effective design tools. Specifically, several compact fourth-order microstrip bandpass filters with good stopband rejection are implemented and carefully examined.     

一种高抑制小型化带通滤波器

该文提出了一种具有3个传输零点的高带外抑制小型化带通滤波器。通过耦合控制可在梳状线滤波器响应中引入3个传输零点。通过源/负载耦合和传输线上刻蚀的马刺线可降低带外抑制,使滤波器获得更好的性能。设计并制作了一款小型化带通滤波器实物,仿真结果表明,该文设计的滤波器工作中心频率和相对带宽分别为2.12 GHz和20%,该滤波器的回波损耗优于40 dB,插入损耗小于0.2 dB,带外抑制小于40 dB。此外,该滤波器还具有结构简单紧凑、易加工等特点,实物测试结果与仿真结果基本一致。     

An Inline Coaxial Quasi-Elliptic Filter With Controllable Mixed Electric and Magnetic Coupling

Based on the concept of using controllable mixed electric and magnetic coupling to design planar filters in our earlier work, we propose a novel inline coaxial filter, in which the electric and magnetic coupling can be separately controlled. Due to this controllable mixed coupling, the filter can operate with a quasi-elliptic characteristic. By modifying resonator structure and inserting additional coupling components, the filter size is substantially reduced and the coupling becomes more easily controllable, thus being able to produce a highly selective filter with a compact size. In addition, asymmetric response can be easily achieved. For the $N$-order filter, a maximum of $N - 1$ finite transmission zeros can be realized.      

一种新颖微带双通带带通滤波器的设计方法

本文提出了一种新颖的微带双通带带通滤波器的设计方法。该微带双通带滤波器由两个中心频率不同的滤波器组成,并采用耦合线实现外部耦合。设计中引入源与负载之间的耦合,得到了额外的有限频率传输零点,改善了滤波器的衰减特性。通过调节源与负载之间耦合的强弱,可以适当地调节传输零点的位置。经设计并加工了一款4阶微带开环结构双通带滤波器,实测响应与仿真响应吻合较好,验证了该方法的有效性。     

Pseudo-elliptic microstrip line filters with zero-shifting properties

The paper presents a new design of pseudo-elliptic microstrip line filters. These filters employ a coupling scheme which allows shifting of transmission zeros from one side of the passband to the other by only changing the resonant frequencies of the resonators. To demonstrate the performance of these filters, a fourth-order bandpass filter with one transmission zero in the upper stopband is first designed. A second filter with a transmission zero in the lower stopband is then designed by simply adjusting the lengths of the resonators followed by minor optimization to account for the fact that the resonant frequencies can not be changed without slightly affecting the coupling coefficients in the used layout. Measured and simulated results are presented.     

Direct synthesis of a new class of bandstop filters

A direct synthesis technique of a new class of bandstop coupled resonator elliptic filters is presented. Two different coupling schemes, which both include source-load coupling are used. The first coupling and routing scheme is the standard folded structure used in implementing bandpass elliptic filters with N transmission zeros using N resonators. The second coupling scheme is identical to the multipath parallel structure, which was recently introduced for the synthesis of fully elliptic bandpass filters. In both cases, the source and load are directly coupled by an inverter in order to generate the required transmission zeros. It is shown that, for each coupling scheme, two distinct solutions that are not related by a similarity transformation exist. Furthermore, the two solutions both have realistic coupling coefficients in contrast to the bandpass case where only one solution, in general, is practical. It is also shown that the same coupling scheme can implement pseudoelliptic bandstop filters with N/sub z/ reflection zeros where 0/spl les/N/sub z//spl les/N.     

通带耦合特性独立可调的双频微带滤波器设计

引入一种新型双通带滤波器耦合结构,采用微带线型SIR结构分别设计了切比雪夫型和准椭圆函数型2.4GHz/5.2GHz双频带通滤波器。运用电磁数值分析软件讨论了结构参数对双通带滤波器耦合性能的影响,以及准椭圆函数型滤波器耦合结构参数对其传输零点位置的影响,并在文中给出其变化规律。基于该耦合结构的新型双频带滤波器,设计自由度更高,两个通带所需耦合系数可以独立调节。根据以上结构参数所制备的样品,其性能测试结果与仿真结果吻合良好。