基于活性污泥数学模型的污水处理工艺动态模拟

以反应器动力学原理为基础,借助活性污泥数学模型,对污水处理工艺进行动态模拟实验,为增强实验结果的准确性,采用传统模型处理工艺作为对照。结果表明,基于活性污泥数学模型的污水处理工艺能够有效去除污水中的磷酸盐、氨氮化合物、硝态氮等污染介质,较传统模型处理工艺具有良好的污水处理能力。因此,该模型在污水处理工艺的优化设计与运行中具有较高的实用价值和良好的应用前景。     

污水处理过程的模糊神经网络控制

模糊神经网络(FNN)技术的迅速发展及其理论的不断完善为其在各个领域的应用奠定了基础。分析了FNN用于污水处理系统过程控制的可行性和必要性。简述了模糊系统和神经网络在污水处理中应用的现状。指出针对不同污水处理工艺建立不同综合(集成)智能控制系统是污水生物处理过程控制的主要研究方向,同时应加强对污水处理的活性污泥数学模型、通用性预测与故障分析系统、“软测量”技术及在线生物传感器等相关理论与技术的研究。     

基于活性污泥数学模型(ASM_s)的污水处理系统不确定性分析研究进展

活性污泥数学模型(ASM_s)在应用过程中由于未能充分考虑污水处理系统的不确定性而降低了其可靠性和决策的准确性,目前国内外对基于ASM_s的不确定性分析尚处于研究的初级阶段。本文概述了不确定性分析的两种常用方法,介绍了污水处理系统中基于ASM_s的不确定性源的识别与分类、不确定性指标量化的研究现状,以及不确定性分析在污水处理厂优化设计、工艺改造等方面的应用。指出不确定性源的识别与分类目前仍然没有规范统一的分类机制和识别方法,不确定性指标的量化是模型应用的关键环节,尚需开展深入研究和分析;污水处理系统的不确定性分析将是今后ASM_s应用和发展的研究重点,不确定性分析可以帮助研究者更好地了解和把握污水处理系统模拟预测结果的不确定性范围,从而可以进行有效的风险评估和提高决策支持过程。     

甲醇添加量对活性污泥法污水处理系统运行的影响及调控

结合陕西润中清洁能源有限公司甲醇污水站AAO法和陕西陕化煤化工集团有限公司合成氨污水站SBR法工艺系统的运行实际,从不添加甲醇、甲醇添加量不足、甲醇添加量不稳定、甲醇添加过量等方面分析添加甲醇不当对活性污泥法污水处理系统运行状况的影响,并就稳定甲醇添加量、异常情况下甲醇添加量调整、确保源头污水COD均衡等方面提出相应的调控措施。     

村镇低浓度生活污水对SBR工艺的影响研究

我国村镇生活污水浓度普遍偏低,雨污管道混接,地表、地下水渗入管网和排水量的增大是主要的原因,采用SBR工艺建立分散式污水处理站点是较为高效合理的运行方式。低浓度生活污水对SBR工艺生化系统会造成不良的影响,进水有机物浓度过低导致活性污泥浓度下降,最终出水无法稳定达标。实验结果表明,活性污泥浓度在1500～2500mg/L范围时,进水COD为70mg/L是维持微生物最低代谢要求的下限值,可依据此进水COD下限准确和及时的对污水处理厂及污水处理设施投加碳源。     

鼓风曝气在污水处理系统中的作用

我公司污水处理系统使用活性污泥法处理工业和生活混合污水。所处理污水具有水量大、水质复杂、高盐及高温的特点。鼓风曝气作为活性污泥处理法的关键工序,起作用不可忽视。本文简述了鼓风曝气的原理与作用,为污水处理工艺的改进提供一些借鉴。     

污水处理过程的多目标多模型预测控制方法研究

针对污水处理过程节能降耗问题以及污水处理过程的高度非线性、强耦合、不确定性等特点.以基于活性污泥2号模型ASM2的A2/O污水处理过程为研究对象,提出了污水处理过程的多目标多模型预测控制方法.该方法首先采用聚类-PLS方法建立污水过程的多模型预测模型,然后构建了包含出水水质区间控制和经济性能指标的多目标优化结构的预测控制策略.仿真结果表明,与设定值预测控制方法相比,多目标优化预测控制策略在保证出水水质的前提下,能有效地节约能耗费用.     

净化厂含硫污水对SBR系统的影响及消除技术

SBR序列间歇式活性污泥法是一种按间歇曝气方式来运行的活性污泥污水处理技术。通过分析某天然气净化厂含硫检修污水中各种有毒有害物质对SBR反应池污泥性能影响因素的分析,为有效控制有毒有害物质的影响提供依据。针对不同的影响因素,首先在缓冲罐中采用曝气、调整pH、氧化除硫、絮凝沉降等方法对进入SBR污水系统的原水进行预处理,去除有毒有害物质,减少其对系统影响。结果表明,预处理及工艺调整技术,减少了含硫污水对SBR池活性污泥的冲击,污泥活性稳定,污水处理后外排指标达标率100%,保证了运行的正常进行,减小对环境的污染。     

活性污泥法污水处理厂的运行模拟

结合ASM1和二沉池模型组成活性污泥模拟系统,将某污水处理厂的常规检测数据转化为活性污泥系统模型所需的组分数据,然后调整模型参数,使污水处理厂出水指标最接近于污水处理厂实际数据,从而确定适合该污水处理厂的模型参数,最后对该污水处理厂的工艺参数进行了模拟改造。     

污水温度对活性污泥法工艺的影响及优化措施

结合合成氨装置和甲醇装置配套污水处理站的运行实际,分析污水温度过高或过低对活性污泥法污水处理工艺运行的影响,选择和优化污水温度参数,提出相应的工艺调节和控制措施。     

Moisture sorption characteristics of waste activated sludge

Nowadays the treatment of activated sludge often includes a thermal drying step. Data such as water vapour sorption isotherms and heat of sorption are required for good design and control of the drying processes. An equilibrium method was used to measure these data on domestic activated sludge, between 39 °C and 80 °C. The experimental investigation indicated that the nature of the sludge and its evolution (bulking sludge, anaerobic storage) do not affect the sorption isotherms. Experimental data were fitted to different well‐known models; the Oswin relationship gave the better fit. Based on sorption data the heat of sorption as a function of moisture content was determined. © 2001 Society of Chemical Industry     

LiEMS生产实时监控系统及其在万吨熟料线上的应用

新型干法水泥企业一般都配套DCS等生产控制系统,部分企业同时还配有相关的MIS管理系统,但这两个系统往往是分离的,无法及时准确地进行数据及信息的沟通和分析,难以对生产及设备运行进行及时掌控。而LiEMS生产实时监控系统将两种系统整合起来,建有统一数据管理平台和庞大的实时数据库,并配有科学的数据发掘工具和专业的智能计算分析,能够为生产管理和设备健康判断提供科学的决策依据。详细介绍了LiEMS系统的应用功能,硬件平台设计方案,实时数据库;同时介绍了该软件在淮海中联万吨熟料线上的应用效果。     

Membrane filtration characteristics in membrane-coupled activated sludge system - the effect of physiological states of activated sludge on membrane fouling

The effect of sludge physiology on membrane fouling was investigated in a membrane-coupled activated sludge (MCAS) system. A series of ultrafiltrations were performed to assess the flux behaviors according to foaming potential, solids retention time (SRT), growth phase and nutrient condition of the activated sludge. The foaming sludge showed greater flux decline than the non-foaming sludge. The extraordinary increase, that is, more than 100 times in membrane fouling for the foaming sludge, was attributed to the hydrophobic and waxy nature of the foaming sludge surface, which was confirmed by a comparison with relative hydrophobicity. Membrane fouling tendency was increased as SRT decreased. A greater flux decline was observed at the endogenous phase than at the log growth phase. The activated sludge acclimated to the nitrogen deficient substrates produced less extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and exhibited higher flux than the control activated sludge. The quantitative measurements of EPS content in order to estimate the extent of membrane fouling in various activated sludges showed that, in any physiological states of activated sludge, the higher the content of EPS the activated sludge had, the greater the membrane fouling proceeded. The EPS content of activated sludge is suggested as a probable index for the membrane fouling in a MCAS system.     

一种基于触发器的数据管理方法的设计与实现

为了方便、高效地管理RT21-ISCS综合监控系统的各项数据,保证数据的一致性和完整性,针对轨道交通综合监控系统的特点,通过对oracle触发器的合理设计,实现了一种基于模型的数据管理方式.触发器不但处理了各等级模型数据间的复杂逻辑,同时通过定义同步机制,实现了系统内实时数据库与历史数据库的同步,使客户端可以直接访问实时数据库,以提高系统的响应速度和处理能力.     

流程工业数据采集中的流量控制

数据采集系统对数据库服务器需要进行非常频繁地读写,因此要考虑进行流量控制,尽可能地减少通信流量。提出一种group机制,按照已定义的数据点顺序直接发送其数据值序列,而不再重复传输数据点编号信息。通过优化传统数据传输方式中位号点信息（如节点编号）的传送来大幅减少数据流量,从而提高数据传输速度,更突出实时性。研究中使用DTD对数据请求和应答进行规范化定义,并使用xm l文档进行数据传递示例说明。group方式最适用于在数据点数目比较多,所属数据点变化不是很频繁的情况下,它能减少至少一半的网络流量。     

Effect of sludge retention time in sludge holding tank on excess sludge production in the oxic‐settling‐anoxic (OSA) activated sludge process

The activated sludge process is a core technology in wastewater treatment plants. Excess sludge produced in the process must be treated and disposed of properly and may account for up to 60% of total plant operating cost. Therefore, it is necessary to develop new biological concepts to minimize excess sludge production. The oxic‐settling‐anoxic process (OSA process), a modified activated sludge process, may produce less excess sludge than the conventional activated sludge process. The effect of sludge retention time in the sludge holding tank of the OSA process on excess sludge yield has been studied. Four pilot‐scale activated sludge systems were employed, one of which was a conventional activated sludge process, and was used as the control system. The other three were OSA systems operated with different sludge retention times (5.5 h, 7.6 h, and 11.5 h) in the sludge holding tank. All systems were operated with synthetic wastewater for 7 months. Results showed that the three OSA processes with 5.5 h, 7.6 h, and 11.5 h sludge retention time reduced the excess sludge by 33%, 23% and 14%, respectively. Compared to the control process, chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency and effluent NH₃–N concentration were not significantly influenced, but total nitrogen (TN) removal efficiency decreased by 0–9%. Total phosphorus (TP) removal efficiency of OSA processes with 7.6 h and 11.5 h sludge retention time increased by 19%. Sludge settleability was excellent in the three OSA processes. No distinct shift in the diversity of the predominant species was found in microbial populations. We conclude that the OSA system could reduce excess sludge production. Results suggest 6–7 h sludge retention time would be optimal. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry     

实时数据库在化工企业的应用

东明石化应用实时数据库实现了对全公司范围内的工业监控系统的集中显示,实时数据库平台将各个独立的监控系统的生产数据集成到管理信息系统中。将办公室与工业现场连接起来,使生产管理实现了共享。本文简要介绍了东明石化实时数据库建设的状况．为企业信息化提供一些思路和启示。     

Ozonation of activated sludge in the recycle stream

Intermittent ozonation of a part of the recycle sludge was performed two times a week for a laboratory‐scale reactor at an average ozone dose of 0.019 g O₃(gSS_ozonated)^?1. Under these conditions a decrease of about 50% in sludge growth was obtained for the ozone‐treated system, in comparison with the control. As a consequence less sludge had to be removed from the test reactor. Only a slight decrease in quality of effluent was noticed. A comparative cost calculation was made, based on these results, between an ozone‐treated activated sludge system and a traditional activated sludge system. © 2001 Society of Chemical Industry     

煤矿压风设备三维可视化实时监控预警系统的实现

煤矿压风设备三维可视化实时监控及预警系统运用三维可视化虚拟仿真技术与PLC控制技术相结合对现场设备进行实时三维监控的半实物仿真系统。采煤现场各种设备的实时数据通过传感器采集后传输给PLC系统,PLC系统通过专用接口将数据传给上位机,再运用OPC技术将现场采集的数据实时存储进实时数据库中,最后,三维仿真模块根据数据库中的实时数据来控制虚拟环境中的各种设备进行动作。以Visual C＋＋和Eon作为开发工具,采用适合煤矿实体建模及应用的三维数据模型和数据结构,并采用几何建模、三维交互以及颜色、光照和材质等虚拟现实技术,开发煤矿三维可视化实时监控系统。