Hybrid verrucous squamous cell carcinoma of sinonasal tract: a case report

Verrucous carcinoma is a variant of squamous cell carcinoma and should be distinguished from benign papilloma and well-differentiated nonverrucous squamous cell carcinoma. It is rare tumor of the sinonasal tract. Occasionally, conventional squamous cell carcinomatous components may be seen in verrucous carcinoma. This entity is called a hybrid verrucous squamous cell carcinoma. We report a case of hybrid verrucous squamous cell carcinoma occurring in the nasal cavity and paranasal sinus of a 67-year-old male. The removed mass shows the typical feature of verrucous carcinoma, but focally conventional squamous cell carcinomatous area is also noted. The treatment of this case follows verrucous carcinoma, but close follow up is mandatory because it may potentially spread to regional lymph nodes in contrast to pure form of verrucous carcinoma.     

Bronchogenic squamous cell carcinoma in childhood; a case report

Primary carcinoma of the lung is unusual in children and the squamous cell variant is extremely rare. This, to the best of our knowledge, is the sixth reported case of bronchogenic squamous cell carcinoma in childhood.     

Squamous cell carcinoma of the gingiva in an HIV-positive patient: a case report

This article presents a case of gingival squamous cell carcinoma in a patient who was HIV positive but who had no history of pan chewing, smoking, alcohol consumption or nutritional deficiency. Investigations also revealed the presence of superimposed pseudomembranous candidiasis. The case reported reveals that squamous cell carcinoma of the gingiva may occur as an oral manifestation of AIDS.     

Genomic imprinting in the brain

Biopsies of cervix uteri from 166 patients with benign and malignant lesions (12 normal, 48 inflammatory lesion, 6 adenocarcinoma, 2 adenosquamous carcinoma and 98 from squamous cell carcinomas) were studied histochemically. The stains used were PAS with/without diastase, AB/PAS (pH 2.5) and OR/AB. In inflammatory lesions neutral mucin was predominent which was replaced by sialomucin and sulphomucin in endocervical polyps. In malignant lesions sulphomucin was predominent. Seventeen percent cases of squamous cell carcinomas needed reclassification after mucin staining. Of the fourteen large cell non-keratinizing squamous cell carcinomas, 12 were reclassified as squamous cell carcinoma with mucin secretion and 2 as adenosquamous carcinoma. One case of small cell non-keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma was reclassified as moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma. None of the keratinizing carcinomas had evidence of mucin secretion. Mucin histochemistry should be done routinely on non-keratinizing squamous cell carcinomas to pick up more cases of carcinoma with evidence of mucin secretion which can be missed on routine haematoxylin and eosin stains. Such carcinomas are known to pursue a more aggressive clinical course and have a poorer prognosis than non-mucin secreting type of squamous cell carcinoma.     

Squamous cell carcinoma of the pancreas with gastric metastasis. Case report

The squamous cell carcinoma of the pancreas is an uncommon form of pancreatic cancer, with a frequency in the range of 0.5-3.5%. A rare case of a primary squamous cell pancreatic carcinoma, with gastric invasion and upper digestive bleeding, requiring surgical control is reported. The surgical technique to treat the bleeding is also detailed.     

Nasal cancer in a worker exposed to formaldehyde

Formaldehyde has not been established as a human carcinogen. Toxicological studies have, however, demonstrated that formaldehyde causes squamous cell carcinoma of the nasal cavity in rats. A case of squamous cell carcinoma of the nasal cavity occurred in a 57-year-old man who had 25 years of occupational exposure to low concentrations of formaldehyde in the textile-finishing industry.     

Synopsis of unbalanced chromosome aberrations in neuroblastoma by comparative genomic hybridization

A case of synchronous squamous cell carcinomas in the soft palate, larynx and esophagus is reported, along with findings of molecular-pathological analysis. A biopsy sample from the aryngeal carcinoma revealed well differentiated squamous cell carcinoma harboring two point mutations at codons 144 and 148 of the p53 gene but not at codon 299, and more than 50% of the cancer cells showed accumulation of p53 protein immunohistochemically. The esophageal tumor, which was moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma, showed immunoreactivity for p53 within the nuclei of 25-50% of cancer cells with a missense mutation at codon 299 but not at codon 144 or 148. This cancer also showed immunoreactivity for transforming growth factor alpha. On the other hand, the poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma in the soft palate showed negative immunoreactivity for p53 and no point mutation in exons 5 to 8 of the gene. These results suggest that the three synchronous squamous cell carcinomas arose as independent events.     

Determination of blood cystatin C in pregnant women during labor and in their newborns

BACKGROUND: Monozygotic (MZ) or "identical" twins arise from a single fertilized egg, which divides into two embryos at an early stage of development. As a result, MZ twins have identical genomes and are always of the same sex. METHODS: A case of optic nerve hypoplasia and anisometropia, in association with mirror-image presentation in a set of 12-year-old identical twins, is reported. The monozygotic twinning event responsible for identical twins--as well as the rare phenomenon of mirror imaging--is described. RESULTS: The combined occurrence of anisometropia and optic nerve hypoplasia in mirror-image presentation in a set of monozygotic twins provides a unique opportunity to study the genetic versus environmental influences on the development of optic nerve hypoplasia. CONCLUSIONS: Although the cause of optic nerve hypoplasia remains unclear, its associated mirror-image presentation in this case suggests a possible genetic predisposition.     

Trace analysis of benzalkonium chloride on skin by flow injection ionspray mass spectrometry-mass spectrometry

We report a case of symptomatic hypercalcemia in a patient with muscle-invasive, resectable squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder. Serum parathyroid hormone was consistent with secretion of parathyroid hormone-related protein. After radical cystoprostatectomy, calcium levels returned to normal. Patients with squamous cell carcinoma and an abnormal serum calcium level may have localized disease and should not be denied definitive local therapy.     

Intracranial suppuration caused by Micrococcus luteus

A patient with mixed squamous/basal cell carcinoma of the skin presented with hypercalcaemia and elevated serum levels of parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTH-rP). The tumour was resected, PTH-rP levels declined and the patient became normocalcaemic. This is the first case to associate squamous cell carcinoma of the skin with hypercalcaemia and significant levels of PTH-rP.     

Small-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the uterine cervix associated with micro-invasive squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma in situ

A case of small-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the uterine cervix associated with squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma in situ is reported. The tumor consisted mainly of uniform small cells with a population of intermediate cells that resembled carcinoid tumor cells. Foci of micro-invasive squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma in situ were recognized separately, adjacent to the main tumor. Both Grimelius stain and immunostaining of serotonin were positive for small-cell and intermediate-cell carcinoma. Neurosecretory granules were demonstrated by electron microscopy. Microacini with positive mucin staining and microvilli-like structures suggested glandular or exocrine differentiation of the tumor. Three distinctive types of differentiation, neuroendocrine, exocrine and squamous characteristics, were expressed in the tumor.     

Thymic carcinoma. Five distinctive histological variants

Five histologically distinct variants of thymic carcinoma are described: mixed small cell undifferentiated squamous cell carcinoma (three cases), basaloid carcinoma (two cases), mucoepidermoid carcinoma (one case), clear cell carcinoma (one case), and sarcomatoid carcinoma (one case). While forming a heterogeneous group, these tumors bear the common features of an anterior mediastinal location and lack of evidence of a primary tumor elsewhere, marking them as primary thymic neoplasms. All except the sarcomatoid variant are morphologically related to similar malignant neoplasms of other organs. These tumors should be recognized as morphological variants of primary thymic carcinoma and demonstrate the ability of thymic epithelium to differentiate toward a variety of different cell types.     

Papillary squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix: report of a case with HPV 16 DNA and brief review

Papillary squamous cell carcinoma (PSCC) of the uterine cervix is a rare variant of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). It is characterized by a papillary architecture and markedly atypical epithelium. Invasion and metastasis have been reported. We report a case of PSCC in a 72-year-old woman who subsequently tested positive for HPV 16. To our knowledge, this is the first report of HPV typing in a case of PSCC. Our finding of a high-risk HPV type in PSCC may help explain why PSCC has been reported to have a clinical course similar to that of nonpapillary SCC.     

Low-grade papillary transitional-cell carcinoma of the distal urethra with focal squamous differentiation and association with human papillomavirus types 6-11

OBJECTIVE: To report a case of transitional cell carcinoma of the urethra associated with human papilloma virus (HPV) infection in areas of squamous differentiation of the neoplasm. METHODS/RESULTS: A 32-year-old male with a previously treated condylomata acuminatum of the prepuce presented with a verrucous lesion in the penile meatus, corresponding to well differentiated, low grade papillary transitional cell carcinoma with squamous differentiation. Histological viral expression of HPV was confirmed by in situ hybridization. CONCLUSION: We emphasize the rare presentation of transitional carcinoma in the distal urethra associated with HPV infection.     

Intraoperative and postoperative kinetics of serum tumor markers in patients with oral carcinoma

PURPOSE: There are no reliable laboratory procedures to monitor intraoperative tumor antigen dispersal in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. This study evaluated the use of serologic parameters as perioperative indicators of systemic manifestations. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In 28 patients, serial measurements of different tumor markers (squamous cell carcinoma antigen, carcinoembryonic antigen, carbohydrate antigen 19.9, carcinoma antigen 125) were made preoperatively, intraoperatively, and postoperatively at short intervals to determine the influence of tumor ablation on the antigen concentration in the serum. A microparticle enzyme immunoassay was used for the serologic analysis. RESULTS: Squamous cell carcinoma antigen showed elevated serum levels preoperatively, which increased intraoperatively and decreased significantly postoperatively. The serologic examinations in the control group and the other tumor markers showed no correlation with the clinical situation. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that the titer of squamous cell carcinoma antigen in serum has a positive correlation with the tumor burden and the operative trauma in the case of surgery. These results support the value of intraoperative and postoperative serum antigen monitoring.     

Differentiation between chondroma and squamous cell carcinoma: evaluation of subtraction image of MRI

The image processing procedure has become widely applied as a visual aid in imaging diagnosis. The subtraction image of MRI obtained by digitally subtracting an unenhanced image from a contrast-enhanced image, depicted a discrete distribution of the contrast agent. Subtraction images in the clinical cases were compared. The subtraction image in a case of chondroma demonstrated a relatively uniform distribution of a contrast agent, with a well delineated neoplastic lesion. The subtraction image in a case of squamous cell carcinoma, the contrast agent was distributed heterogeneously in the carcinoma and well permeated into the muscle. Different patterns of subtraction image were obtained in the clinical cases of chondroma and squamous cell carcinoma in this study. The findings suggest the potential usefulness of the subtraction image for diagnosing the degree of malignancy.     

Spindle cell carcinoma of right lower alveolus. A case report

A case report of spindle cell carcinoma of the right mandibular alveolus is reported, which clinically mimicked a squamous cell carcinoma. Careful histological interpretation is necessary for successful treatment of such tumors. The use of radiation therapy after radical neck dissection is also stressed upon.     

Lower limb injury and Sudeck''s syndrome]

Mature cystic teratomas of the ovary are one of the most common ovarian neoplasms found in reproductive age women. The most common type of malignancy associated with ovarian mature cystic teratomas is squamous cell carcinoma. The frequency of this type of malignant degeneration is age related and is most common in the fifth and sixth decade of life. A case of a squamous cell carcinoma which developed in a mature cystic teratoma in a 25-year-old female is presented and issues regarding the diagnosis and management of this rare complication are discussed.     

Results in irradiation of the in situ carcinomas of the vocal cords

From 1952 through 1973, 79 patients with the diagnosis of in situ carcinoma and seven with the diagnosis of leukoplakia and/or atypical hyperplasia were treated with irradiation. The staging system was the same as for the invasive squamous carcinomas. The irradiation techniques were also identical to those used for invasive squamous cell carcinomas. The failure rate for the T1 lesions was 11% and 26% for the T2 lesions--in the same range as the failure rates observed for the invasive squamous carcinomas. Only two of the 12 failures were on the initially involved cord. These two facts suggest that most of the failures were not recurrences but were new disease developing on the dysplastic epithelium. There was a delay in the appearance of failure for the in situ carcinomas as compared with that for the invasive squamous cell carcinomas of the supraglottic larynx. Seventy-six percent of the patients have a normal voice.