一种基于非线性超声谐波幅值比的微裂缝探测方法

超声波穿过受损材料后，都会产生一定程度的非线性效应，如谐波．利用非线性波动理论中二阶谐波幅值与基波幅值的关系，探讨了通过测试谐波比关系的变化，获得材料非线性特征改变，进而判断材料损伤的方法，并进行了试验研究．试验中制作了两组水泥砂浆试棒，采用了相同活性碱骨料砂、相同水灰比，其中一组中通过碱骨料反应引入不同程度的微裂缝；另一组保持无损状态．两组水泥砂浆试验的对比试验结果表明，材料经碱骨料损伤后，其超声非线性特征变化十分明显．证明本方法对混凝土材料微裂缝的探测非常敏感，对于水泥基材料而言，是一种极具潜力的材料退化评估方法．     

振动场下微裂材料的非线性超声调幅特征

一般在材料损伤后,其非线性力学特征更加明显.在高频声波和低频振动位移场下,开裂材料会出现非线性超声调幅现象.介绍了非线性超声调幅现象,对微裂材料的非线性超声调幅特征进行探讨,提出以旁频能量与振动输入能量之比,作为描述材料损伤的定量参数,并进行试验研究,采用碱骨料反应对2根混凝土试件引入微裂缝损伤,与1根无损试件进行对比.试验结果显示,振动场下微裂材料的非线性超声调幅特征十分明显,2根损伤试件在不同损伤水平上的相对损伤参数有较大改变,且在相同损伤水平上两者十分接近;而对比无损试件的相对损伤参数变化很小.表明该方法对微裂缝损伤极为敏感,运用相对损伤参数能够对损伤的程度给出定量化的描述,且具有较好的一致性.     

有机材料热老化损伤非线性超声检测试验研究

针对有机材料热老化评价问题,利用二次谐波非线性效应对有机材料热老化进行检测试验研究.在考虑基波与二次谐波幅值随频率变化的基础上,提出了一种非线性损伤因子,并将其应用于有机材料热老化损伤评价.对不同热老化有机材料试件进行了非线性超声检测试验.研究发现:随着热老化时间的增加,其非线性损伤因子呈衰减趋势.因此,提出的非线性损伤因子可用于有机材料热老化损伤评价.     

秸秆纤维对低碱水泥基材料阻裂性能的影响

探讨了秸秆纤维对低碱水泥基材料阻裂性能的影响,结果表明,基准低碱水泥砂浆的塑性收缩裂缝的开裂权重值为37．5cm,随着秸秆纤维的掺入其裂缝明显减少,当掺入0．2％时塑性收缩的裂缝减少了96％,当超过0．5％时,砂浆基本不产生裂缝,说明秸秆纤维的掺入对低碱水泥砂浆具有很好的阻裂效果．     

混凝土劈拉过程中的阻抗参数变化规律初步研究

针对混凝土裂缝损伤演化及其检测,提出了一种基于交流阻抗谱法、根据材料阻抗特性参数进行裂缝检测或损伤评估的新思路。采用钢筋作为电极,以混凝土的阻抗幅模量（ 值）和相角值（ 值）作为材料阻抗特性参数,利用MT4090LCR测量仪量测了混凝土试件在劈裂抗拉过程中阻抗特性参数变化规律。根据量测结果分析混凝土损伤演化发展过程与阻抗特性参数之间的变化规律。试验结果表明,在混凝土劈拉破坏过程中的微裂缝缓慢扩展、劈裂裂缝快速发展、劈裂裂缝不断扩展等三个主要阶段,裂缝发展演化特点有显著的差异,每个阶段测得的 值、 值变化情况与其对应的裂缝演化特征呈现出稳定的相关性;混凝土 值、 值随着损伤程度的增大而增大,且两者增大速率一致;混凝土初始 值、 值与强度之间存在一定线性相关关系。因此,混凝土 值、 值等电化学参数可以用于检测混凝土裂缝演化和评估其内部损伤程度。     

基于双谱和奇异值分解的结构损伤试验

介绍双谱和奇异值分解（SVD）的理论,通过计算结构振动加速度信号的双谱,根据不同荷载下双谱幅值的等值线变化规律来判断结构的损伤程度和评价结构非线性振动特征.利用奇异值分解方法计算双谱的主奇异值,根据主奇异值在不同荷载下的变化情况,来评价结构的损伤和非线性变化.2根钢筋混凝土梁在逐级加载下损伤破坏的试验数据分析结果表明,双谱及其奇异值对结构损伤的变化比较敏感,双谱及其奇异值的变化规律与试验过程中试件的裂缝发展和损伤情况相一致,可以应用于结构损伤的监测.     

基于交流阻抗谱法检测水泥砂浆裂缝试验研究

以预设不同尺度裂缝的水泥砂浆块体和无裂缝水泥砂浆块体等三组试件为试验研究对象,基于交流阻抗谱测试技术,采用变化频率的正弦波脉冲作为激励信号,测试各试件电压信号峰峰值和相位差,计算相应的阻抗幅模量和进行相关数据分析。结果表明,同类试件的阻抗谱具有很好的相似性和一致性,阻抗谱可作为表征水泥砂浆材料性能的本征参数;有无预设裂缝水泥砂浆试件的阻抗幅模量差异明显,基于阻抗谱检测水泥砂浆内部裂缝可行;阻抗特性与裂缝几何尺度之间存在量化关系;水泥砂浆试件呈现电容性。     

碱硅酸反应对水泥基材料力学性能的影响

通过对比活性不同的两种砂制备的砂浆试样在碱硅酸反应中的膨胀率,结合三轴抗压测试研究了碱硅酸反应前后水泥基材料的力学性能变化,分析了碱硅酸反应后材料微观结构演变与力学性能间的关系。结果表明碱惰性砂制备的砂浆试样中骨料周围局部区域形成少量针状凝胶相,由于碱硅酸反应速率较慢且凝胶相较少,因而其膨胀率较小且对水泥基材料力学性能的影响较小。碱活性砂制备的砂浆试样中,骨料周围易生成大量针状凝胶层,且随着碱硅酸反应的进行凝胶相膨胀加剧,促进水泥基材料中骨料周围的水泥浆体中形成大量裂纹,进而明显影响水泥基材料的力学性能。研究表明,三轴抗压测试中,除膨胀率外,极限抗压强度和应变量也可以作为评价水泥基材料碱硅酸反应水平的参量。     

一种管道机械损伤检测方法

针对油气输送管道机械损伤在线检测的重要性,及机械损伤缺陷的形成原因及其特征,提出了一种基于磁致弹性效应的非线性谐波检测方法.设计了一种基于非线性谐波方法的机械损伤检测传感器.通过对凹陷和凿痕两种典型机械损伤缺陷的测量和实验数据的分析,结果表明,非线性谐波传感器可以对凹陷和凿痕两种缺陷进行有效的识别.证明了非线性谐波方法是一种切实可行的检测方法,而且,非线性谐波传感器可做到小型化、低噪声、低功耗,可实现管道机械损伤的在线检测.     

高级脂肪酸盐对水泥砂浆自愈合性能的影响

为了改善水泥基材料中微裂缝的自愈合性能，采用高级脂肪酸盐对水泥砂浆进行改性，对高级脂肪酸盐作用下砂浆的力学性能、工作性能和渗滤性能的变化规律进行研究，结合裂缝处产物的XRD、SEM-EDS等分析探讨高级脂肪酸盐对水泥砂浆微裂缝自愈合性能的影响.结果表明：高级脂肪酸盐的掺入一定程度上能缩短砂浆的凝结时间，但对砂浆抗压抗折强度和流动度影响不大；适量固液比的高级脂肪酸盐能改善水泥砂浆的密实性，增加基体裂缝处碳酸钙的生成量，加速裂缝的自愈合效果，提高抗渗性.     

The grain grading model and prediction of deleterious porosity of cement-based materials

The calculating model for the packing degree of spherical particles system was modified. The grain grading model of cement-based materials was established and could be applied in the global grading system as well as in the nano-fiber reinforced system. According to the grain grading model, two kinds of mortar were de- signed by using the global grain materials and nano-fiber materials such as fly ash, silica fume and NR powder. In this paper, the densities of two above systems cured for 90d were tested and the relationship of deleterious porosity and the total porosity of hardened mortar was discussed. Research results show that nano-fiber material such as NR powder can increase the density of cement-based materials. The.relationship of deleterious porosity and the total porosity of hardened mortar accords with logarithmic curve. The deleterious porosity and the rationality of the grading can be roughly predicted through calculating the packing degree by the grain grading model of cement-based materials.     

磁性指数对铁尾矿水泥基材料特性的影响

为实现铁尾矿代替天然河砂制备水泥基材料的目标,以8种磁性指数的铁尾矿和天然河砂为骨料分别制备了水泥砂浆和混凝土试件。通过测试砂浆的力学性能、试件断面的显微硬度、孔结构参数以及混凝土的抗氯离子渗透性能,分析了磁性指数对铁尾矿水泥基材料特性的影响。试验结果表明：在相同配合比下,铁尾矿砂浆力学性能优于天然河砂砂浆;提高铁尾矿的磁性指数,砂浆力学性能呈现下降趋势,但是磁性指数为40％的铁尾矿砂浆强度仍然较高;当磁性指数为0％时,铁尾矿砂浆界面区显微硬度最高,磁性指数为40％的铁尾矿砂浆次之;磁性指数为0％和40％的铁尾矿砂浆孔隙率较低且无害孔含量更多;通过磁选分离降低铁尾矿的磁性指数,有利于增强铁尾矿混凝土的抗氯离子渗透性能,提高其耐久性。     

Numerical simulation on moisture transport in cracked cement-based materials in view of self-healing of crack

The moisture transport in cracked cement-based materials was investigated with priority by numerical simulation. The cracked cement-basis material was treated as two components system, including the cracks and cementitious mortar. The mass balance between the water in the cracks and in the cement mortar was considered. From the modeling results, it was seen that the water or vapor filled the crack immediately when the cracked cementitious mortar was put into contact with the water or vapor. The water/vapor penetrates into the mortar from the crack surfaces, as well as the external surface exposed in the outside condition. The existence of cracks increases the penetration of water/vapor into the cementitious mortar. As the basis for studying the self-healing in cracked concrete, the simulation on moisture transport provided important information about the water distribution and movement inside the cracked concrete.     

水泥基材料水分传输及动力学研究

从水泥基材料耐久性出发,引出了水分传输的重要性,研究了水泥砂浆和混凝土的一维水分传输。结果表明:只有结合毛细吸收和扩散2种传输过程才能很好地表征水泥基材料内部的水分传输过程,材料内部孔隙结构对水分传输的动力学过程有很大的影响。该研究结果为水泥基材料耐久性评价和寿命设计提供了更精确的理论基础。     

紧密堆积理论与表征方法在水泥复合胶凝材料中的应用

水泥复合胶凝材料的堆积密实度将直接影响新拌净浆、砂浆、混凝土的工作性能以及硬化体的强度、耐久性。阐明了固体颗粒紧密堆积理论,比较了水泥复合胶凝材料体系堆积密实度评价方法的特点,从颗粒形状、颗粒粒径以及粒度分布3个方面,阐述了影响水泥复合胶凝材料堆积密实度的关键因素,指出了水泥复合胶凝材料密实填充效应研究存在的问题。     

Damage action of alkali-resistant glass fiber in cement-based material

The compressive strength and flexural strength with the same strength class cement mortar of the alkali-resistant glass fiber cement mortar were tested in standard and hot-water curing condition, and the damage mechanism of alkali-resistant glass fiber was studied. The interaction mechanisms of the chemical erosion and physical injury in different curing conditions were studied in order to summarize the damage mechanism of alkali-resistant glass fiber in cement-based materials, and chloride diffusivity coefficient and porosity of cement mortar were tested in the different curing conditions. The experimental results are that the strength of cement based materials and fiber cement slurry interface zone were closely related, and heat curing could accelerate the hydration of cement, but inevitably enlarge the defect.     

Self-healing Action of Permeable Crystalline Coating on Pores and Cracks in Cement-based Materials

The self-healing action of a permeable crystalline coating on the porous mortar was investigated by two times impermeability test. Moreover, the self-healing mechanism of cement-based materials with the permeable crystalline coating, was studied by SEM. The results indicate that the permeable crystalline coating not only seals the pores and cracks in mortar during its curing process, but also heals the permeable pathway caused by first impermeability test or cracks produced by freeze-thaw cycles . Therefore, cement-based materials can be improved by the permeable crystalline coating for the self-healing function. SEM images prove that the self-healing function is realized by generating a great quantity of non- soluble dendritic crystalline within the pores and cracks, which prevents the penetration of water and other liquids.     

Damage Processes of Polypropylene Fiber Reinforced Mortar in Different Fiber Content Revealed by Acoustic Emission Behavior

The performances of the cement-based materials can be improved by the incorporation of polypropylene fiber, but the damage processes become more complex with different fiber contents at the same time. The acoustic emission(AE) technology can achieve the global monitoring of internal damage in materials. The evolution process of failure mode and damage degree of polypropylene fiber reinforced mortar and concrete were analyzed by measuring the AE energy, RA value, AF value and b value. It was found that the cement matrix cracked on the initial stage, the cracks further developed on the medium stage and the fibers were pulled out on the last stage. The matrix cracked with minor injury cracks, but the fiber broke with serious damage cracks. The cumulative AE energy was proportional to the polypropylene fiber reinforced concrete and mortar's ductility. The damage mode and damage degree can be judged by identifying the damage stage obtained by the analysis of the AF value.