多批灵巧手的最佳灵巧性设计

首先讨论了多指抓持系统中抓持物体的灵巧性,指出该系统的灵巧性取决于各手指的性能。然后,分析了单个手指（单个操作器）的灵巧度,通过对手指灵巧性的要求,确定手指（操作器）的最佳工作区域。最后,提出具有最佳灵巧性的多指灵巧手的设计准则,并利用两指手、三指手的设计,表明了多指手的最佳灵巧性设计。     

可控参考时间的多指灵巧手协调控制

提出一种可控参考时间的多指灵巧手协调控制方法。通过对系统误差评价控制规划器的参考时间,使期望的输出可以根据系统当前的运动状态进行调整,从而使系统具有处理不可预测和不确定事件的能力。用这种控制方法对多指灵巧手进行运动学和动力学协调控制,在物体遇到障碍或扰动时系统可以以牺牲时间为代价,尽可能保证物体按预先规划的路径运动并保持手指的抓持位形,使抓持更稳定可靠,同时可避免物体和系统受到损坏。仿真和试验证明了这种方法的有效性。     

基于欠驱动原理的多指灵巧手结构设计及实验研究

针对传统的多指灵巧手手指驱动源多、结构复杂,抓取过程中驱动电机保持堵转状态导致发热量大、寿命短,以及无法准确感知目标物体的位姿并施加合理的抓取力等问题,对灵巧手手指结构、系统构型及传感器等方面进行了研究。提出了一种具有欠驱动特性及自锁特性的多指灵巧手手指结构方案及具有不同承载能力的腱传动结构方案,设计了二指、三指及五指灵巧手系统构型,开发了高灵敏度、低成本一维力传感器及触觉传感器;以三指灵巧手为例,加工了实验样机,利用实验样机进行了相关实验。研究结果表明:该灵巧手的手指结构能够有效降低驱动源数量,实现机构减重,通过更改腱传动机构,可实现不同承担不同负载,具有较好的安全性和可靠性,一维力传感器及触觉传感器具有较高的灵敏度、准确性及低成本特性,该灵巧手指具有较高的重复定位精度,可完成针对不同形状物体的稳定、可靠的抓取任务。     

欠腱驱动多指灵巧手的设计

提出一种欠腱驱动多指灵巧手，它具有结构简单，操作灵巧，控制容易，较高的操作适应性，每个多指节手指仅用一个腱驱使手指弯曲运动。文中描述了欠腱驱动多指灵巧手的结构设计与手指位移分析，与现有的多指灵巧手和欠驱动多指杆机器人手相比，这种手指灵巧手的结构更为简单紧凑，且能减少控制的复杂性、重量和成本，并能实现多功能地抓取不同物体的能力。     

多指手的操作灵巧性设计

将多指手的设计分解为手指机构的灵巧性设计及手指的合理布位两个子问题。针对子问题一,以手指雅可比矩阵条件数的倒数为位形操作灵巧性指标确定了合理的手指杆长比例及指端的灵巧操作区间。以灵巧操作速度和灵巧操作力为指端操作灵巧性指标,给出了确定手指驱动器功率的算法。对于子问题二,根据操作灵巧性对各指端灵巧操作区间相对位姿关系的要求,给出了手指布位的一般性原则。     

多指灵巧手基于广义力椭球的最优抓持规划

首先在抓持系统的力旋量空间中 ,建立了关节力矩与物体外力的关系 ,定义了整个手物体抓持系统的雅可比矩阵。按照关节空间和物体空间的力的映射关系 ,提出了广义力椭球和内力椭球。在此基础上 ,定义了抓持系统的最优抓持能力和最优内力。最后 ,按抓持能力和最优内力对多指灵巧手进行最优抓持规划     

机器人多指灵巧手的研究现状、趋势与挑战

机器人多指灵巧手是一种高度灵活、复杂的末端执行器,因其能够模仿人手的各种灵巧抓持和复杂操作能力,半个多世纪以来得到持续的研发投入和广泛关注,备受社会各界期待.综述分析了仿人型机器人多指灵巧手的演化过程、研究与开发现状.从仿生结构、驱动、传动、感知、复合/智能材料、建模与控制等方面分析了机器人多指灵巧手的本体复杂性,在部分功能复现、灵巧操作功能复现和人手功能的增强三个层次上分析了机器人多指灵巧手的应用复杂性,进而论述了基于多指灵巧手的复杂应用简化实现模式,阐明了机器人多指灵巧手的复杂性与易用性的辩证关系.最后从深度仿生、柔性感知技术、操作过程规划与控制策略、成本控制四个方面分析了多指灵巧手本体研究的趋势与挑战.     

医用排牙多指灵巧手的结构参数优化设计

针对排牙多指灵巧手手指的工作状态,通过D-H坐标的建立,借助于雅可比矩阵和一些结构参数优化的评价指标,利用多目标函数优化的方法,并结合排牙工作的特点和多指灵巧手抓取物体的特性建立约束条件,对手指各项参数进行了优化计算.结果证明：此优化能有效减少灵巧手指的长度,使其各标准综合达到最优.得出了包括1个手掌、3个手指、9个回转关节的灵巧手结构.     

人工肌肉驱动的多指灵巧手运动学计算与分析

目前对灵巧手的运动学分析对象多为单指结构,很少涉及多指协调的运动学分析,为了更好地完成HUST灵巧手的抓取规划,主要针对多指灵巧手的运动学问题以及各手指的操作可达性进行分析计算与验证。根据气动人工肌肉驱动的HUST灵巧手的结构特点,采用标准D-H参数法建立各手指指尖相对于手掌坐标系的运动方程,分析求解多指气动灵巧手的正逆运动学问题,基于Matlab对灵巧手的工作空间进行仿真分析,得出了各手指在手掌坐标系下的操作可达空间,并通过抓取实例验证了运动学与仿真分析的正确性,为多指灵巧手的抓取规划提供了重要依据。     

DLR/HIT机器人灵巧手手指位置控制的研究

手指的位置控制是灵巧手进行力控制和多指协调等操作的基础。针对DLR／HIT灵巧手手指,首先建立了手指的坐标系,划分了层次化的手指控制空间。基于驱动空间的滑膜位置控制器和轨迹规划算法,设计和实现了关节空间及笛卡尔空间的手指位置控制策略。     

一种自适应拟人手指抓持力分析与结构优化

采用齿轮齿条传动机构，设计了一种新型自适应拟人手指。该手指自身不带驱动器，适合抓取不同形状、尺寸的物体，使机器人多指手以较少的驱动器驱动较多关节自由度。电机的数量大大减少使机器人手具有许多优点。另外，该手指与人的手指相似，适合用于拟人多指手。分析了该手指抓持力与其设计参数的关系，提出了该手指的结构优化设计原则。     

欠驱动两指多指杆机器人手的操作过程与抓力分析

欠驱动两指多指杆机器人手仅用一台驱动电机就能以直指或曲指方式履行各种工业操作任务。文中描述了欠驱动两指多指杆手的操作过程与手指的抓力分析 ,并对手指抓力作了动态仿真。与现有的欠驱动机器人手相比 ,这种多指杆机器人手的结构更为简单紧凑 ,且能减少控制的复杂性、重量和成本 ,并能实现多功能地抓取不同物体的能力     

基于PVDF的欠驱动多指手滑触觉硬件系统

为解决传统果蔬采摘欠驱动多指手抓取力控制精度不高的问题,提出了一种基于聚偏二氟乙烯(PVDF)压电薄膜技术的新型欠驱动多指手滑触觉系统,该系统由信号采集和信号处理两个模块组成;分别设计了滑触觉传感器,电荷放大、低通滤波、工频限波、电压放大等电路,并进行了捏取和抓取实验.实验结果表明,该系统能较好地控制多指手的抓取精度,实现无损伤抓取,且具有广阔的应用前景.     

一种欠驱动多指杆机器人手

提出的欠驱动多指杆机器人手能用直指或曲指方式履行各种工业操作任务。本文描述了三指多指杆手的工作原理,手指位移与力分析,这种手抓取物体的适应性,稳定性,抓力都优于常规手爪,提出的手指结构能减少控制复杂性,重量和成本,并能实现多功能地抓取不同物体的能力。     

Geometric Design-based Dimensional Synthesis of a Novel Metamorphic Multi-fingered Hand with Maximal Workspace

Current research on robotic dexterous hands mainly focuses on designing new finger and palm structures,as well as developing smarter control algorithms.Although the dimensional synthesis of dexterous hands with traditional rigid palms has been carried out,research on the dimensional synthesis of dexterous hands with metamorphic palms remains insufficient.This study investigated the dimensional synthesis of a palm of a novel metamorphic multi-fingered hand,and explored the geometric design for maximizing the precision manipulation workspace.Different indexes were used to value the workspace of the metamorphic hand,and the best proportions between the five links of the palm to obtain the optimal workspace of the metamorphic hand were explored.Based on the fixed total length of the palm member,four nondimensional design parameters that determine the size of the palm were introduced;through the discretization method,the influence of the four design parameters on the workspace of the metamor-phic hand with full-actuated fingers and under-actuated fingers was analyzed.Based on the analysis of the metamor-phic multi-fingered hand,the symmetrical structure of the palm was designed,resulting in the largest workspace of the multi-fingered hand,and proved that the metamorphic palm has a massive upgrade for the workspace of underactuated fingers.This research contributed to the dimensional synthesis of metamorphic dexterous hands,with practical significance for the design and optimization of novel metamorphic hands.     

Function-oriented optimization design method for underactuated tendon-driven humanoid prosthetic hand

The loss of hand functions in upper limb amputees severely restricts their mobility in daily life. Wearing a humanoid prosthetic hand would be an effective way of restoring lost hand functions. In a prosthetic hand design, replicating the natural and dexterous grasping functions with a few actuators remains a big challenge. In this study, a function-oriented optimization design (FOD) method is proposed for the design of a tendon-driven humanoid prosthetic hand. An optimization function of different functional conditions of full-phalanx contact, total contact force, and force isotropy was constructed based on the kinetostatic model of a prosthetic finger for the evaluation of grasping performance. Using a genetic algorithm, the optimal geometric parameters of the prosthetic finger could be determined for specific functional requirements. Optimal results reveal that the structure of the prosthetic finger is significantly different when designed for different functional requirements and grasping target sizes. A prosthetic finger was fabricated and tested with grasping experiments. The mean absolute percentage error between the theoretical value and the experimental result is less than 10%, demonstrating that the kinetostatic model of the prosthetic finger is effective and makes the FOD method possible. This study suggests that the FOD method enables the systematic evaluation of grasping performance for prosthetic hands in the design stage, which could improve the design efficiency and help prosthetic hands meet the design requirements.     

机器人多指手及其抓取机制的研究进展

对国内外在机器人多指手样机研制和抓取机制领域所取得的最新进展及研究现状进行综述.介绍国内外机器人多指手的样机模型和最新研制进展,提出今后多指手研究发展方向及必然趋势.归纳多指手在抓取机制方面的典型研究方法,总结抓取力封闭性与形封闭性的研究成果及存在的不足,指出在多指手研究方面有待进一步解决的问题.     

Geometric Design-based Dimensional Synthesis of a Novel Metamorphic Multi-ngered Hand with Maximal Workspace

Current research on robotic dexterous hands mainly focuses on designing new finger and palm structures, as well as developing smarter control algorithms. Although the dimensional synthesis of dexterous hands with traditional rigid palms has been carried out, research on the dimensional synthesis of dexterous hands with metamorphic palms remains insu cient. This study investigated the dimensional synthesis of a palm of a novel metamorphic multifingered hand, and explored the geometric design for maximizing the precision manipulation workspace. Di erent indexes were used to value the workspace of the metamorphic hand, and the best proportions between the five links of the palm to obtain the optimal workspace of the metamorphic hand were explored. Based on the fixed total length of the palm member, four nondimensional design parameters that determine the size of the palm were introduced; through the discretization method, the influence of the four design parameters on the workspace of the metamorphic hand with full-actuated fingers and under-actuated fingers was analyzed. Based on the analysis of the metamorphic multi-fingered hand, the symmetrical structure of the palm was designed, resulting in the largest workspace of the multi-fingered hand, and proved that the metamorphic palm has a massive upgrade for the workspace of underactuated fingers. This research contributed to the dimensional synthesis of metamorphic dexterous hands, with practical significance for the design and optimization of novel metamorphic hands.