无线传感器网络的能效分析

能量效率是衡量无线传感器网络性能最重要的指标,介绍了无线传感器网络节点结构,分析了无线传感器节点的主要能耗源.讨论动态能量管理和动态电压调整等提高传感节点能效的技术,从物理层、链路层、网络层、传输层等层次论述了无线传感器网络拓扑所采用的能效机制,最后对功率控制技术进行了分析.     

基于Tinyos的低功耗MAC协议研究

由于无线传感器网络中的能量有限的特性,所以降低节点能耗,延长网络寿命在无线传感器网络中显得十分重要。低功耗的无线传感器网络协议,是无线传感器网络在应用中的一项重要技术。本文从无线传感器网络能耗方面出发,对BMAC、XMAC的优缺点进行了详细分析、提出了一个改进,并且基于Tinyos平台进行了实验,验证了低功耗协议良好的能耗特性。     

无线传感器网络最优簇首节点数量研究

在无线传感器网络中能耗是必须考虑的一个重要因素,由于无法对节点的能量进行再输送,应尽可能地减少系统能量的开销、延长整个网络的生存时间。文中对无线传感器网络的能耗与最优簇首节点数量之间的关系进行了理论分析与研究,得出的结论对无线传感器网络规划、设计有一定的指导作用。     

无线传感网络移动分簇路由策略

无线传感网络(WSN)路由协议中,分簇路由具有拓扑管理方便、能量高效和数据融合简单等优点,成为当前重点研究的路由技术。通过研究各种环境下的移动传感器网络,有效地降低能耗则是研究移动无线传感器网络的重要目的之一。针对无线传感网络中移动性问题,基于LEACH协议,利用移动传感器网络中节点距离、速度和剩余能量等因素提出了能量高效的移动分簇路由算法。实验结果表明此算法能够较好地支持节点移动,从而降低网络能耗,延长网络生存时间。     

无线传感器网络能耗分析与节能策略研究

能量供应与消耗目前影响无线传感器网络生存时间的主要因素。介绍了无线传感器网络节点组成,从硬件消耗和软件消耗两方面分析了影响能量消耗的主要因素,阐述了降低能耗、延长网络生存时间的的5种基本策略,并对无线传感器网络的能量供应方式的发展作了分析预测。     

ZigBee无线传感器网络节点的能耗研究

基于ZigBee技术的无线传感器网络具有巨大的应用前景.由于网络节点能量有限,如何最大限度地利用有限能量,提高网络节点的生命周期是关键问题.本文系统分析了ZigBee无线传感器网络节点中各个部分引起的能量消耗,提出从节点硬件结构和网络协议两方面来降低网络系统能耗,延长网络生命周期的策略.     

基于太阳能的温室无线传感器网络监测系统设计

设计提出了基于太阳能的温室无线传感器网络监测系统设计,利用无线收发设备传输数据,无需专门架线,系统结构简单,节省了人力物力,通过监测管理中心可实现对温室温湿度的控制、二氧化碳含量测量、光照度信息采集和图像监控等功能,实现真正意义上的无人值守,与普通无线技术相比,还具有低功耗、低成本和网络容量大等特点.传感器节点采用基于太阳能的能量供给系统无线传感器网络节点结构.该结构采用MSP430超低功耗MCU以及低功耗网络传输芯片nRF24L01,尽可能降低系统能耗.另外,该系统利用多级能量内存,结合能量管理与能量转移技术,使由太阳能电池采集到的能量得到合理的利用,从而构成具有自我管理能力的能量供给系统,实现了为无线节点永久性供电与无线传感网络无限使用的目的.     

基于LEACH的WSN路由算法研究

为了提高无线传感器网络的可扩展性在其路由协议中通常会采用分簇技术。由于无线传感器网络由能量有限的节点组成,网络中节点的能量多为电池供电,因此高效节能以延长网络生命周期是无线传感器网络必须要充分考虑的问题。针对LEACH(低功耗自适应分簇)路由算法在簇首选择时存在的问题,提出一种改进建议。对改进算法利用仿真工具NS2进行仿真,并对节点存活率和网络能耗两个方面进行比较与分析,仿真结果表明,改进算法很好地延长了网络的寿命。     

一种提高无线传感器网络鲁棒性的方法

传感器网络节点是能量受限的节点,节点的能耗以及路由选择是影响传感器网络鲁棒性的重要因素之一。本文提出一种基于能耗预测来确定路由选择的方法,使得剩余能量较低、预测的传输能力较差的节点避开路由传输,避免传输失败引起的网络瘫痪,增强无线传感器网络的鲁棒性。     

无线传感器网络能量收集技术分析

对无线传感器网络节点的能量供应及其管理技术的现状进行了讨论。分析研究了无线传感器网络节点的能量收集原理、技术与方法,认为无线传感器网络节点能量管理应从节能与供能两方面去解决。对环境中存在的各种能源的收集原理与方法进行了分析,这些能源包括太阳能、风能、声能、振动、热电以及电磁场能等。最后提出了传感器节点应该采用尽可能多的方法从环境中吸取能量,以确保传感器节点能够长期、稳定、可靠地工作。     

Efficient Energy Utilization Through Optimum Number of Sensor Node Distribution in Engineered Corona-Based (ONSD-EC) Wireless Sensor Network

An optimum sensor node deployment in wireless sensor network can sense the event precisely in many real time scenarios for example forests, habitat, battlefields, and precision agriculture. Due to these applications, it is necessary to distribute the sensor node in an efficient way to monitor the event precisely and to utilize maximum energy during network lifetime. In this paper, we consider the energy hole formation due to the unbalanced energy consumption in many-to-one wireless sensor network. We propose a novel method using the optimum number of sensor node Distribution in Engineered Corona-based wireless sensor network, in which the interested area is divided into a number of coronas. A mathematical models is proposed to find out the energy consumption rate and to distribute the optimum number of sensor node in each corona according to energy consumption rate. An algorithm is proposed to distribute the optimum number of sensor nodes in corona-based networks. Simulation result shows that the proposed technique utilized 95 % of the total energy of the network during network lifetime. The proposed technique also maximizes the network lifetime, data delivery and reduce the residual energy ratio during network lifetime.     

无线传感网络中基于蚁群的路由算法

In the wireless sensor networks, high efficient data routing for the limited energy resource networks is an important issue. By introducing Ant-colony algorithm, this paper proposes the wireless sensor network routing algorithm based on LEACH. During the construction of sensor network clusters, to avoid the node premature death because of the energy consumption, only the nodes whose residual energy is higher than the average energy can be chosen as the cluster heads. The method of repeated division is used to divide the clusters in sensor networks so that the numbers of the nodes in each cluster are balanced. The basic thought of ant-colony algorithm is adopted to realize the data routing between the cluster heads and sink nodes, and the maintenance of routing. The analysis and simulation showed that the proposed routing protocol not only can reduce the energy consumption, balance the energy consumption between nodes, but also prolong the network lifetime.     

物联网感知层多路径传输策略研究

多路径数据传输是无线传感器网络亟需解决的一个关键问题.本文针对节点故障、链路失效和外界干扰影响网络稳定性和可靠性,提出一种基于混合蛙跳算法的无线传感器网络多路径传输策略.首先我们详细介绍了蛙跳算法及其原理,之后我们将其应用到无线传感器网络多路径传输策略之中,接着运用混合蛙跳算法对传感网络节点其进行更新、划分、重组以便选择出最优节点建立传输最优路径,提高网络的稳定性和可靠性.通过算法仿真与结果对比提出的算法与AODV、粒子群PSO算法相比,在网络能耗、传输时延、丢包率、连通率和可靠度等方面都具有较好的性能.其中网络能耗比AODV、PSO算法降低了62.5％和35.8％.     

An efficient cluster-based communication protocol for wireless sensor networks

A wireless sensor network is a network of large numbers of sensor nodes, where each sensor node is a tiny device that is equipped with a processing, sensing subsystem and a communication subsystem. The critical issue in wireless sensor networks is how to gather sensed data in an energy-efficient way, so that the network lifetime can be extended. The design of protocols for such wireless sensor networks has to be energy-aware in order to extend the lifetime of the network because it is difficult to recharge sensor node batteries. We propose a protocol to form clusters, select cluster heads, select cluster senders and determine appropriate routings in order to reduce overall energy consumption and enhance the network lifetime. Our clustering protocol is called an Efficient Cluster-Based Communication Protocol (ECOMP) for Wireless Sensor Networks. In ECOMP, each sensor node consumes a small amount of transmitting energy in order to reach the neighbour sensor node in the bidirectional ring, and the cluster heads do not need to receive any sensed data from member nodes. The simulation results show that ECOMP significantly minimises energy consumption of sensor nodes and extends the network lifetime, compared with existing clustering protocol.     

无线传感器网络自适应目标跟踪节点调度算法

在无线传感器网络中,设计合理的节点调度算法是提高网络感知能力、降低系统能耗的关键。在分析节点能耗模型的基础上,针对移动目标跟踪型网络应用,提出一种高能效的无线传感器网络自适应节点调度算法ANSTT。该算法根据节点对移动目标的感知能力,以及节点的相对剩余能量水平,自动调整节点工作模式。仿真实验表明,ANSTT算法在维持低感知延时、高目标感知率的同时,可有效降低系统能耗,延长网络寿命。     

Reliable and energy aware query-driven routing protocol for wireless sensor networks

Wireless sensor networks become very attractive in the research community, due to their applications in diverse fields such as military tracking, civilian applications and medical research, and more generally in systems of systems. Routing is an important issue in wireless sensor networks due to the use of computationally and resource limited sensor nodes. Any routing protocol designed for use in wireless sensor networks should be energy efficient and should increase the network lifetime. In this paper, we propose an efficient and highly reliable query-driven routing protocol for wireless sensor networks. Our protocol provides the best theoretical energy aware routes to reach any node in the network and routes the request and reply packets with a lightweight overhead. We perform an overall evaluation of our protocol through simulations with comparison to other routing protocols. The results demonstrate the efficiency of our protocol in terms of energy consumption, load balancing of routes, and network lifetime.     

Energy Efficient Four Level Cooperative Opportunistic Communication for Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPAN)

For wireless sensor networks (WSNs), energy is a scarce resource. Due to limited battery resources, the energy consumption is the critical issue for the transmission as well as reception of the signals in the wireless communication. WSNs are infrastructure-less shared network demanding more energy consumption due to collaborative transmissions. This paper proposes a new cooperative opportunistic four level model for IEEE 802.15.4 wireless personal area network. The average per node energy consumption is observed merely about 0.17 mJ for the cooperative wireless communication which proves the proposed mechanism to be energy efficient. This paper further proposes four levels of cooperative data transmission from source to destination to improve network coverage with energy efficiency.     

基于等概率路由模型的传感器网络负载均衡研究

无线传感器网络的能耗效率与流量负载分布密切相关。论文从微观角度研究了无线传感器网络的负载均衡问题。基于等概率路由模型,分析了拓扑传输结构对于感知数据流量的分流作用。根据分析结果,提出了多对一传输模式下任意节点负载密度的定义和算法。分析了节点的负载密度与传感器网络生命期的关系,进一步论证了在多对一的多跳传感器网络中不能实现完全的负载均衡,但是通过设计合理的拓扑结构可以实现准负载均衡。仿真结果说明,从微观角度得到的节点负载密度可以准确描述无线传感器网络的流量负载分布,由此得到的准负载均衡条件也能实现绝大多数节点的负载均衡。     

基于发布/订阅模型的WSN设计

为降低通信频率对节点能耗的影响同时提高大规模节点下传感器网络的连通率,本文设计了一种以发布/订阅模型作为应用层数据交互方式的无线传感器网络。该网络利用6LoWPAN技术实现组网,并以Contiki操作系统为平台完成了基于发布/订阅模型的MQTT-S应用层协议设计。测试结果表明,该设计能够有效降低节点的通信流量,实现对节点功耗以及网络通信优化,并能与互联网实现无缝连接减少开发成本,对大规模传感器网络的设计与应用具有重要意义。