有限自动机在复合事件检测中的应用

针对早期系统只提供原子事件的检测机制,不能检测由原子事件组成的复合事件的问题,提出了用有限自动机来检测复合事件的方法.说明了复合事件的组成和表达式,利用自动机原理对复合事件的检测模式进行了分析,给出了复合事件检测的具体过程:从事件表达式到不确定的有限自动机,从不确定的有限自动机到最小化确定的有限自动机,再用程序实现了确定的有限自动机.实例表明,自动机模型是检测复合事件的一种有效实现方式.     

基于有限状态自动机原理的孔中心定位程序

孔中心定位是数控电火花成型、电火花线切割等机床的基本功能,操作过程比较复杂,具有有限状态自动机的特征。有限状态自动机是一个描述离散系统的数学模型,通过状态转移囤可清楚描述输入与状态的关系,利用有限状态机理论描述其程序结构．比传统的程序结构更直观、更清晰地描速孔中心定位的程序。利用有限状态机原理设计控制程序结构,方便用汇编语言的JMP@A＋DPTR指令或C程序语言的switch语句实现,可以使程序简单、清晰,便于调试、维护、扩充。介绍了在电火花加工机床用“多维数控系统”运用有限状态自动机原理进行孔中心定位程序设计的实例。     

基于EFPN的模糊离散事件系统可诊断性分析

针对模糊有限自动机及模糊Petri网在模糊离散事件系统(Fuzzy Discrete Event System,FDES)行为建模中的不足,提出一种扩展模糊Petri网(Extended Fuzzy Petri Net,EFPN),并基于EFPN构造了FDES行为模型及系统故障诊断器。EFPN以一种新的事件模型为基础对FDES的系统行为进行建模,并根据事件触发矩阵计算下一系统状态中各分量的可能性分布。与模糊有限自动机及模糊Petri网的对比分析表明,在描述FDES模糊事件时,对于同步距离为0的一组事件所造成的影响,EFPN的表达能力强于经典模糊Petri网;在对含有多个状态分量的FDES建模时,EFPN模型的规模远小于模糊有限自动机。在基于EFPN构造的系统行为模型中,运用可达状态标识图分析系统状态集,可有效地构造FDES的故障诊断器,并可据此进行系统可诊断性分析。     

基于DNA计算的分子下推自动机

DNA分子计算的工作原理是对生物系统进行编码,以生物化学反应为基础,利用生物技术实现生物系统的状态转移来推进计算过程．2001年以色列的Yaakov Benenson等人在基于DNA计算的发卡模型实现了具有状态转移功能的分子有限状态自动机,国内则有利用DNA计算的方法构造可编程分子下推存储器的相关研究．该存储器基于分子自动机的原理,能按一定逻辑进行自组装,是一种纳米尺度的生物存储机构．文中首先通过在分子有限自动机上扩展一个分子下推存储器从而获得了一种简单的分子下推自动机,并基于该下推自动机提出了一类语言的分子自动机解法．接着提出了两种改进的分子下推自动机的模型,通过增加模型复杂度,分别解决了基本型分子下推自动机存在输人字符串限制和输入分子形式不统一的问题．计算理论表明,该种下推自动机的计算能力超过了已有的有限自动机．     

Ptolemy离散事件模型形式化验证方法

Ptolemy是一个广泛应用于信息物理融合系统的建模和仿真工具包,主要通过仿真的方式保证所建模型的正确性.形式化方法是保证系统正确性的重要方法之一.本文提出了一种基于形式模型转换的方法来验证离散事件模型的正确性.离散事件模型根据不同事件的时间戳触发组件,时间自动机模型能够表达这个特征,因此选用Uppaal作为验证工具.首先定义了离散事件模型的形式语义,其次设计了一组从离散事件模型到时间自动机的映射规则.然后在Ptolemy环境中实现了一个插件,可以自动将离散事件模型转换为时间自动机模型,并通过调用Uppaal验证内核完成验证.最后以一个交通信号灯控制系统为例进行了成功的转换和验证,实验结果证实了该方法能够验证Ptolemy离散事件模型的正确性.     

基于确定的有限自动机的工作流机制研究

工作流作为企业流程建模的核心技术,具有方便性、灵活性和可配置性的特点,极大的弥补了传统企业信息系统的不足。工作流引擎作为工作流重要的实现手段,是大量办公自动化系统的核心组件,其流转过程的理论研究具有重要的理论和现实意义。
　　本文提出了用确定的有限自动机来研究工作流运转过程的方法,将工作流运转中的各个步骤映射为各项状态和迁移过程,采用确定的有限自动机的观点来描绘和阐述,从而得到了工作流流转的数学模型——自动机的状态迁移图。在此基础上,可以采用自动机理论来分析和研究中工作流的流转过程,从而改善和优化工作流审批流程。     

基于矩阵模型表示的有限自动机极小化方法

论文基于有限自动机的矩阵模型犤1犦,并以矩阵理论和布尔代数为工具,给出了一种有限自动机极小化的新方法。该方法不仅有利于算法设计和计算机自动处理,也表明了矩阵模型方法在有限自动机应用研究中的重要作用。     

矩阵模型表示下有限自动机等价判定方法

该文在有限自动机的矩阵模型表示方法1基础上,采用矩阵理论和布尔代数为工具,提出了一种有限自动机等价判定的新方法。该方法不仅有利于算法设计和计算机自动处理,其处理方法对采用矩阵模型研究有限自动机理论及应用问题也有一定学术参考价值。     

状态自动机矩阵模型的代数性质

有限自动机理论是控制理论、对象程序测试、神经网络、保密学等众多学科领域的重要研究工具犤1～4犦,探索有限自动机理论研究的新思路具有重要学术意义。文章在有限自动机矩阵模型表示方法基础上,采用矩阵理论和布尔代数为工具,针对无输出情形的特殊有限自动机(状态自动机),研究给出了基本代数性质及相应的物理意义。在采用新的数学方法进行有限自动机理论研究方面作了有益的探索,采用这种方法有利于算法设计和计算机自动处理。     

基于场景的联锁软件形式化模型生成方法

为保证列车运行安全和旅客生命财产安全,对车站联锁控制系统进行有效的分析、验证和测试是必不可少的,而形式化模型是联锁系统分析、验证和测试的基础.以计算机联锁软件的UML半形式化模型为基础,以事件确定有限自动机模型作为描述系统的形式化模型,研究UML2.0顺序图转换为事件确定有限自动机模型的方法.首先选取一组与交互行为相关的全局变量作为状态向量来分析和消解顺序图各个场景的消息以及不同场景间的同一消息的前后置状态向量值是否存在矛盾,从而得到一致性的需求场景;然后提取各对象的事件序列生成对应的事件确定有限自动机;最后通过组合系统中对象的自动机模型得到系统的事件确定有限自动机模型.该方法改善了安全苛求软件的设计与开发,为软件质量评估提供了技术支撑.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.