一种结合用户评分信息的改进好友推荐算法

传统的好友推荐算法在计算好友相似度时通常仅仅考虑用户在社交网络的拓扑结构的相似性,而对用户的兴趣相似性考虑较少,因此推荐的结果往往不够精准。现有的很多社交网站(如豆瓣网)提供了用户评分功能,用户可以对某类物品(如电影)给出自己的评分。为了在推荐时计算用户的兴趣相似度,提出基于用户给出的对某类物品的评分来计算用户的兴趣相似度,从而在拓扑相似度的基础上结合兴趣相似度得到更精准的推荐结果。首先使用余弦相似度计算出用户间拓扑相似度;其次在计算基于评分的用户兴趣相似度时,通过建立概率模型得到用户聚类评分相似度矩阵,从该评分矩阵推导出用户间基于评分的兴趣相似度;最后,结合拓扑相似度和评分相似度得到最终的改进好友推荐算法,计算出相似度值最高的N个人推荐给当前用户。为了验证所提方法的有效性,用提出的方法对豆瓣网抓取的用户数据进行好友推荐,实验结果证明所提方法与传统的基于拓扑的好友推荐算法相比可以有效提高好友推荐的准确性。     

面向学术社交网络的多维度团队推荐模型

学术社交网络的出现改变了传统的科研方式,对于如何基于学术社交网络为学者进行团队个性化推荐进行了研究,提出了一种多维度潜在团队推荐模型(multi-faceted team recommendation,MFTR)。该模型首先通过投影梯度非负矩阵分解方法提取团队和用户的特征向量,并根据两者的特征向量计算其相似度,然后再融合用户的社交好友关系和热门团队信息来为用户推荐具有相似研究兴趣的潜在团队。最后在真实学术社交网站——学者网的数据上进行实验,结果表明该模型能有效地提高推荐的准确度,并缓解了冷启动问题。     

基于用户标注行为的潜在好友推荐

目前多数社交网络主要根据已有好友关系推荐潜在好友,用户的兴趣爱好不作为主要考虑因素;此外,如何从大量数据中精确地提取用户的兴趣爱好是一项十分艰巨的任务。为此,提出一种在大量标注行为数据中精确挖掘出用户的兴趣爱好,并据此推荐具有相同兴趣爱好的潜在好友的算法--基于标注的好友推荐(FRBT)算法。首先使用词频-逆向文件频率(TF-IDF)对标签进行聚类,将语义相似的标签聚成话题;然后在话题的基础上提出一种新的相似度公式来计算用户相似度;再融合基于话题与基于物品的用户相似度,将相似度较高的用户作为潜在好友进行推荐。在Delicious数据集上以准确率和召回率为指标与item、tag和tri-graph三种算法进行比较,实验验证了该算法能够更准确地为用户推荐兴趣相似的好友。     

语义增强的大规模多元图简化可视分析方法

网络图可视化可以有效展示网络节点之间的连接关系,广泛应用于诸多领域,如社交网络、知识图谱、生物基因网络等.随着网络数据规模的不断增加,如何简化表达大规模网络图结构已成为图可视化领域中的研究热点.经典的网络图简化可视化方法主要包括图采样、边绑定和图聚类等技术,在减少大量点线交叉造成的视觉紊乱的基础上,提高用户对大规模网络结构的探索和认知效率.然而,上述方法主要侧重于网络图中的拓扑结构,却较少考虑和利用多元图节点的多维属性特征,难以有效提取和表达语义信息,从而无法帮助用户理解大规模多元网络的拓扑结构与多维属性之间的内在关联,为大规模多元图的认知和理解带来困难.因此,本文提出一种语义增强的大规模多元图简化可视分析方法,首先在基于模块度的图聚类算法基础上提取出网络图的层次结构;其次通过多维属性信息熵的计算和比较分析,对网络层次结构进行自适应划分,筛选出具有最优属性聚集特征的社团;进而设计交互便捷的多个关联视图来展示社团之间的拓扑结构、层次关系和属性分布,从不同角度帮助用户分析多维属性在社团形成和网络演化中的作用.大量实验结果表明,本文方法能够有效简化大规模多元图的视觉表达,可以快速分析不同应用领域大规模多元图的关联结构与语义构成,具有较强的实用性.     

基于兴趣的用户聚类分析在入侵检测中的应用

在入侵检测中对用户进行聚类,可以改善安全分析的效率,有助于发现潜在非法用户.在聚类中提出按照访问兴趣对用户进行聚类分析,在用户访问兴趣度量中综合考虑网页内容和浏览路径因素.在聚类分析中,依据访问兴趣定义提出新的相似度计算方法.利用传递闭包法对用户进行聚类.算法可以提高用户聚类的准确性,试验结果表明该算法是有效的.     

基于用户签到的跨社交网络用户匹配

跨社交网络用户匹配技术可以融合多平台用户数据,从而实现更多元的应用,现有基于签到的社交网络用户匹配研究,忽略了多源社交网络签到数据的失衡性,导致算法在真实数据集下匹配精度下降的问题。针对此问题,提出一种基于用户签到的跨社交网络用户匹配方法。通过网格聚类算法对用户签到数据进行粗粒度化和过滤,选择出潜在相关性强的签到数据;从这些签到数据中提取时空特征,计算出不同属性相似度;通过优化多属性相似度的权重分配,综合计算用户匹配分。在多组数据集上的实验结果表明,所提出方法在签到数据失衡情况下的有效性。     

基于分层社交关系的微博推荐算法

针对现有微博推荐中未考虑分层关系对兴趣影响的问题,提出一种基于分层社交关系的微博推荐算法.首先基于时间窗口计算相对亲密强度与社交增长率来构建分层网络;其次在网络中量化影响力、吸引力、交互紧密度来挖掘目标用户潜在兴趣;然后依据短文本扩展策略获取目标用户显性兴趣;最后将潜在兴趣与显性兴趣融合,计算融合兴趣与待推荐微博的相似度实现推荐.实验结果表明,与经典的微博推荐方法相比,该算法在准确率、召回率、F值、MRR上均优于其他方法,最高提高了14.73％.由实验结果可知,综合考虑潜在兴趣和显性兴趣可以提高微博推荐效果.     

基于用户兴趣和社交信任的聚类推荐算法

个性化推荐系统中使用最广泛的算法是协同过滤算法,针对该算法存在的数据稀疏和扩展性差问题,提出了一种基于用户兴趣和社交信任的聚类推荐算法。该算法首先基于聚类技术根据用户评分信息将具有相同兴趣的用户聚为一类,并建立基于用户兴趣相近的邻居集合。为了提高兴趣相似度计算的准确性,采用了修正余弦计算公式来消除评分标准的差异问题。然后,引入信任机制,通过定义直接信任、间接信任、传递路径和计算方法来度量社交网络用户之间隐含的信任值,将社交网络转换为信任网络,依据信任程度来创建基于社交信任的邻居集合。通过加权的方式将基于两种邻居集合的预测值融合起来为用户产生项目的推荐。在Douban数据集上进行仿真实验,确定了最优的协调因子值和分类数值,并与基于用户的协同过滤算法和基于信任的推荐算法进行对比,实验结果表明,所提算法的平均绝对误差(MAE)减少了6.7%,准确率(precision)、覆盖(recall)和F1值分别增加了25%、40%和37%,有效提高了推荐系统的推荐质量。     

面向空气质量监测数据时空多维属性的可视分析方法

空气质量监测数据具有显著的时空多维属性.传统的平行坐标技术虽然能够有效地展示数据的多维属性信息,却在分析与解读空气质量监测数据各个属性的时空变化规律方面表现出一定的局限性,在平行坐标展示空气质量监测数据多维属性的基础上,提出一种支持用户交互式探索大气污染时空特征的可视分析方法.首先利用平行坐标展示空气质量监测数据,支持用户交互改变时空维度以及指定坐标轴排列顺序;然后引入角度面积正负相关性等方式度量数据在平行坐标系中的布局差异,并且通过矩阵图和交互式柱状图分别展示不同时空维度下数据的布局差异;再综合考虑各个属性之间的数据布局差异,构建相似性矩阵,利用多维标度法对当前时空维度的数据进行降维,获得初始数据在低维空间的表示;最后利用层次聚类方法对低维空间的数据表达做聚类分析,并且分别设计时钟隐喻图和地域抽象图描述各个类别的时空节点组成.集成上述可视化算法设计便捷的用户交互模式,开发面向空气质量监测数据时空多维属性的可视分析原型系统,为用户快速分析和解读大气污染的时空特征及潜在规律提供有效手段.通过大量的可视化效果及用户反馈结果,进一步验证了文中所提可视分析方法的有效性和实用性.     

一种连通非加权图的快速聚类方法

图的聚类是数据聚类的一种很重要的变体,一方面通常可以用图来表示数据集中数据的相似度;另一方面对大型复杂网络的分析也引起人们越来越多地关注;而且对图进行聚类分析可以增强图的可视性,有助于可视化的分析、观测和导航。将最大最小方法的基本思想应用于非加权图的聚类,提出一种无向连通非加权图的快速聚类方法,该方法具有简单、聚类时间短、运行效率高、对于大型静态图的聚类具有良好的适应性等特点。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.