非球形颗粒及颗粒群的自由沉降速度

通过分析现有的层流、湍流及过渡状态下非球形颗粒及颗粒群阻力系数的实验与理论研究结果,给出了非球形颗粒及颗粒群自由沉降速度的理论计算公式,并对各种单一非球形颗粒及非球形颗粒群沉降速度的计算结果与现有的实验结果进行了比较.比较结果表明,所得到的非球形颗粒及颗粒群自由沉降速度的理论计算公式与实验结果符合的很好.     

院士风釆

正郭慕孙1920.05.09~2012.11.20化学工程学家。广东潮州人。1943年毕业于沪江大学化学系。1947年获美国普林斯顿大学硕士学位。中国科学院化工冶金研究所研究员、所长、名誉所长。早年发现液-固和气-固两种截然不同的流态化现象,分别命名为"散式"和"聚式"流态化,现已定为工程化学术语。后将散式流态化理想化,提出了描述流体和颗粒两相流最简单的"广义流态化理论",可适用于颗粒     

散式流态化中流化颗粒所受作用力的研究

本文从理论上对散式流态化中流化颗粒所受作用罚进行了探讨。表明广泛应用的拟均相模型的不合理性，提出了应采用分离流模型来分析散式流态化中颗粒的受力情况，证明了流化颗粒所受浮力符合陈基米德原理。     

衍射法测量柱形颗粒群尺寸分布的数值计算方法

以柱形颗粒的衍射理论为基础，提出了适用于非球形颗粒衍射模型的数值计算方法。应用结果证明这种计算方法的数值计算时间满足在线测量的需要，并特别适合于测量颗粒尺寸分布空窄时的数值计算。     

偏析作用对球形和非球形颗粒堆积的影响

偏析作用对球形和非球形颗粒堆积的影响ＴｈｏｍａｓＪ．Ｆｉｓｋｅ等ＰｏｗｄｅｒＴｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｙ８１（１９９４）５７～６４颗粒堆积在粉体处理过程中以及对于由粉体制成的产品的最终性能非常重要。本文利用最初用于测量粉体堆积密度的测量仪器研究了球形颗粒和低...     

颗粒Wadell球形度的测量方法标准的编制

为了编制颗粒Wadell球形度的测量方法标准,采用已知形状和粒径的标准几何体颗粒、已知粒径而未知形状的农作物颗粒,通过测量颗粒的自由沉降速度来测量颗粒Wadell球形度,即当颗粒在层流状态下自由沉降时,颗粒的自由沉降速度与颗粒的形状有关。结果表明:颗粒的自由沉降速度与颗粒形状的关系可由Stokes形状系数与颗粒的Wadell球形度的关联确定;对已知形状和尺寸的标准几何体颗粒,实验验证了Stokes形状系数与Wadell球形度的关系以及Stokes定律;对已知粒径而未知形状的农作物颗粒,测量的Wadell球形度与农作物颗粒的球形度吻合。     

工业X射线光机管电压测量的研究

用非介入管电压测量仪测量了工业X射线光机标称管电压在70～120 kV的管电压,并与介入式测量方法的测量结果傲了比较;在用非介入式测量管电压时比较了不同附加过滤对测量结果的影响.结果显示,附加过滤的厚度会影响非介入式管电压测量结果的准确性,在实验条件下最大的标准偏差能达到2.5％,根据附加过滤对非介入式测量结果进行修正后最大偏差为0.4％.     

液-固流化床颗粒流态化特性实验研究

为了研究具有高耐磨性、高腐蚀性等特点的固体颗粒在液-固流化床的颗粒流态化特性,采用不同粒径的氧化铝、氧化锆、轴承钢在垂直玻璃圆柱形立管中进行实验,研究液-固流化床中颗粒的最小流态化速度。实验结果得到5种不同颗粒的最小流态化速度,将实验值与经验公式计算值进行比较,验证传统经验公式的计算精度与实验数据的可用性,以及颗粒密度和颗粒粒径对最小流态化速度的影响规律;根据实验结果,采用最小二乘法,在传统经验公式的基础上提出一组新的修正系数,用以计算粒径较大的固体颗粒的最小流态化速度。当直径大于2.5 mm、临界雷诺数大于175时,此式计算精度更高。     

基于概率接触算法的椭球离散元及料仓试验研究

该文提出一种基于概率接触算法,并嵌入到球形颗粒离散元程序中,在保持原有颗粒接触检索效率的基础上,实现了非球形颗粒模拟。以椭球颗粒为例给出了算法推导过程,进行了球形西米、椭球形绿豆和长米的料仓卸料过程模拟,对颗粒体系的流态和流量进行了研究,并开展了相应的试验加以验证。结果表明:基于概率接触算法的非球形颗粒离散元法适用于在椭球颗粒流动特性方面的研究,可以较精确的模拟卸料过程,且计算效率较高。     

一种非球形纳米二氧化硅颗粒制备新方法

以低成本工业级硅酸钠为原料,采用离子交换法制备了非球形纳米二氧化硅颗粒。在制备过程中,采用控制无机碱催化剂1%(质量分数)氢氧化钠水溶液滴加到活性硅酸速度的方法来控制二氧化硅晶核成核的形貌,进而控制二氧化硅颗粒的形貌,避免了传统方法(通过引入有机碱或者引入二价或三价阳离子)制备非球形二氧化硅颗粒的不足。扫描电镜显示所制备的二氧化硅颗粒为非球形(呈花生、哑铃或枣状),轴向粒径为10~20nm,径向粒径为45~80nm。激光粒度分析仪测试表明非球形颗粒高斯分布平均粒径为39.0nm,多分散指数高达0.261。该方法制备非球形二氧化硅颗粒步骤简单、环境友好,非常有利于工业化生产与应用。     

Particle size measurement of standard reference particle candidates with improved size measurement devices

In order to prepare standard reference particles, experimental and theoretical studies have been conducted on particle size measurement of two kinds of spherical glass beads. The sheath flow- type electrical sensing zone method and the revised sedimentation balance method were used for the measurement. The data were compared with those obtained by the microscopic method with a sample size greater than 10 000. The particle size distributions obtained by use of the sheath flow- type electrical sensing zone method and microscopic method are nearly equal for the two kinds of glass beads. However, deviations of less than 5% were observed between the improved sedimentation balance and microscopic methods. The experimental data of the microscopic method are within the 95% reliability region of the sheath flow-type electrical sensing zone method.     

Numerical and experimental study of a spherical particle flow in a cylindrical tube under vacuum conditions

The paper aims at developing a validated model that can accurately predict the flow of a particulate material. This model will serve as a virtual design tool for the design of a novel passive safety system for nuclear reactors. Therefore an experimental setup consisting of a vertical glass tube is filled with 500±30 μm spherical glass particles. The experiment is then placed in a vacuum and the particles are released by opening a valve. The velocity of the particles is recorded during their fall at three different heights using a non invasive optical tracking technique with an original implementation. The same experiment is then simulated using the Discrete Element Method and results are compared. A good agreement between the simulation and the experiment was found. The sensitivity of the simulation to a change in the contact stiffness, dynamic Coulomb coefficient of friction and tangential contact force model was investigated. The influence of the initial position of the simulated particles on the packing factor was shown to be very important. Finally the experiment proved to be extremely sensitive to a perturbation of the outflow section of the tube, something that was predicted by the simulations.     

Morphology control of amino acid particles in interfacial crystallization using inkjet nozzle

The aim of this study is to apply the inkjet technique to liquid–liquid interfacial crystallization. Instillation with an inkjet nozzle was compared with the batch process in order to evaluate the effectiveness of the inkjet technique for controlling particle morphology. The effects of amino acid solution concentration and organic solvent type on particle properties were investigated for instillation with an inkjet nozzle. The morphology of alanine and glycine particles was observed by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray powder diffraction. The inner structure of alanine and glycine particles was investigated by cutting particles with an ion milling machine. Controlling particle size by adjusting the droplet size in the instillation with an inkjet nozzle was found to be feasible. Most alanine and glycine particles produced by instillation were spherical, whereas most particles produced by the batch process were non-spherical. A higher concentration of amino acid in the solution may lead to the generation of solute particles at the spherical interface. It was found that the surface structure of alanine particles changed when using two kinds of organic solvents as anti-solvents. In addition, instillation allowed for β-glycine to be identified and the crystal polymorph of the particles to be controlled.     

Spherical particle dynamics at oscillations in tubes in the shock wave field

The behavior of spherical particles with various geometric and physical parameters is experimentally investigated at the stimulated longitudinal gas oscillations in closed and opened tubes as well as in the external wave field near subharmonic resonances. The temporal dependences of the oscillating particle coordinate are obtained for different tube lengths and excitement frequencies. It is shown that, inside the tube, a particle moves, performing the longitudinal oscillations, from the opened end to the piston. Outside the tube, a particle moves from the opened end to the external wave field, without oscillations and with nonlinear coordinate increase in time. Also investigated is the influence of the particle weight and diameter and of the gas excitement frequency on the oscillation amplitude of the particle and its average velocity. The nonmonotone character revealed the dependence of the average velocity of the spherical particle on the gaseous column oscillation frequency at passing through the subharmonic resonance frequencies.     

Characterization of trapping force in the presence of spherical aberration

Abstract

Transverse trapping force in laser tweezers is investigated in the presence of spherical aberration caused by the refractive-index mismatch between a cover slip and the water solution where particles are suspended. The transverse trapping efficiency is characterized in terms of the numerical aperture of a microscope objective and the thickness of a sample cell. It has been experimentally demonstrated that the spherical aberration can be compensated for by changing the effective tube length of an objective used for trapping. As a result, the transverse trapping efficiency can be improved by up to 20%. In principle, a further improvement in the trapping efficiency is possible if an objective of an infinitely-long tube length is used.     

Spherical MgO microparticle deposition by RF impulse discharge with small coaxial electrodes

We have observed for the first time a deposition of MgO microparticles with spherical shape. Experiment has been carried out in a small coaxial electrode system for an impulse discharge, consisting of an inner Mg-rod electrode of 1.7 mm in diameter, and an outer ring electrode, between which a small-diameter glass tube substrate is placed. From the SEM and Raman analyses, we have observed a formation of MgO particles with size less than several 500 nm. Most of the particles are spherical in shape, and distributed on the glass surface near the electrodes. The formation processes of the spherical particles are discussed.     

Characteristics and atomization behavior of Ti-6Al-4V powder produced by plasma rotating electrode process

In the present research, the characteristics and atomization behavior of Ti-6Al-4V powders produced by plasma rotating electrode process (PREP) with different rotation speeds were investigated. Three kinds of particles in the as-PREPed powders are observed: spherical particles, satellite particles and irregular particles. The mean particle size of the PREP powder decreases and its distribution becomes narrower gradually with increasing rotation speed. PREP powder at higher rotation speed demonstrates lower fractions of both satellite particles and irregular particles. By observing the residual electrode tip, it is considered that the irregular particles with corner or flat shape are possibly caused by the tearing of liquid film under the action of centrifugal force and shear force during the atomization process.     

激光粒度仪颗粒联测的结果与评价

为了解不同激光粒度仪的硬件、软件等方面差异对粒度测量结果的影响,用4种颗粒形状不同的粉末在不同公司生产的激光粒度仪上进行测试。结果表明:激光粒度仪测试结果重复性很好;对于球形粉末和形状较规则的粉末,大部分激光粒度仪测得的中位径值之间可以比较;而粒径范围较宽和不规则形状粉末,个别仪器测量的中位径值有差异。     

Influence of boundary condition on the sound velocity in granular assembly: Spiral tube versus cylinder

The properties of elastic wave propagation in granular assemblies have become a subject of immense interest in recent years, however, the influence of different confinements on the sound velocity is seldom investigated. This study provides a method to determine the contact point between spherical, super-ellipsoidal particles and complex boundaries, in order to investigate how the anisotropy induced by particle shape or boundary affects velocity. Taking cylinder and spiral tube confinements as examples, the falling process of spherical and super-ellipsoidal assemblies are simulated to verify the validation by the discrete element method (DEM). The convergence of the kinetic energy during the falling process and the equilibrium state with zero residual kinetic energy guarantees the stability and correctness. On the basis, elastic wave propagation of spherical and super-ellipsoidal systems in spiral tube and cylindrical confinements under different pressures are modelled, and sound velocities are calculated. The effective medium theory (EMT), granular solid hydrodynamics (GSH), and elastic stiffness are used to interpret the relationship between velocity and stress in cylindrical confinement. However, the results in the spiral tube deviate from EMT and GSH, which means the boundary affects velocity significantly. The difference of velocity between spiral tube and cylinder is qualitatively explained from the perspective of anisotropy of contact force distribution in the system. The simulation results show that anisotropy introduced by the curved surface affects the acoustic properties greatly. The method used for spiral boundary is also suitable for other complicated confinements.