非球形颗粒及颗粒群的自由沉降速度

通过分析现有的层流、湍流及过渡状态下非球形颗粒及颗粒群阻力系数的实验与理论研究结果,给出了非球形颗粒及颗粒群自由沉降速度的理论计算公式,并对各种单一非球形颗粒及非球形颗粒群沉降速度的计算结果与现有的实验结果进行了比较.比较结果表明,所得到的非球形颗粒及颗粒群自由沉降速度的理论计算公式与实验结果符合的很好.     

低钙粉煤灰颗粒群粒径特征及组成特征

为了促进粉煤灰高附加值分类利用,研究粉煤灰颗粒群粒径特征与组成特征间的关系;通过颗粒分级设备将原状低钙粉煤灰分成5种不同粒径区间的颗粒群,用细度参数及粒度分布宽度参数综合量化表征粒径特征;用X射线荧光分析、X射线衍射手段分别测试颗粒群化学组成、矿物组成。结果表明,不同细度参数表征粉煤灰颗粒群细度有良好的一致性;分选后的颗粒群均匀性系数较原状粉煤灰显著增大;不同粒径特征的颗粒群所含矿物种类相似,化学组成有明显差异。     

流体阻力系数的计算方法

本文通过对不同的沿程阻力系数计算公式精度的比较,分析了阻力系数计算公式的优劣,同时推荐了一些新的公式和判据.     

散式流态化中流化颗粒所受作用力的研究

本文从理论上对散式流态化中流化颗粒所受作用罚进行了探讨。表明广泛应用的拟均相模型的不合理性，提出了应采用分离流模型来分析散式流态化中颗粒的受力情况，证明了流化颗粒所受浮力符合陈基米德原理。     

基于定量体视学的颗粒群特征分析

应用图像分析仪和定量体视学原理，对颗粒群特征参数进行了定量分析，并对图像分析的实验参数：最小样本数、图像优化及灰度阈值等进行了讨论研究。实验结果表明，定量体视学图像分析方法可同时获得煤矿渣细粉试样的级配和颗粒形状因子（圆度）等一系列颗粒群特征参数。     

亚颗粒尺度颗粒群运动三维直接数值模拟

提出一种基于有限元的虚拟区域法,可在亚颗粒尺度上实现对三维颗粒群运动的高效直接数值模拟;基于虚拟区域法的思想将颗粒视为浸入在背景网格中的有限大小区域而非零维点,在有限元方法的离散方程中引入体现颗粒作用的动量方程源项以保证颗粒的刚体运动;给出了三维虚拟区域法的实现方式与数值检验结果,并对管道中的颗粒群实际运动过程进行了直接数值模拟,得到了颗粒群与流场相互作用的非稳态结果。结果表明,虚拟区域法不仅能够处理三维颗粒运动的颗粒边界条件,不需要重新划分网格,而且还可以用于进行多颗粒运动系统的亚颗粒尺度直接数值模拟,最终得到详细的速度场和受力结果。     

基于图像处理的回转滚筒内颗粒群提取方法

为了研究低转速下回转滚筒内多组元颗粒群混合情况,提出Photoshop与Matlab图像处理相结合的方法;选取恰当的阈值进行图像分割,利用Matlab形态学原理对不同粒径的颗粒进行筛分,提取混合图像中不同粒径的颗粒个数,用于分析颗粒群的混合机理及计算表征颗粒混合度的Lacey指数。结果表明,与人工统计相比,该方法处理颗粒群混合问题的颗粒个数提取准确度可达95%以上。     

双层球形颗粒的光散射计算

在光散射颗粒测量技术中．Mie散射理论的计算非常重要。本文中讨论了双层球形颗粒光散射的计算方法．对计算过程中不同函数参量选用了合适的递推计算方法．改进的计算方法克服了以前算法在实际运算中遇到的误差计算了若干物理量．如消光系数、散射系数、吸收系数以及CPU运算速度,计算结果表明．选用的方法简单、迅速、稳定且误差小。     

用投影轮廓分维中位维表征颗粒群粗糙度的研究

为了表征颗粒群粗糙度,本文中构建了单颗粒投影轮廓分维数学模型,并以高精度数字光学显微系统为基础,测算了5种颗粒样品的单颗粒投影轮廓分维。结果表明,5种颗粒样品的单颗粒投影轮廓分维均值从小到大依次为:柴油汽车排气管沉积颗粒、碳黑颗粒、粉煤灰颗粒、石灰性褐土颗粒、河流沉积土壤颗粒。首次提出了"中位维"的概念以表征颗粒群粗糙度,计算了颗粒样品的中位维,其大小排序与投影轮廓分维均值一致,验证了将"中位维"作为表征颗粒群粗糙度的合理性。     

双层球形颗粒的光散射计算

在光散射颗粒测量技术中,Mie散射理论的计算非常重要。本文中讨论了双层球形颗粒光散射的计算方法,对计算过程中不同函数参量选用了合适的递推计算方法,改进的计算方法克服了以前算法在实际运算中遇到的误差。计算了若干物理量,如消光系数、散射系数、吸收系数以及CPU运算速度。计算结果表明,选用的方法简单、迅速、稳定且误差小。     

Non-Newtonian Fluids in Spout-Fluid Beds: Mass Transfer Coefficient at Low Reynolds Numbers

Following on from the work of Anabtawi et al. (2003), this study examined how the volumetric liquid-phase mass transfer coefficient, k_La, of oxygen in air in three-phase spout-fluid beds was affected by varying the system parameters of bed height, bed diameter, gas velocity, and liquid velocity. The liquid used was 0.1% CMC solution, displaying a pseudo-plastic rheology, with 1.75 mm glass spheres as packing. The values of the Sherwood number were lower than in previous studies (Anabtawi et al., 2003), in the range 9,000-186,000. Gas velocity had a similar effect on k_La as in a bubble column, with results also giving good agreement with previous work on two-phase and three-phase spouted bed systems. The correlation obtained for the effect of liquid velocity on k_La compared well with that of Schumpe et al. (1989). An increase in the height of packing increased k_La to the power of 0.319, with an increase in column diameter also causing an increase in k_La, which is in agreement with the results of Akita and Yoshida (1973).     

Non-Newtonian Fluids in Spout-Fluid Beds: Mass Transfer Coefficient at Low Reynolds Numbers

Following on from the work of Anabtawi et al. (2003) Anabtawi, M. Z., Hilal, N. and Al Muftah, A. E. 2003. Volumetric mass transfer coefficient in non-Newtonian fluids in spouted-fluid beds: Part I. Chem. Eng. Technol., 26: 759–764.  [Google Scholar], this study examined how the volumetric liquid-phase mass transfer coefficient, k _L a, of oxygen in air in three-phase spout-fluid beds was affected by varying the system parameters of bed height, bed diameter, gas velocity, and liquid velocity. The liquid used was 0.1% CMC solution, displaying a pseudo-plastic rheology, with 1.75 mm glass spheres as packing. The values of the Sherwood number were lower than in previous studies (Anabtawi et al., 2003 Anabtawi, M. Z., Hilal, N. and Al Muftah, A. E. 2003. Volumetric mass transfer coefficient in non-Newtonian fluids in spouted-fluid beds: Part I. Chem. Eng. Technol., 26: 759–764.  [Google Scholar]), in the range 9,000–186,000. Gas velocity had a similar effect on k _L a as in a bubble column, with results also giving good agreement with previous work on two-phase and three-phase spouted bed systems. The correlation obtained for the effect of liquid velocity on k _L a compared well with that of Schumpe et al. (1989) Schumpe, A., Deckwer, W. and Nigam, K. D. P. 1989. Gas-liquid mass transfer in three- phase fluidized beds with viscous pseudoplastic liquids. Can. J. Chem. Eng., 67: 873–877. [Crossref] , [Google Scholar]. An increase in the height of packing increased k _L a to the power of 0.319, with an increase in column diameter also causing an increase in k _L a, which is in agreement with the results of Akita and Yoshida (1973) Akita, K. and Yoshida, F. 1973. Gas hold-up and volumetric mass transfer coefficient in bubble columns. Ind. Eng. Chem. Process Des. Dev., 12: 76–80. [Crossref] , [Google Scholar].     

气固循环床上行两相流颗粒曳力系数研究

在高16m气-固循环流化废提升管内,通过测定表观气速、颗粒质量流率和不同轴向高度的床层平均颗粒浓度,结合对单颗粒进行受力平衡分析,间接获得了不同轴向位置的颗粒曳力系数。同时通过分析雷诺数、阿基米德数、床层颗粒浓度对颗粒曳力系数的影响,结合实验中所获得的数据,提出颗粒曳力系数的关联式。该关联式考虑颗粒的物性参数、操怍条件对曳力系数所造成的影响,其预测值与本文和文献实验值吻合良好,并且在一维轴向均相模型下较好预测了床层内轴向压力分布。     

2008年夏季广州大气消光系数与细粒子的关系

为了解夏季广州大气中细粒子消光特性,利用浊度仪、黑碳仪和自动气象站获得散射系数μsp、吸收系数μap以及气象要素等观测数据,并利用采样器采集大气悬浮颗粒物PM2.5和PM1.0样品获取其质量浓度。结果表明,散射系数μsp、吸收系数μap和大气消光系数(μext=μsp+μap)的平均值分别为(226±111)、(53±20)、(280±125)Mm-1;大气悬浮颗粒PM2.5和PM1.0的质量浓度分别为(53.7±23.2)、(46.1±21.3)μg/m3;消光系数μext与PM2.5和PM1.0的相关性系数分别达到0.96和0.93;PM2.5和PM1.0的平均质量浓度消光效率分别为到5.2、5.5 m2/g,表明大气中小粒径的粒子对消光系数的影响更为明显。     

Motion of a Heated Spheroidal Particle at Low Reynolds Numbers

The problem of motion of a uniformly heated spheroidal hydrosol particle is solved. An expression which allows estimation of the resistance force of the spheroidally shaped solid hydrosol particle at arbitrary differences between the temperatures of the particle surface and the region at a distance from it is obtained with account for the dependence of the viscosity on the temperature.     

Drag and Rotational Properties of Cascades of Circular Cylinders at Small and Moderate Reynolds Numbers

An iteration method of calculating pressure by solving Navier–Stokes equations in stream function–vortex variables is proposed. A numerical investigation of the drag and the rotational properties of cascades of circular cylinders at small and moderate Reynolds numbers has been carried out.     

Drag coefficients for a sphere rolling down an inclined channel

Abstract

Forces acting on a sphere rolling down an inclined smooth or rough channel include submerged weight of the sphere, fluid drag, fluid lift, and rolling resistance from the channel bed. When the acting forces are in equilibrium, the sphere rolls down the inclined channel with a terminal velocity. The steady movements of such a sphere rolling down smooth and rough channel beds with the terminal velocity are studied through laboratory experiments and a simplified theoretical analysis. A method is proposed to evaluate the rolling resistance that consists of collision and friction parts of resistance. The coefficients of rolling resistance and the drag coefficients are determined by regression analysis with experimental data. The relationships of the drag coefficients and the Reynolds numbers for a sphere rolling over smooth and rough channel beds are also obtained. It is found that at the same Reynolds number, the drag coefficient for a sphere rolling down a rough bed is larger than that for a sphere down a smooth one, and that both are much larger than that of a sphere in the free fall.     

丁腈橡胶/导电粒子复合材料的正温度系数(PTC)特性

将导电粒子碳黑和铜粉分别与丁腈橡胶混合制备导电聚合物复合材料，其中碳黑（Ｎ５５０）／丁腈橡胶复合材料的电阻率随温度的变化呈现较强的正温度系数（ＰＴＣ）效应。讨论了掺入导电粒子浓度、结构和表面性质以及混炼硫化工艺等对该类材料的室温电阻率及ＰＴＣ效应的影响。     

细颗粒添加组分流态化研究进展

介绍了细颗粒聚团流态化的类型;从添加组分的种类、添加量以及粒径大小3个方面,综述了近些年来国内外研究者对细颗粒添加组分流态化的研究进展,进一步阐述了细颗粒中添加磁性大颗粒后在外加磁场作用下的流化性能的研究情况,重点指出了细颗粒添加组分流态化研究中存在的问题和发展方向,提出应开展细颗粒聚团与其添加颗粒之间的相互作用机理的研究,以得出定量的关系,从而为工业应用提供理论依据。     

低雷诺数的孔板计量数值模拟及其应用

以计算流体力学为工具,详细分析计算了流体流过孔板的层流流场分布以及压力降。计算了β=d/D=0．5时的流出系数,并根据计算结果拟合出流出系数与Re的关系式。在以往孔板的层流流场模拟中,雷诺数不超过150,而作者所编的计算程序能够计算雷诺数从0～500之间所有孔板流场,从而为实际应用奠定了良好的基础。