软开关PWM变换器发展综述

软开关技术已从基本谐振变换器,准谐振变换器和谐振直流环节变换器发展到软开关ＰＷＭ变换器。软开关ＰＷＭ变换器综合了软开关技术和ＰＷＭ技术各自的优点,构成新一类目前发展和应用前景的变换器。本文系统地综述了谐振直流环变换器,零电压和零电流开关ＰＷＭ变换器,零电压转换ＰＷＭ变换器和零电流转换ＰＷＭ变换器的工作原理和特点。     

移相控制零电压开关脉宽调制DC—DC变换器的拓扑分析与设计

介绍一种适用于固态雷达发射机、现代通信设备和高频焊接设备等使用的全桥移相控制，零电压开关ＰＷＭ直流－直流变换器。     

零电压转换（ZVT）功率变换器

本文叙述的是一种零电压转换（简称ＺＶＴ）功率变换器，该变换器是在传统的ＰＷＭ变换器拓扑结构基础上，增加一个谐振网络来使有源开关和无源开关在开关转换过程中均在零电压状态下进行。     

高功率CO_2激光器谐振开关变换型电源的计算仿真

研究了高功率ＣＯ２激光器用零电流开关准谐振开关电源，讨论了电源的工作原理和电路结构，进行了激光电源的计算仿真研究，得到了谐振电路的工作波形，通过谐振开关方式与ＰＷＭ硬开关方式的比较，论述了零电流开关准谐振变换器的技术特点及优势。     

新颖的含PFC的PWM ZVX AC—DC变换器

提出了一种新的具有功率因数补偿（ＰＦＣ）功能的零电压开关（ＺＶＳ）ＡＣ－ＤＣ变换器基于不连续导电模式（ＤＣＭ）下的Ｂｏｏｓｔ环节实现ＰＦＣ功能,但其具有ＺＶＳ机制从而解决了ＤＣＭ下因开关关断大的峰值电流引起的关断同、ＥＭＩ严重的问题,同时还消除了由于开关的寄生电容引起的开通损耗,该变换器可以采用通用控制芯片并工作在ＰＷＭ模式,文中分析了提出变换器的工作原理,并给出了基本设计原则,模拟和实验结果证明     

新型空间矢量调制软开关PWM变换器的分析

在空间矢量调制三相全桥移相ＺＶＳ－ＰＷＭ变换器的基础上,提出一种软开关范围较工的新型窨矢量调制变换器。该变换器既具有单位功率因数和低的输入电流谐波失真,而且电路的所有功率开关均可实现软开关。文中分析了这种电路的工作过程和工作波形,给出了工程设计的一些规则,并给出了仿真结果。     

“零电流”开关与VI－200模块的应用

介绍了“零电流”开关的基本概念和简要原理，并将其与普通的ＰＷＭ型开关进行了比较；在此基础上，比较详细地介绍了应用“零电流”开关的ＤＣ－ＤＣ变换模块─—ＶＩ－２００模块的原理，给出了应用此模块的５Ｖ２０Ａ开关电源的设计思路。     

零电流开关准谐振变换器的分析

介绍了零电流开关准谐振变换器（ＺＣＳ－ＱＲＣｓ）这类变换器的基本工作原理及其参数设计,对变换器进行了仿真分析,并将零电流谐振开关应用到基本的变换器中,得到了一族零电流开关准谐振变换器。     

Boost ZCT-PWM变换器的改进及仿真分析

针对传统的Boost ZCT-PWM变换器中存在的主开关管硬开通和辅助开关管硬关断的问题,提出一种改进型的Boost ZCT-PWM变换器,使主开关管零电流开通,辅助开关管零电流通断,并且特别适用于IGBT作为开关器件的高电压、大功率应用场合。分析电路的工作原理并用PSpice仿真软件进行仿真研究。仿真结果表明所有开关器件实现了软开关,变换器的效率得到提高。     

一种移相全桥ZVZCS变换器的研究与应用

基于对ZVZCS-PWM全桥变换器工作原理的分析,利用Pspice仿真软件对该变换器主电路进行了仿真,详细给出了仿真电路中的参数,对各仿真波形进行了分析。并在此基础上设计出一台50v／15A全桥软开关电源实验样机,在实验样机上测量出其实际运行时的波形及变换器效率。实验结果证明该变换器超前桥臂很好地实现了零电压开关,并在任意负载和输入电压范围内实现了滞后桥臂的零电流开关。     

基于PWM变换器的新型无源无损软开关

详细分析了一种基于PWM变换器的新型无源无损软开关，并给出了其最优化设计步骤。通过一台满载输出功率为900w的带有该无源无损软开关的Boost变换器验证了其开关管实现零电流开通和零电压关断，并与传统的Boost变换器比较，验证其具有较高的效率。     

A new ZVT-ZCT-PWM DC-DC converter

In this paper, a new active snubber cell is proposed to contrive a new family of pulse width modulated (PWM) converters. This snubber cell provides zero voltage transition (ZVT) turn on and zero current transition (ZCT) turn off together for the main switch of a converter. Also, the snubber cell is implemented by using only one quasi resonant circuit without an important increase in the cost and complexity of the converter. New ZVT-ZCT-PWM converter equipped with the proposed snubber cell provides most the desirable features of both ZVT and ZCT converters presented previously, and overcomes most the drawbacks of these converters. Subsequently, the new converter can operate with soft switching successfully at very wide line and load ranges and at considerably high frequencies. Moreover, all semiconductor devices operate under soft switching, the main devices do not have any additional voltage and current stresses, and the stresses on the auxiliary devices are at low levels. Also, the new converter has a simple structure, low cost and ease of control. In this study, a detailed steady state analysis of the new converter is presented, and this theoretical analysis is verified exactly by a prototype of a 1-kW and 100-kHz boost converter.     

Resonant link bidirectional power converter. I. Resonant circuit

This paper proposes a novel resonant circuit capable of PWM operation with zero switching losses. The resonant circuit is aimed at providing zero voltage intervals in the DC link of the PWM converter during the required converter device switching periods, and it gives minimum DC bus voltage stresses and minimum peak resonant current. It requires only two additional switches compared to a conventional PWM converter. It is observed that the resonant circuit guarantees the soft switching of all the switching power devices of converters including the switches for resonant operation. Simulation results and experimental results are presented to verify the operating principles     

Multifunctional Grid-Connected Multimodule Power Converters Capable of Operating in Single-Pulse and PWM Switching Modes

Pulsewidth-modulated (PWM) techniques equip power converters with unique features such as input-output linearity and control flexibility. Nevertheless, frequent switching of semiconductor switching devices causes considerable switching loss, and therefore makes traditional two-level PWM converters inappropriate for high-power applications. Two alternatives for building modular structures, namely multipulse and multimodule PWM converters were introduced to provide not only voltage and current sharing among the semiconductor switching devices, but also a high-quality output voltage at a much lower switching frequency. While multipulse converters offer minimal switching losses, low-order harmonic neutralization, and the best utilization of the inverter, multimodule PWM converters give control flexibility and power structure simplicity. This paper combines these two, and preserves the advantages of both multipulse and multimodule PWM converters. This not only provides an additional degree of freedom for voltage control, but also enables the converter to operate in PWM mode during transient and in single-pulse mode during the steady state. For the PWM switching mode, a special space vector strategy of 3 p.u. switching frequency is presented to maximize the voltage utilization and maintain a linear transfer characteristic. The power structure and control methods are analyzed, and validated by simulation and experimentally.     

New zero voltage switching DC converter with flying capacitors

A new soft switching converter is presented for medium power applications. Two full-bridge converters are connected in series at high voltage side in order to limit the voltage stress of power switches at V_in/2. Therefore, power metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) with 600 V voltage rating can be adopted for 1200 V input voltage applications. In order to balance two input split capacitor voltages in every switching cycle, two flying capacitors are connected on the AC side of two full-bridge converters. Phase-shift pulse-width modulation (PS-PWM) is adopted to regulate the output voltage. Based on the resonant behaviour by the output capacitance of MOSFETs and the resonant inductance, active MOSFETs can be turned on under zero voltage switching (ZVS) during the transition interval. Thus, the switching losses of power MOSFETs are reduced. Two full-bridge converters are used in the proposed circuit to share load current and reduce the current stress of passive and active components. The circuit analysis and design example of the prototype circuit are provided in detail and the performance of the proposed converter is verified by the experiments.     

A Single-Phase Active Filter Using an H-Bridge PWM Converter With a Sampling Frequency Quadruple of the Switching Frequency

This paper presents a digital current regulator for H-bridge pulsewidth modulation (PWM) converters, whose sampling frequency equals quadruple of the switching frequency. The current regulator detects the ac current and manipulates the voltage reference not only at the upper and lower peaks of the PWM triangle carrier but also at its zero crossings. This paper theoretically discusses the switching sequence of the H-bridge PWM converter, and reveals the amount of the voltage error and the condition where the voltage error occurs. A modified deadbeat current regulator is proposed to suppress the current oscillation induced by the voltage error, based on the theoretical analysis. Experimental results are shown to verify the control performance of the proposed current regulator. Moreover, a proposed current regulator is applied to a single-phase active power filter to demonstrate the effectiveness in harmonic compensation.     

Low stress switching for efficiency

Power modules that turn on or off “softly,” at near zero voltage or current, promise marked gains in performance by cutting switching losses and allowing faster controls-to the likely benefit of power converters. Medium power inverters have undergone significant changes. One improvement stems from new power transistors such as insulated-gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs) with their increasing voltage- and current-carrying capabilities and increasing switching frequencies. Others derive from the use of digital signal processors and such modern control techniques as fuzzy logic and neural networks, as well as from advances in the applications of power converters that employ soft switching of the power devices. Soft-switching technologies promise marked gains in performance-lower losses and higher switching frequencies than those in the prevailing hard-switching technology. The idea is to switch a device only when the voltage across it, or the current through it, is zero. Representative soft switching converters include DC-to-DC converters rated at up to several hundred watts, as well as inductive chargers for electric vehicle batteries rated at up to 120 kW. Technologically speaking, advances in soft-switching inverters have arisen chiefly from enhancements to semiconductor power devices. Today, IGBTs lead the market for medium-power applications     

Two-switch forward soft-switching PWM DC-DC power converter

A novel prototype is presented of a two-switch forward soft-switching PWM DC-DC power converter with reduced switching and conduction power losses, which can operate under two soft commutations of zero voltage and zero current of full bridge circuit topology     

Engineering design of lossless passive soft switching methods for PWM converters. II. With nonminimum voltage stress circuit cells

This paper proposes the analysis and design methodology of lossless, passive soft switching methods for PWM converters. The emphasis of the design and analysis is for PWM converters that use nonminimum voltage stress (non-MVS) circuit cells to provide soft switching. PWM converters with non-MVS circuit cells have several distinct advantages over converters that use minimum voltage stress (MVS) cells. With the same relative size of the inductor and capacitor added for soft switching, the non-MVS cells have a substantially larger duty ratio range where soft switching is guaranteed. In addition, the overcurrent stress of the main switch, under most conditions, will be lower and an optimum value of inductor and capacitor added for soft switching can be used. Therefore, with proper design, the non-MVS cells provide higher efficiency. These advantages are obtained with the price of higher switching voltage stress and one additional inductor. The loss model for a MOSFET and optimum capacitor and inductor values are utilized in the design procedure. Examples of the design procedure are given for PFC and DC-DC applications. Experimental results backup the claim of higher efficiency.     

一种宽输入电压范围软开关电流型DC/DC转换器

针对太阳能光伏及燃料电池等领域电源需要较宽输入电压范围的需求,提出一种通用的具有较宽输入电压范围的软开关电流型DC/DC转换器。该转换器采用了固定频率混合调制设计,可以在所有工作条件下实现半导体器件的软开关工作,并采用电流馈电技术以便适用于低电压高电流的电源。相较于传统转换器,该转换器更为通用,能够实现零电压开关和零电流开关,并且能够在输入电压和负载变化出现较大变化时控制输出电压。实验结果显示,在20-60V输入电压范围内且负载出现变化时,该转换器均表现出良好的性能。