简单有效氮掺杂TiO2纳米微晶的制备、表征及其可见光活性

以尿素为氮源,采用简单的酸催化溶胶-凝胶法制备了氮掺杂TiO2纳米光催化剂,以甲基橙在可见光照射下的光催化降解为探针反应,评价了其光催化活性。运用XRD、XPS和UV-Vis DRS光谱表征技术考察了氮掺杂TiO2样品的微晶尺寸、晶相结构、表面组成及其吸光特性。结果表明氮掺杂减小了TiO2的带能隙,氮掺杂TiO2纳米微晶对400～530nm的可见光有较强的吸收,在降解甲基橙的实验中表现出良好的可见光催化活性。其中,400℃焙烧制得的具有单一锐钛矿相型,晶粒尺寸为14.94nm的TiO1.9904N0.0096样品的可见光催化活性最佳。     

钇氮共掺杂纳米TiO_2光催化降解染料废水研究

以溶胶-凝胶法制备了钇、氮共掺杂纳米TiO2,对甲基橙染料废水进行了光催化降解实验。XRD、UV-VIS、FT-IR分析表明,500℃煅烧时得到的仍是锐钛矿型TiO2,晶粒变小;与单一的掺杂相比,共掺杂光催化活性有较大的提高,光响应范围得到很大拓展。Y3+、N的掺量分别为0.8%和0.5%时,在1.5h内甲基橙的降解率达到99.8%。     

微波化学合成法制备氮掺杂TiO2光催化剂的研究

利用微波化学合成法制备了具有高活性的可见光响应氮掺杂纳米TiO2光催化剂.采用XRD、XPS、UV-vis等手段对样品的性能进行了表征分析,并以甲基橙为目标降解物,考察了催化剂在普通日光灯照射下的光催化活性.结果表明,所制备的N-TiO2粉体在400℃、450℃、500℃、550℃热处理4h后仍为锐钛矿相;光催化剂中的N以共价键的形式存在于TiO2晶格中;样品的吸收阈值波长可红移至500nm左右;当煅烧温度为400℃时,样品表现出较好的光催化活性.     

模拟太阳光下氮掺杂纳米TiO_2对甲基橙的降解性能

采用溶胶凝胶法制备了氮掺杂的纳米二氧化钛(TiO_2)光催化剂,以甲基橙的光催化降解为探针反应,用氙灯模拟太阳光,评价了其光催化活性,运用XRD、UV-Vis DRS和XPS等技术对制备的TiO_2进行表征,结果表明,氙灯下,500℃焙烧所制备的N掺杂TiO_2(N500)具有最佳的光催化活性,该催化剂为纯锐钛矿型,氮的质量掺杂量为0.7%,对波长400~550nm的可见光有较强的吸收。     

微波化学法合成可见光响应氮掺杂纳米TiO_2光催化剂

以水为溶剂,尿素为氮源,用微波化学法合成了具有高活性的可见光响应氮掺杂纳米TiO2光催化剂.采用XRD、FT-IR、TEM、UV-vis等手段对样品的性能进行了表征分析,并以甲基橙为目标降解物,考察了催化剂在普通目光灯照射下的光催化活性.结果表明,所制备的N-TiO2粉体在400、450、500、550℃热处理4h后仍为锐钛矿相;光催化剂中的N以共价键的形式存在于TiO2晶格之中;样品的吸收阈值波长可红移至500nm左右;当煅烧温度为400℃时,样品表现出最佳的光催化活性.     

氮-镨共掺杂TiO_2的制备及催化性能研究

为了提高TiO_2的光催化性能,采用溶胶凝胶法制备了N和稀土Pr共掺杂TiO_2光催化剂。用XRD、SEM和紫外-可见光分度计对样品进行表征,并考察了掺杂量、煅烧温度和晶型对TiO_2光催化性能的影响。研究发现N-Pr混合改性的TiO_2的催化活性均高于未改性的,5%的N和0.5%的Pr混合掺杂并经500℃锻烧后,样品为单一的锐钛矿相且粒径分布较窄,在模拟灯光照射下表现出较高的光催化活性和降解甲基橙溶液的能力,在80 min内使甲基橙溶液的降解率达到了99%。     

煅烧温度对TiO_2中空微球光催化性能的影响

以分散聚合法制得的单分散阳离子聚苯乙烯（PS）微球为模板,钛酸丁酯为前驱体,采用溶胶-凝胶法在模板表面包覆TiO2壳层,并在不同煅烧温度下制备了晶相结构不同的微米级中空TiO2微球。采用TEM、SEM、FT-IR、XRD、UV-Vis DRS对样品的微观结构、相态组成及光催化性能进行了表征。结果表明TiO2中空微球平均粒径达到1.23μm,壳层厚度约为30nm;随着煅烧温度增加,锐钛矿晶粒尺寸会增加,并在700℃时出现混晶结构;在500℃煅烧得到的TiO2中空微球对甲基橙（MO）降解表现出比P25更好的光催化性能及光催化稳定性。     

溶胶-凝胶法制备TiO2粉体及其光催化性能研究

以钛酸丁酯为前驱物,无水乙醇为溶剂,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了TiO2粉体,并采用紫外分光光度计、XRD等表征手段对TiO2的粒度、晶型结构进行了表征,分析了煅烧温度、TiO2晶型比例、溶液初始pH值等因素对TiO2结构性能及光催化活性的影响.结果表明:TiO2的锐钛矿晶型与金红石晶型的转相温度为700 ℃左右;采用溶胶-凝胶法制备TiO2时,控制溶液的pH值为4,煅烧温度为600 ℃,所得产物晶型全部为锐钛矿;当无水乙醇与钛酸丁酯的体积比为10:1时,产物的粒径为617 nm;且当配制溶液pH值为4,煅烧温度为600℃条件下,煅烧时间为40~60 min时,所制备TiO2的光催化效果较好,降解率较高;当光催化体系的pH值为9、以质量浓度为10 mg/L的亚甲基兰溶液浸泡2 h,TiO2的用量为0.25 g/L时,产物的降解率高达95.3%.     

高活性TiO2纳米晶的酸催化Sol-Gel法制备与表征

采用酸催化的溶胶-凝胶法制备出了纳米TiO2光催化剂，以甲基橙的光催化降解为探针反应，评价了其光催化活性．运用XRD、TEM、FT—IR以及PL光谱技术对纳米TiO2的微晶尺寸、晶体结构、表面组成和性能进行表征．结果表明，400℃焙烧的TiO2纳米粒子的颗粒形貌为近球形，晶粒尺寸为11．69 nm，样品分散性良好的锐钛矿型结构．在光催化降解甲基橙的实验中，400℃焙烧的TiO2纳米粒子表现出最高的光催化活性，这与表征结果一致．此外，550℃和650℃焙烧的具有锐钛矿型和金红石型混晶结构的TiO2纳米粒子，无混晶协同促进效应．     

磁性La3+掺杂TiO2的制备及性能

利用溶胶-凝胶法,在室温条件下,以钛酸四丁酯、硝酸镧为主要原料,无水乙醇为溶剂,冰醋酸为抑制剂,浓硝酸为催化剂制得稳定的掺La3+TiO2溶胶,陈化后的凝胶经不同温度煅烧3h后制得不同掺La3+量的TiO2。通过XRD对不同煅烧温度及不同掺La3+量的TiO2进行了表征;以紫外光为光源,研究了掺La3+-TiO2对甲基橙溶液的光降解效果。用化学共沉淀法制备了具有强磁性的Fe3O4水基磁流体,再与La3+掺杂TiO2进行复合,制备了Fe3O4负载量不同的磁性La3+掺杂TiO2,研究了Fe3O4负载量不同的La3+掺杂TiO2对甲基橙的光催化降解效果、磁分离回收率的影响。结果表明,掺La3+量及煅烧温度对TiO2的晶型、各晶型TiO2的相对含量及对甲基橙的光降解效果均有影响。La3+掺杂TiO2比纯TiO2显示出更强的光催化性能,掺La3+量2%,热处理温度450℃的La3+掺杂TiO2光催化活性最高。Fe3O4负载量为10%的Fe3O4/La3+-TiO2对甲基橙的降解率8h时为99.4%;磁分离回收率达97.39%。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Synthesis of Alumina-Zirconia Nanocomposites by Solgel Process

Al₂O₃-ZrO₂ nanocomposites were developed starting with the solgel process. Composite alumina-zirconia nanopowders were synthesized from metallorganic precursors (Aluminium secondary butoxide and zirconium Iso propoxide) using the solgel process. The parameters affecting the synthesis—solvent, concentration of precursor, R/H ratio (i.e., dilution of water in solvent)—were varied as also the temperature and pH. BET and TEM were used to measure nanosize. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and also qualitative optical absorption led to identical particle size estimate. The variation of process parameters was used to study the effect and interdependence of process parameters. Artificial Neural Networks was used to rigorously analyze the process. Although this led to confirmation of interdependence of parameters, the presence of a single overwhelming solvent variable was also established. Then the optimal process was used to synthesize more nanopowder. To produce bulk nanocomposite the nanopowders were sintered by varying the temperature and time period. The sintered lithoids were probed with a vickers hardness tester to measure elastic modulus, hardness, and fracture toughness. The results showed high elastic modulus, modest hardness, and very high fracture toughness.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.