一种基于模糊逻辑的非线性系统故障检测与定位的方法

针对一般非线性系统,提出了一种带故障标志的系统故障模糊模型,基于此模型给出了一种非线性系统故障检测与定位的新方法,它采用模糊聚类算法提取故障系统的模糊规则,进而完成系统故障的检测与定位,该方法对噪声污染具有较强的抑制作用,对模型误差亦无较高的要求, 仿真结果表明所提方法对非线性系统的故障可以及时地完成检测与定位。     

基于模糊规则优化的改进模糊遗传算法

该文针对遗传算法的特点,提出了一种基于模糊规则优化的改进模糊遗传算法及其算法结构,即用模糊控制的方法来调整遗传算法中的交叉概率和变异概率,同时寻找与控制对象相匹配的最佳模糊规则。在数学函数上的仿真结果表明,此种模糊遗传算法不仅加快了解的收敛速度,而且大大提高了解的质量。     

Multiple fuzzy model-based temperature predictive control for HVAC systems

In this paper, a multiple model predictive control (MMPC) strategy based on Takagi–Sugeno (T–S) fuzzy models for temperature control of air-handling unit (AHU) in heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems is presented. The overall control system is constructed by a hierarchical two-level structure. The higher level is a fuzzy partition based on AHU operating range to schedule the fuzzy weights of local models in lower level, while the lower level is composed of a set of T–S models based on the relation of manipulated inputs and system outputs correspond to the higher level. Following this divide-and-conquer strategy, the complex nonlinear AHU system is divided into a set of T–S models through a fuzzy satisfactory clustering (FSC) methodology and the global system is a fuzzy integrated linear varying parameter (LPV) model. A hierarchical MMPC strategy is developed using parallel distribution compensation (PDC) method, in which different predictive controllers are designed for different T–S fuzzy rules and the global controller output is integrated by the local controller outputs through their fuzzy weights. Simulation and real process testing results show that the proposed MMPC approach is effective in HVAC system control applications.     

From classic observability to a simple fuzzy observability for fuzzy discrete-event systems

In order to determine uncertainties from restricted available information, fuzzy discrete-event systems (FDESs), or fuzzy discrete-event dynamic systems (FDEDSs), were recently proposed. These frameworks include fuzzy states and events occurring simultaneously with different membership degrees. Fuzzy states and events have been used to describe uncertainties that occur often in practical problems, such as treatment planning for HIV/AIDS patients, sensory information processing for robotic control, and fault diagnosis problems. In order to measure information associated with FDESs or FDEDSs, the classical discrete event system (DES) observability has been turned into fuzzy observability for FDESs or FDEDSs. The newly proposed method allows ease of defining degrees of observability so that uncertainties in FDESs or FDEDSs can be dealt with effectively. This gives an opportunity to design better decision-making systems. To calculate the observability degree, a simple fuzzy observability checking method is introduced, and two examples are elaborated upon to illustrate the presented method. Finally, the newly proposed method is tested on a heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning (HVAC) system.     

Online fault detection and isolation of nonlinear systems based on neurofuzzy networks

An online fault detection and isolation (FDI) technique for nonlinear systems based on neurofuzzy networks (NFN) is proposed in this paper. Two NFNs are used. The first one trained by data obtained under normal operating condition models the system and the second one trained online models the residuals. Fuzzy rules that are activated under fault free and faulty conditions are extracted from the second NFN and stored in the symptom vectors using a binary code. A fault database is then formed from these symptom vectors. When applying the proposed FDI technique, the NFN that models the residuals is updated recursively online, from which the symptom vector is obtained. By comparing this symptom vector with those in the fault database, faults are isolated. Further, the fuzzy rules obtained from the symptom vector can also provide linguistic information to experienced operators for identifying the faults. The implementation and performance of the proposed FDI technique is illustrated by simulation examples involving a two-tank water level control system under faulty conditions.     

A Setup for Active Fault Diagnosis

A setup for active fault diagnosis (AFD) of parametric faults in dynamic systems is formulated in this note. It is shown that it is possible to use the same setup for both open loop systems, closed-loop systems based on a nominal feedback controller as well as for closed-loop systems based on a reconfigured feedback controller. This will make the proposed AFD approach very useful in connection with fault tolerant control (FTC). The setup will make it possible to let the fault diagnosis part of the fault tolerant controller remain unchanged after a change in the feedback controller. The setup for AFD is based on the Youla–Jabr–Bongiorno–Kucera (YJBK) parameterization of all stabilizing feedback controllers and the dual YJBK parameterization. It is shown that the AFD is based directly on the dual YJBK transfer function matrix. This matrix will be named the fault signature matrix when it is used in connection with AFD.     

A hybrid neural network model for rule generation and its application to process fault detection and diagnosis

In this paper, a hybrid neural network model, based on the integration of fuzzy ARTMAP (FAM) and the rectangular basis function network (RecBFN), which is capable of learning and revealing fuzzy rules is proposed. The hybrid network is able to classify data samples incrementally and, at the same time, to extract rules directly from the network weights for justifying its predictions. With regards to process systems engineering, the proposed network is applied to a fault detection and diagnosis task in a power generation station. Specifically, the efficiency of the network in monitoring the operating conditions of a circulating water (CW) system is evaluated by using a set of real sensor measurements collected from the power station. The rules extracted are analyzed, discussed, and compared with those from a rule extraction method of FAM. From the comparison results, it is observed that the proposed network is able to extract more meaningful rules with a lower degree of rule redundancy and higher interpretability within the neural network framework. The extracted rules are also in agreement with experts’ opinions for maintaining the CW system in the power generation plant.     

一种复杂模糊系统生成方法

生成模糊系统传统方法的工作量往往随输入变量数的增长而爆炸性也增加，用于抽取模糊规则的神经网络的规模迅速地增加且能量的极小值点也迅速地增多。针对这一问题，本文发展了一种新的模糊系统生成方法，将复杂系统的模糊输入，输出关系分解成简单的模糊输入，输出关系叠加，采用了一种新的网络优化的方法－基于浮点编码的遗传算法来生成该系统。     

Fault tolerant control using a fuzzy predictive approach

This paper proposes the application of fault-tolerant control (FTC) using fuzzy predictive control. The FTC approach is based on two steps, fault detection and isolation (FDI) and fault accommodation. The fault detection is performed by a model-based approach using fuzzy modeling and fault isolation uses a fuzzy decision making approach. The information obtained on the FDI step is used to select the model to be used in fault accommodation, in a model predictive control (MPC) scheme. The fault accommodation is performed with one fuzzy model for each identified fault. The FTC scheme is used to accommodate the faults of two systems a container gantry crane and three tank benchmark system. The fuzzy FTC scheme proposed in this paper was able to detect, isolate and accommodate correctly the considered faults of both systems.     

Fault detection for interval type-2 fuzzy stochastic systems with D stability constraint

This paper investigates the fault detection problem for interval type-2 (IT2) fuzzy stochastic systems with D stability constraint. In the design process, the constructed IT2 fuzzy stochastic system and fault detection filter use different membership functions and the number of fuzzy rules. The parameter uncertainties in the IT2 membership functions are captured through upper and lower membership functions. For relaxing the stability analysis and deriving the existence conditions of the fault detection filter that guarantee the mean-square asymptotically stable and H_∞ performance of the inferred IT2 fault detection system, the approach of dividing the state space and the values of upper and lower membership functions are exploited. Finally, simulation results are given to show the effectiveness of the presented results.     

Scalable Distributed Sensor Fault Diagnosis for Smart Buildings

The enormous energy use of the building sector and the requirements for indoor living quality that aim to improve occupants’ productivity and health, prioritize Smart Buildings as an emerging technology. The Heating, Ventilation and Air-Conditioning (HVAC) system is considered one of the most critical and essential parts in buildings since it consumes the largest amount of energy and is responsible for humans comfort. Due to the intermittent operation of HVAC systems, faults are more likely to occur, possibly increasing eventually building’s energy consumption and/or downgrading indoor living quality. The complexity and large scale nature of HVAC systems complicate the diagnosis of faults in a centralized framework. This paper presents a distributed intelligent fault diagnosis algorithm for detecting and isolating multiple sensor faults in large-scale HVAC systems. Modeling the HVAC system as a network of interconnected subsystems allows the design of a set of distributed sensor fault diagnosis agents capable of isolating multiple sensor faults by applying a combinatorial decision logic and diagnostic reasoning. The performance of the proposed method is investigated with respect to robustness, fault detectability and scalability. Simulations are used to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method in the presence of multiple sensor faults applied to a 83-zone HVAC system and to evaluate the sensitivity of the method with respect to sensor noise variance.      

Fuzzy Filter Design for ItÔ Stochastic Systems With Application to Sensor Fault Detection

The paper deals with the robust fault detection problem for Takagi–Sugeno (T--S) fuzzy ItÔ stochastic systems. Our aim is to develop a robust fault detection approach to the T--S fuzzy systems with Brownian motion. By using a general observer-based fault detection filter as a residual generator, the robust fault detection is formulated as a filtering problem. Attention is focused on the design of both the fuzzy-rule-independent and the fuzzy-rule-dependent fault detection filters guaranteeing a prescribed noise attenuation level in an ${{H}}_infty$ sense. Sufficient conditions are proposed to guarantee the mean-square asymptotic stability with an ${{H}}_infty$ performance for the fault detection system. The corresponding solvability conditions for the desired fuzzy-rule-independent and fuzzy-rule-dependent fault detection filters are also established. Finally, a numerical example is provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed theory.      

Diagnosability of fuzzy discrete event systems

In this paper, discrete event systems (DESs) are reformulated as fuzzy discrete event systems (FDESs) and fuzzy discrete event dynamical systems (FDEDSs). These frameworks include fuzzy states, events and IF-THEN rules. In these frameworks, all events occur at the same time with different membership degrees. Fuzzy states and events have been introduced to describe uncertainties that occur often in practical problems, such as fault diagnosis applications. To measure a diagnoser’s fault discrimination ability, a fuzzy diagnosability degree is proposed. If the diagnosability of the degree of the system yields one a diagnoser can be implemented to identify all possible fault types related to a system. For any degree less than one, researchers should not devote their time to distinguish all possible fault types correctly. Thus, two different diagnosability definitions FDEDS and FDES are introduced. Due to the specialized fuzzy rule-base embedded in the FDEDS, it is capable of representing a class of non-linear dynamic system. Computationally speaking, the framework of diagnosability of the FDEDS is structurally similar to the framework of diagnosability of a non-linear system. The crisp DES diagnosability has been turned into the term fuzzy diagnosability for the FDES. The newly proposed diagnosability definition allows us to define a degree of diagnosability in a class of non-linear systems. In addition, a simple fuzzy diagnosability checking method is introduced and some numerical examples are provided to illustrate this theoretical development. Finally, the potential applications of the proposed method are discussed.     

Predictive functional control based on fuzzy T-S model for HVAC systems temperature control

In heating, ventilating and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems, there exist severe nonlinearity, time-varying nature, disturbances and uncertainties. A new predictive functional control based on Takagi-Sugeno (T-S) fuzzy model was proposed to control HVAC systems. The T-S fuzzy model of stabilized controlled process was obtained using the least squares method, then on the basis of global linear predictive model from T-S fuzzy model, the process was controlled by the predictive functional controller. Especially the feedback regulation part was developed to compensate uncertainties of fuzzy predictive model. Finally simulation test results in HVAC systems control applications showed that the proposed fuzzy model predictive functional control improves tracking effect and robustness. Compared with the conventional PID controller, this control strategy has the advantages of less overshoot and shorter setting time, etc.     

Predictive functional control based on fuzzy T-S model for HVAC systems temperature control

In heating, ventilating and air-conditioning （HVAC） systems, there exist severe nonlinearity, time-varying nature, disturbances and uncertainties. A new predictive functional control based on Takagi-Sugeno （T-S） fuzzy model was proposed to control HVAC systems. The T-S fuzzy model of stabilized controlled process was obtained using the least squares method, then on the basis of global linear predictive model from T-S fuzzy model, the process was controlled by the predictive functional controller. Especially the feedback regulation part was developed to compensate uncertainties of fuzzy predictive model. Finally simulation test results in HVAC systems control applications showed that the proposed fuzzy model predictive functional control improves tracking effect and robustness. Compared with the conventional PID controller, this control strategy has the advantages of less overshoot and shorter setting time, etc.     

Fuzzy logic-based induction motor protection system

The protection is very important to detect abnormal motor running conditions such as over current, over voltage, overload, over temperature, and so on. When a failure is sensed by the protection system, a time delay should be specified to trip the motor. In the classical systems, motors are stopped with the time delay, which is adjusted constantly without considering the fault level. This paper presents a fuzzy logic-based protection system covering six different fault parameters for induction motors. This paper focuses on a new time-delay calculation for stopping induction motor and improves the overall detection performance. The time delay is computed by fuzzy logic method according to various fault parameters when one of the failures occurs on the motor. This system is successfully tested in real-time faults on the motor, and it shows that it provides sensitive protection by fuzzy rules.     

Fuzzy logic approach applied to the surge detection and isolation in centrifugal compressor

The gas compressor plants are bodies sensitive to accidental defects, the consequences of these defects on good operation of the gas pipeline can be critical. This paper presents an application of the fuzzy approach in fault detection and isolation of surge in this compression system. This paper illustrates an alternative implementation to the compression systems supervision task using the basic principles of model-based fault detection and isolation associated with fuzzy modelling approach. Application results of a fault detection and isolation for a compression system are provided, which illustrate the relevance of the proposed fuzzy fault detection and isolation method. This work is considered a first step in accessing the factors that affect the success or limitations of surge detection and isolation in natural gas pipeline compressors.     

基于定性趋势分析的空调系统传感器故障检测

提出了基于定性趋势分析的空调系统传感器故障检测方法。该方法将空调系统中信号相似的传感器分成一组,利用组中信号间的趋势相似性进行故障检测。采集了空调系统的传感器数据,对传感器偏置故障和漂移故障进行仿真实验,结果表明,该方法能检测传感器的偏置故障和漂移故障。     

动态系统的主动故障诊断技术

目前, 绝大多数动态系统的故障诊断方法仅利用系统的输入输出数据, 当数据中包含的故障特征不明显时, 诊断效果不佳. 动态系统的主动故障诊断方法通过向系统注入适当的辅助信号, 增强输入输出数据中特定故障的表现来提高对该故障的诊断能力. 主动故障诊断的研究不仅对于丰富与发展动态系统故障诊断理论具有重要价值, 还对故障诊断技术在实际中的推广应用具有重要意义. 本文阐述了主动故障诊断的思想, 介绍了用于增强故障表现的辅助信号所具有的特征, 分类概述了现有文献中的辅助信号设计方法, 分析了故障表现增强的形式与主动故障诊断技术的实现方式, 探讨了主动故障诊断中亟待解决的问题与未来的发展方向.     

网络入侵检测系统的模糊规则学习模型

从如何完善和改进网络入侵检测系统的检测规则方面着眼,分析了入侵检测系统漏识和误识的原因,建立了一个网络入侵检测系统的模糊规则学习模型.文章首先证明了噪声环境下入侵行为的相似关系.并以入侵检测系统原有检测规则为基础,创建了基于权重的模糊检测规则.同时提出了一个反馈误差学习算法,用于对模糊检测规则进行改进以求达到识别的最优.模型可以方便地应用于各种基于规则的入侵检测系统.